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| 5347434977 | Photosystem 1 (PS1) | A light capturing enzyme in the thylakoid membrane of a chloroplast; reduces NADP+ to NADPH. |  | 0 |
| 5347434978 | Photosystem 2 (PS2) | A light capturing enzyme in the thylakoid membrane of a chloroplast; splits water into electrons, protons, and oxygen gas. | | 1 |
| 5347434979 | Electron Transport Chain | moves high energy electrons from PS2 and PS1 and uses the lost energy from the electrons to pump hydrogen ions into the thylakoid. |  | 2 |
| 5347434980 | ATP Synthase | A large protein that uses energy from H+ ions to bind ADP to an inorganic phosphate to produce ATP |  | 3 |
| 5347434981 | NADPH | An electron carrier involved in photosynthesis, which provides the high-energy electrons for the fixation of carbon dioxide to sugar in the Calvin cycle. |  | 4 |
| 5347434982 | ATP | (adenosine triphosphate) the main energy source for all cells; a molecule that is catabolized to release energy to drive metabolic processes |  | 5 |
| 5347434983 | Light Dependent Reactions | reactions of photosynthesis that use energy from light to split water, produce ATP, NADPH, and molecular oxygen |  | 6 |
| 5347434984 | Oxygen | Released to the atmosphere when water is split in PS2 | 7 | |
| 5347434985 | Water | This is split in PS2, called Hydrolysis | 8 | |
| 5347434986 | Photons | Light energy | 9 | |
| 5347434987 | Thylakoid space | H+ ions build up here | 10 | |
| 5347434988 | H+ ions | diffuse down their concentration gradient to spin ATP Synthase to convert ADP -> ATP | 11 | |
| 5347434991 | NADPH | one of the carrier molecules that transfers high-energy electrons from chlorophyll to other molecules, an electron carrier that provides the high-energy electrons needed to make carbon-hydrogen bonds in the third stage of photosynthesis | 12 | |
| 5347434992 | ATP | Similar structure to ATP but has only 2 phosphate groups. Partly charged, adenosine triphosphate, a molecule that stores and then releases energy in living organisms | 13 | |
| 5347434993 | Rubisco | Ribulose carboxylase, the enzyme that catalyzes the first step of the Calvin cycle (the addition of CO2 to RuBP, or ribulose bisphosphate). | 14 | |
| 5347434994 | photon | a tiny particle or packet of light energy | 15 | |
| 5347434995 | red light waves | longer wavelength (lower frequency) than violet but shorter (higher frequency) than infrared waves | 16 | |
| 5347434996 | blue light waves | are shorter wavelengths (but higher frequency) used in photosynthesis. | 17 | |
| 5347434998 | Calvin Cycle | reactions of photosynthesis in which energy from ATP and NADPH is used to build high-energy compounds such as sugars | 18 | |
| 5347435000 | electron transport chain | the series of molecules down which excited electrons are passed in a thylakoid membrane | 19 | |
| 5347435001 | thylakoid membrane | Contains pigments, photosystems, ATP synthase, and an electron transport train and is responsible for the light-dependent aspect of photosynthesis. | 20 | |
| 5347435002 | ATP Synthase | large protein that uses energy from H+ ions to bind ADP and a phosphate group together to produce ATP | 21 | |
| 5347435003 | ADP | Adenosine diphosphate that is converted to ATP for energy storage | 22 | |
| 5347435004 | chloroplast | organelle found in cells of plants and some other organisms that captures the energy from sunlight and converts it into chemical energy | 23 | |
| 5347435005 | stomata | the small openings on the undersides of most leaves through which oxygen and carbon dioxide can move | 24 | |
| 5347435006 | molecular oxygen | comes from life, photosynthesis in plants and algae | 25 | |
| 5347435007 | water and Carbon dioxide | besides energy what 2 things do the cells need to make sugar? | 26 | |
| 5347435008 | energy source for photosythesis | light | 27 | |
| 5347435009 | chlorophyll | green pigment in plants that absorbs light energy used to carry out photosynthesis | 28 | |
| 5347435010 | Hydrogen ions | pumped from matrix to intermembrane space; move through ATP synthase to make ATP | 29 | |
| 5347435012 | glucose | Sugar, Manufactured during photosynthesis, Main source of energy for plants and animals, Metabolized during cellular respiration | 30 | |
| 5347435017 | stroma | The solution that surrounds the thylakoids in a chloroplast. |  | 31 |
| 5347435018 | Calvin cycle | Another name for the light independent reaction. |  | 32 |
| 5347435019 | carbon dioxide | Gas that diffuses into leaves through stomata and combines with RuBP. |  | 33 |
| 5347435020 | RuBP | 5-carbon sugar that CO2 is attached to when it enters the light independent reaction. | | 34 |
| 5347435025 | ATP | Used in the light independent reaction to rearrange a 3 carbon sugar, and to regenerate RuBP. |  | 35 |
