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| 12916337964 | Manchus | Northeast Asian peoples who defeated the Ming Dynasty and founded the Qing Dynasty in 1644, which was the last of China's imperial dynasties. | 0 | |
| 12916340474 | Mughals | muslim rulers over india, combined Hindu and Muslim, brought India to the peak of its political empire, had a single government with a common culture | 1 | |
| 12916342470 | Safavid Empire | Turkish-ruled Muslim dynasty that ruled Persia between 16th and 18th centuries. | 2 | |
| 12916353872 | Ottoman Empire | Major Islamic state centered on Anatolia that came to include the Balkans, the Near East, and much of North Africa. | 3 | |
| 12916356256 | Russian Empire | (1500-1800) The empire stretched from E. Europe and the Baltic Sea to Siberia and the Pacific. Ivan III overthrew the Mongols take over additional land. Meanwhile, Ivan solidified a centralized rule and claimed divine ordination. He proclaimed Moscow to be the new capital of the new empire | 4 | |
| 12916362683 | Portuguese Maritime Empire | Asia: Controlled many ports like Goa and Hormuz Africa: Controlled Swahili City-States, Angola, Kongo, and other coastal parts America: Controlled Brazil for sugar, silver, tobacco. | 5 | |
| 12916367464 | Spanish Maritime Empire | The Spanish built an overseas colonial empire in the Americas, the Caribbean, and the Pacific, which contributed to Spain's rise as the dominant state in Europe in the 16th C. Conquistadors settled Latin America and the Caribbean and established encomiendas to utilize native labor. Magellan's voyage circumnavigated the Earth. Contributed to the conquest of the Philippines which served as a base (Manila) to trade directly with China. | 6 | |
| 12916381307 | Dutch Maritime Empire | Captured ports of trade in Asia such as ones in Indonesia, Explored Australia, New Guinea, Tip of South Africa, Established Constitutional Monarchy. Only Europeans allowed to trade in Japan for a while. | 7 | |
| 12916395455 | French Maritime Empire | Controlled much of Canada, Quebec. Lost many provinces/colonies to Britain in 7 years war Much of internal America. Established colonies in Canada to search for furs and lumber. | 8 | |
| 12916398982 | British Maritime Empire | Americas: Controlled coast on East and north above France Canada's claims Won many colonies from French in 7 years war Colonies funded by British East India Trading Comp. Controlled Madras, Bombay, and Calcutta in Asia | 9 | |
| 12916402042 | Prince Henry the Navigator | This was the Portuguese Prince that gave steadfast financial and moral support to the Portuguese navigators traveling around Africa | 10 | |
| 12916410953 | Mercantilism | An economic policy under which nations sought to increase their wealth and power by obtaining large amounts of gold and silver and by selling more imports than they bought | 11 | |
| 12916418669 | Plantation System | The division of the land into smaller units under private ownership | 12 | |
| 12916424630 | Protestant Reformation | Religious reform movement within the Latin Christian Church beginning in 1519. Believing in only the authority of the Bible. It spit the Roman Catholic Church and resulted in the 'protesters' forming several new Christian denominations, including the Lutheran, Calvinist, and Anglican Churches, among many others. | 13 | |
| 12916435389 | Sikhism | the doctrines of a monotheistic religion founded in northern India in the 16th century by Guru Nanak and combining elements of Hinduism and Islam | 14 | |
| 12916443565 | Atlantic Slave Trade | Lasted from 16th century until the 19th century. Trade of African peoples from Western Africa to the Americas as slaves. | 15 | |
| 12916448548 | Encomienda System | a certain amount of land and slaves given to Spanish settlers | 16 | |
| 12916454980 | Mita System | tax paid in mandatory labor | 17 | |
| 12916461118 | Indentured Servitude | labor under contract to an employer for a fixed period of time, often used in the late 19th and early 20th century as a replacement of slave labor, but with fairly similar exploitative working conditions. Laborers were often transported thousands of miles and could not easily afford to return home. | 18 | |
| 12916465228 | Daimyo | Japanese feudal lord in charge of an army of samurai | 19 | |
| 12916468488 | Mestizo | A person of mixed Spanish and Native American ancestry. | 20 | |
| 12916471650 | Mulattoe | People of African and European descent | 21 | |
| 12916473634 | Creole | Descendants of the Europeans in Latin America, usually implies an upper class status. | 22 | |
| 12916477111 | Peninsulare | Spanish-born, came to Latin America; highest social class. | 23 | |
| 12916480028 | Divine Right | Belief that a rulers authority comes directly from god. | 24 | |
| 12916482069 | 30 Years War | Catholic vs Protestant States | 25 | |
| 12916486668 | Piracy | the practice of attacking and robbing ships at sea | 26 | |
| 12916499234 | Settler Colonies | Colonies in which the colonizing people settled in large numbers, rather than simply spending relatively small numbers to exploit the region; particularly noteworthy in the case of the British colonies in North America. | 27 | |
| 12916501918 | Qing Dynasty | overthrown by revolutionaries; was ruled by the Manchu people: began to isolate themselves from Western culture | 28 | |
| 12916503516 | Akbar | famous Muslim ruler of India during the period of Mughal rule. Famous for his religious tolerance, his investment in rich cultural feats, and the creation of a centralized governmental administration, which was not typical of ancient and post-classical India. | 29 | |
| 12916514686 | Devshirme | Ottoman blood tax of taking boys from Christian peoples to be trained as Muslim soldiers | 30 | |
| 12916518383 | Janissary | A member of an elite force of soldiers in the Ottoman Empire. | 31 | |
| 12916520007 | Galileo | Italian astronomer and mathematician who was the first to use a telescope to study the stars | 32 | |
| 12916522918 | East India Companies | British, French, and Dutch trading companies that obtained government monopolies of trade to India and Asia; acted independently in their regions. | 33 | |
| 12916526367 | Tokugawa Shogunate | was a semi-feudal government of Japan in which one of the shoguns unified the country under his family's rule. Striving to isolate Japan from foreign influences | 34 | |
| 12916536904 | Diaspora | A dispersion of people from their homeland | 35 | |
| 12916539215 | Benin | A kingdom of the West African rain forest | 36 | |
| 12916541142 | Dahomey | West African kingdom that became strong through its rulers' exploitation of the slave trade. | 37 | |
| 12916544803 | Voltaire | French writer who was the embodiment of 18th century Enlightenment and wrote about free speech and religion. | 38 | |
| 12916553324 | Enlightenment | A movement in the 18th century that advocated the use of reason in the reappraisal of accepted ideas and social institutions. | 39 | |
| 12916555591 | Newton | English astronomer and mathematician | 40 | |
| 12916559741 | Little Ice Age | A century-long period of cool climate that began in the 1590s. Its ill effects on agriculture in northern Europe were notable. | 41 |
