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| 2166866984 | Bartolome de Las Casas | 16th century, Spanish priest who wanted Europeans to treat the Native Americans better | 0 | |
| 2166867988 | Juan Gines de Sepulveda | 16th century, argued that Native Americans were less than human and should serve the Europeans | 1 | |
| 2166868449 | Valladolid Debate | 1550-51, formal debate between Las Casas and Sepulveda | 2 | |
| 2170358378 | Mestizo | 15th-17th century, a person of combined European and Native American descent | 3 | |
| 2170360579 | Zambo | 15th-17th century, individuals in the Americas who are of mixed African and Amerindian ancestry | 4 | |
| 2170364554 | Cahokia | 1400s, the largest and most influential urban settlement in the Mississippian culture of Indians | 5 | |
| 2170368805 | Pueblo | modern and old communities of Native Americans in the Southwestern United States of America; the first Spanish explorers of the Southwest used this term to describe the communities housed in apartment-like structures built of stone, adobe mud, and other local material | 6 | |
| 2170377023 | Prince Henry the Navigator | 15th century, important Portuguese political figure who initiated the age of exploration and discovery, especially down west coast of Africa | 7 | |
| 2170384225 | Bartolomeu Dias | 15th century, Portuguese explorer and first European to sail to tip of Africa and into Indian Ocean | 8 | |
| 2170388370 | Vasco da Gama | 15th-16th century, Portuguese explorer and first European to reach India by sea | 9 | |
| 2170397175 | Amerigo Vespucci | 15th-16th century, Italian explorer of the Atlantic Ocean, West Indies, and South America | 10 | |
| 2170402604 | John Cabot | 15th century, Italian explorer of mainland North America | 11 | |
| 2170403792 | Christopher Columbus | 15th century, Italian explorer of the West Indies financed by Ferdinand and Isabella | 12 | |
| 2170414020 | Hernan Cortes | 16th century, Spanish conquistador who brought down Aztec Empire | 13 | |
| 2170418209 | Francisco Pizarro | 16th century, Spanish conquistador who brought down the Incan Empire | 14 | |
| 2170425252 | chattel slavery | system by which people are treated as the personal property of an owner and are bought and sold as if they were commodities | 15 | |
| 2170428589 | Encomienda | a grant by the Spanish Crown to a colonist in America conferring the right to demand tribute and forced labor from the Indian inhabitants of an area | 16 | |
| 2170432071 | mulatto | a person of mixed white and black ancestry | 17 | |
| 2170434019 | Columbian Exchange | refers to a period of cultural and biological exchanges between the New and Old Worlds; exchanges of plants, animals, diseases and technology | 18 | |
| 2170436922 | "Sea dogs" | 16th century, English pirates at the time of Elizabeth I of England; primarily targeted the Spanish | 19 | |
| 2170440469 | Mercantilism | 16th-18th century, dominant economic theory of Europe; the world has a finite amount of wealth, and each state should accumulate as much wealth as possible via colonies, trade, and protective tariffs | 20 | |
| 2170446167 | Richard Hakluyt | 16th-17th century, English writer known for promoting the settlement of North America | 21 | |
| 2170460647 | Juan de Onate | 16th-17th century, Spanish conquistador and governor of New Mexico | 22 | |
| 2173410755 | Algonquian | Native American society in the Northeast and along the Atlantic Seaboard that developed a mixed agricultural and hunter-gatherer economy that favored the development of permanent villages; similar to the Iroquois | 23 | |
| 2173414236 | Iroquois | Native American society in the Northeast and along the Atlantic Seaboard that developed a mixed agricultural and hunter-gatherer economy that favored the development of permanent villages; similar to the Algonquian | 24 | |
| 2173432091 | Sextant, joint-stock companies, compass, printing press | improvements in technology and more organized methods for conducting international trade that helped drive changes to economies in Europe and the Americas | 25 | |
| 2173442963 | Treaty of Tordesillas | 1494, divided the newly discovered lands outside Europe between the Portuguese Empire and Spanish Empire | 26 |