| 5347435026 | glucose | An example of a 6-carbon sugar that can be made from 2x 3 carbon molecules in the light independent reaction. |  | 36 |
| 5347435027 | thylakoids | sac-like photosynthetic membranes, on the diagram they are each individual member of a stack | 37 | |
| 5347435028 | granum | stack of thylakoids | 38 | |
| 5347435029 | stroma | region outside the thylakoid membranes in chloroplasts | 39 | |
| 5347435030 | light dependent reactions | reactions of photosynthesis that use energy from light and water to produce ATP and oxygen that is released into the atmosphere | 40 | |
| 5347435031 | Calvin Cycle / Light Independent reactions | plants use ATP and CO2 to produce high-energy sugars such as glucose | 41 | |
| 5347435032 | What is the function of ATP? | Provides small amounts of energy for cellular reactions to take place. | 42 | |
| 5347435034 | Where do light dependent reactions take place? | within the thylakoid membrane of the chloroplast | 43 | |
| 5347435035 | Where does the Calvin Cycle take place? | stroma | 44 | |
| 5347435036 | What molecules are NEEDED for photosynthesis? | carbon dioxide and water | 45 | |
| 5347435037 | What molecules are PRODUCED in photosynthesis? | glucose and oxygen | 46 | |
| 5347435038 | chloroplast | organelle where photosynthesis occurs | 47 | |
| 5347435039 | What pigment makes plants green? | chlorophyll | 48 | |
| 5347435040 | light-independent reaction are also called | Calvin Cycle, named after Melvin Calvin who discovered these reactions | 49 | |
| 5347435042 | e- is passed down from acceptor to acceptor | like a bucket bridgade | 50 | |
| 5347435044 | energy from e- is used to | make ATP | 51 | |
| 5347435048 | Energy in movement of energized e- | used to pull H+ from the stroma into the lumen | 52 | |
| 5347435049 | To create a proton gradient | high concentration of H+ in the lumen and low concentration of H+ in the stroma | 53 | |
| 5347435050 | ATP synthase | H+ naturally moving through the ATP synthase gives energy necessary to add a P to ADP to make ATP | 54 | |
| 5347435051 | Calvin Cycle | Light Independent Reactions | 55 | |
| 5347435052 | 5 Carbon Sugar combined with Co2 | by enzyme RuBisCo | 56 | |
| 5347435053 | Combining of 5C sugar and Co2 | produces 6C sugar | 57 | |
| 5347435054 | 6C sugar | very unstable | 58 | |
| 5347435055 | Because of instability | 6C sugar splits into two 3C units | 59 | |
| 5347435056 | Energy from ATP and NADPH | used to rearrange 3C units | 60 | |
| 5347435057 | Carbon Re-organizer | Series of reactions that reforms the 5C sugar and sets aside 1 Carbon to be used in glucose from the two 3C units | 61 | |
| 5347435059 | chlorophyll | Absorbs light energy. Pigment that gives a plant its green color. Found in the chloroplast |  | 62 |
| 5347435060 | chloroplast | organelle where photosynthesis takes place. |  | 63 |
| 5347435061 | oxygen | product of photosynthesis |  | 64 |
| 5347435062 | carbon dioxide | Gas taken in and used during photosynthesis. |  | 65 |
| 5347435063 | leaf | the part of the plant where most photosynthesis takes place |  | 66 |
| 5347435064 | light energy | energy from the sun that is used by plants to produce their own food by the process of photosynthesis |  | 67 |
| 5347435065 | stomata | tiny holes in the leaves of the plant where gases like carbon dioxide and oxygen enter and exit |  | 68 |
| 5347435066 | Photosynthesis | converting light energy to the chemical energy of food, in plants |  | 69 |
| 5347435069 | Glucose | the type of sugar made during photosynthesis |  | 70 |
| 5347435070 | product | a substance that is formed by a chemical reaction |  | 71 |
| 5347435071 | reactants of photosynthesis | carbon dioxide and water |  | 72 |
| 5347435072 | products of photosynthesis | glucose and oxygen |  | 73 |
| 5347435073 | photosynthesis | the process that autotrophs use to convert sunlight into food (glucose) | | 74 |
| 5347435074 | thylakoid membrane | the light-dependent reaction of photosynthesis happens here |  | 75 |
| 5347435075 | stroma | the light-independent reaction of photosynthesis happens here |  | 76 |
| 5347435076 | ATP + NADPH | products of light reaction that go to the light-independent reaction | | 77 |
| 5347435077 | ADP + NADP+ | products of the light-independent reaction that go to the light-dependent reaction |  | 78 |
| 5347435078 | reactants of photosynthesis | carbon dioxide and water | | 79 |
| 5347435079 | products of photosynthesis | glucose and oxygen | | 80 |
| 5347435082 | stroma | the light-independent reaction of photosynthesis happens here | | 81 |
| 5347435083 | ATP + NADPH | products of light reaction that go to the light-independent reaction | | 82 |
| 5347435084 | ADP + NADP+ | products of the light-independent reaction that go to the light-dependent reaction | | 83 |
