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Ploog - AP World History Terms - Unit 4 Flashcards

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381120045Constitutional Conventionwhen elected representatives got together to write the Constitution0
381120046Estates GeneralFrance's Traditional national assembly with representatives from each of the three estates (the clergy, nobility, or commoners)1
381120047National AssemblyFrench Revolutionary assembly. Demanded radical change. Passed the Declaration of the Rights of Man.2
381120048JacobinsRadical republicans during the French Revolution that was lead by Robespierre3
381120049Congress of Viennameeting of European monarch to reestablish the old order after the Napoleon I was defeated4
386834768Agricultural Revolutionnew crops; improvements in cultivation techniques in livestock breeding; consolidated small farms into bigger ones for more efficiency5
386834769Mass Productionthe production of many identical products. The production process is comprised of small repetitive tasks.6
386834770Division of Labora manufacturing technique that breaks the process into many small, repetitive tasks7
386834771Laissez Fairethe idea that the government should refrain from interfering with economic affairs.8
386834772Utopian Socialisma philosophy introduced by the French Charles Fourier. He wanted to build self-sustaining communities whose inhabitants would work cooperatively.9
386834773Business Cyclesrecurrent swings in the economy between good times and bad times10
386834774mechanizationthe application of machinery to tasks or the manufacturing process11
386834775Simon Bolivarthe most important leader for the South American independence movements12
386834776Personalist Leaderspolitical leaders that rely on charisma to rally popular support13
386834777Caste Wara rebellion of the Mayan people against the government of Mexico in 184714
386834778Acculturationthe adoption of the language, customs, values, and behaviors of host nations by immigrants15
386834779Benito Juarezthe president of Mexico that led the resistance against the French invasion in 1863; lawyer16
386834780Women's Rights Conventiona group of women that met in Seneca Falls in 1848 that decided that women should have the right to vote; began women's rights movements17
386834781ZuluAfricans of modern South Africa. King Shaka united them in 1818. A very powerful African tribe, but not as powerful as the Dutch Afrikaners.18
386834782Muhammad Alihe was the leader of Egypt in the early 1800s that wanted to modernize Egypt. Started the Suez Canal project19
386834783New Imperialisma wave of conquests by Europe, the United States, and japan in the late 1800s-early 1900s20
386834784Sepoy Rebellionthis was a revolt of Indian soldiers in 1857 because they were mad about some of the practices they were forced to do because it violated their religious beliefs21
386834785RajBritish rule in India22
386834786Indian National Congressthis group demanded more Indian participation in the government. It's members were in the middle class and it appealed to the poor.23
386834787Clipper Shipsthese were large, fast moving sailing vessels that were often American built. Vast canvas sails hung from the masts.24
386834788Sokoto Caliphatea large Muslim state founded in 1809 in modern-day northern Nigeria25
386834789JanissariesChristian soldiers who were forced to serve for the Ottomans. They opposed the Ottoman reforms, so they caused military uprisings.26
386834790Crimean WarOttomans vs. Russians. It was fought on the ~ Peninsula. Britain and France helped the Ottomans to prevent the Russians from expanding any further.27
386834791Young Ottomansthese were young intellectuals that wanted liberal reforms in the 1850s-1900s28
386834792Pan-SlavismRussian intellectuals that wanted to identify culturally and politically with all of the Slavic peoples, regardless of which country they were in29
386834793Decemberist Revoltthis occured after Tsar Alexander died and a variety of people wanted to take over.30
386834794Opium WarBritain vs. Qing Empire. Qing didn't want British to send Opium to their empire. They set up a naval blockade, but the British Navy destroyed them. The Treaty of Nanking opened more ports to British trade, and it gave the British "most-favored-nation" status.31
386834795Bannermenhereditary military servants of the Qing Empire, in large part descendants of peoples of various origins who had fought for the founders of the empire.32
386834796Taiping Rebellionbloodiest civil war of all time during the Qing Empire33
386834797Victorian Agename for the Reign of Queen Victoria with strict moral standards and specific gender roles34
386834798Labor Unionsa group of workers with similar jobs that get together to protect a common interest35
386834799Karl MarxGerman journalist/philosopher who founded socialism. He wrote "The Communist Manifesto" and "Das Kapital"36
386834800Otto von Bismarka chancellor of Prussia that beat Austria and France to create the German Empire in 1871.37
386834801Meiji Restorationfollowed the destruction of the Tokugawa Shogunate. Young leaders set Japan on the path of centralization, industrialization, and imperialism38
386834802Berlin ConferenceOtto von Bismark called this meeting to set the rules of colonization of Africa in 1884-188539
386834803AfrikanersSouth Africans of Dutch and French descent that ruled the black majority and established the Apartheid system.40

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