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Post-Classical Essential Terms II Flashcards

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246145042WendiMember of prominent northern Chinese family during period of Six Dynasties; proclaimed himself emperor; supported by nomadic peoples of northern China; established Sui dynasty0
246145043Neo-Confucianismthe resurgence of Confucianism and the influence of Confucian scholars during the Tang Dynasty; a unification of Daoist or Buddhist metaphysics with Confucian pragmatism1
246145044JinshiTitle granted to students who passed the most difficult Chinese examination on all of Chinese literature; became immediate dignitaries and eligible for high office2
246145045JurchensFounders of Qin kingdom that succeeded the Liao in northern China; annexed most of the Yellow River basin and forced the Song to flee south.3
246145046JunksChinese ships equipped with watertight bulkheads, sternpost rudders, compasses, and bamboo fenders; dominant force in Asian seas east of the Malayan peninsula4
246145047Flying MoneyCredit vouchers that could be presented for reimbursement5
246145048ChanganCapital of Tang dynasty; population of 2 million, larger than any other city in the world at that time.6
246145049HeianCapital city of Japan under the Yamato emperors, later called Kyoto; built in order to escape influence of Buddhist monks; patterned after ancient imperial centers of China; never fully populated7
246145050Samuraifeudal Japanese military aristocracy8
246145051BakufuMilitary government established by the Minamoto following the Gempei Wars; centered at Kamakura; retained emperor, but real power resided in military government and samurai9
246145052Shoguna hereditary military dictator of Japan, head of the Bakufu10
246145053Daimyoa japanese feudal lord who commanded a private army of samurai11
246145054Chosonearliest Korean Kingdom; conquered by Han emperor in 109 BCE12
246145055SinificationExtensive adaptation of Chinese culture in other regions; typical of Korea and Japan, less typical of Vietnam.13
246145056SillaIndependent Korean kingdom in southeastern part of peninsula; defeated Koguryo along with their Chinese Tang allies; submitted as a vassal of the Tang emperor and agreed to tribute payment; ruled united Korea by 668.14
246145057NguyenSouthern Vietnamese dynasty with capital at Hue that challenged northern Trinh dynasty with center at Hanoi15
246145058Trung SistersLeaders of one of the frequent peasant rebellions in Vietnam against Chinese rule; children of a deposed local leader16
246145059Chinggis KhanAlso known as Temujin; he united the Mongol tribes into an unstoppable fighting force; created largest single land empire in history.17
246145060KarakorumCapital of the Mongol empire under Chinggis Khan, 1162 - 1227.18
246145061Baturuler of the Golden Horde; one of Chinggis Khan's grandsons; responsible for the invasion of Russia beginning in 1236.19
246145062OgadeiThird son of Chinggis Khan; succeeded Chinggs Khan as khagan of the Mongols following his father's death20
246145063Golden HordeMongol khanate founded by Genghis Khan's grandson Batu. It was based in southern Russia and quickly adopted both the Turkic language and Islam.21
246145064Ilkhan KhanateOne of four regional subdivisions of the Mongol Empire after the death of Chinggis Khan; eventually included much of Abbasid Empire22
246145065Khanatea region of Mongol Empire, having its own leader, or khan, and government23
246145066Huleguruler of Ilkhan Khanate; grandson of Chinggis Khan; responsible for capture and destruction of Baghdad24
246145067MameluksMuslim slave warriors; established a dynasty in Egypt; defeated the Mongols at Ain Jalut in 1260 and halted Mongol advance25
246145068Kublai KhanMongolian emperor of China and grandson of Genghis Khan who completed his grandfather's conquest of China26
246145069Timur-i-LangLast major nomad leader; 14th-century Turkic ruler of Samarkand; launched attacks in Persia, Fertile Crescent, India, southern Russia; empire disintegrated after his death in 1405.27
246145070Ibn-RushdMuslim philosopher who blended Aristotle and Plato's views with Islam28
246145071AverroesArabian philosopher born in Spain29
246145072Ottoman Empirea Turkish sultanate of southwestern Asia and northeastern Africa and southeastern Europe30
246145073Cheng HoAdmiral (a Muslim Chinese) who commanded the great Indian Ocean expeditions between 1405 and 1433.31
246145074Humanismthe doctrine emphasizing a person's capacity for self-realization through reason32
246145075MughalsMongols of the Indian Subcontinent. This name was used because they were a mix of the Islamic Mongols and the native Hindus33
246145076Ethnocentrismbelief in the superiority of one's own ethnic group34
246145077ToltecsPowerful empire in central Mexico (900-1168 C.E.). It influenced much of Mesoamerica. Aztecs claimed ties to this earlier civilization.35
246145078AztecsThe Azetcs were a Native American Empire who lived in Mexico. Their capital was Tenochtitlan. Conquered by Cortes in 1521.36
246145079TenochtitlanAztec capital city, located in present-day Mexico City37
246145080CalpulliClans in Aztec society, later explanded to include residential groups that distributed land and provided labor and warriors38
246145081ChinampasRaised fields constructed along lake shores in Mesoamerica to increase agricultural yields.39
246145082TwantinsuyuInca Empire; region from present-day Columbia to Chile and eastward to northern Argentina40
246145083IncaLargest and most powerful Andean empire. Controlled the Pacific coast of South America from Ecuador to Chile from its capital of Cuzco.41
246145084Split InheritanceInca practice of descent; all titles and political power went to successor, but wealth and land remained in hands of male descendants for support of cult of dead Inca's mummy.42
246145085MitaIn the Incan empire, the requirement that all able-bodied subjects work for the state a certain number of days each year.43
246145086QuipuAn arrangement of knotted strings on a cord, used by the Inca to record numerical information.44

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