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| 3187227239 | Minoans | Earliest civilization on Crete (c.1600 BCE) | 0 | |
| 3187230654 | Myceneans | Earliest Greek civilization, conquered Crete from Minoans | 1 | |
| 3187235988 | Phoenicians | Seafaring civilization in Mediterranean and Aegean Seas | 2 | |
| 3187239420 | polis | Greek city-state | 3 | |
| 3187239421 | monarchy | Governing system led by a king; hereditary rule by one | 4 | |
| 3187242501 | aristocracy | Rule by upper class; characteristic of a governing system | 5 | |
| 3187245800 | oligarchy | Rule by a few; characteristic of a governing system | 6 | |
| 3187248028 | tyrant | One man rule; often but not always a military leader | 7 | |
| 3187251372 | Phonetic alphabet | Writing system which used 22 "letters" to make sounds | 8 | |
| 3187253266 | Homer | Blind Greek poet best known for the Iliad and Odyssey | 9 | |
| 3187256500 | hoplites | Heavily armed Greek infantry soldiers | 10 | |
| 3187258802 | secularism | Dealing with worldly, non-religious affairs | 11 | |
| 3187261116 | natural law | Forces of nature that causes phenomena to occur | 12 | |
| 3187263562 | Socrates | Athenian philosopher who focused on ethics and challenged authority | 13 | |
| 3187267461 | Plato | Athenian philosopher; student of Socrates | 14 | |
| 3187270013 | Aristotle | Greek philosopher and scientist from Stageira; student of Plato | 15 | |
| 3187276016 | Cyrus the Great | Persian warrior king | 16 | |
| 3187279029 | satraps | Persian governors in the provinces who answered to the king | 17 | |
| 3187281824 | Delian League | Greek alliance led by Pericles of Athens; formed after Persian Wars | 18 | |
| 3187289808 | Peloponnesian War | (431-404 BCE) civil war between Athens and Sparta; Sparta won | 19 | |
| 3187295015 | Alexander the Great | Macendonian king who conquered Persia, India, and Egypt | 20 | |
| 3187299033 | Hellenistic Age | (323-30 BCE) era of Macedonian control after Alexander the Great's death | 21 | |
| 3187301356 | republic | (res publica) "thing of the people", government run by elected officials, no monarch | 22 | |
| 3187305460 | senate | ruling body of elected officials in Rome | 23 | |
| 3187740233 | patricians | Aristocrats, upper-class in Rome | 24 | |
| 3187741867 | plebeians | Commoners, lower-class in Rome | 25 | |
| 3187748785 | consuls | Two executives chosen by the Roman Senate | 26 | |
| 3187752047 | tribunes | Representatives of the plebeians in government in Rome | 27 | |
| 3187760505 | Julius Caesar | Successful military general, conquered Gaul (France), became dictator | 28 | |
| 3187766051 | triumvirate | Rule of three: Julius Caesar, Crassus, Pompey | 29 | |
| 3187770188 | Caesar Augustus | Octavian (Caesar's nephew), name meant "revered one", first emperor of Rome | 30 | |
| 3187777378 | Law of Twelve Tables | Roman Republic's Laws | 31 | |
| 3187832995 | Pax Romana | 200 years of Roman peace | 32 | |
| 3187835102 | Punic Wars | (264-146 BCE) Wars of conquest fought between Rome and Carthage of Africa | 33 | |
| 3187847704 | Virgil | Roman poet, wrote the Aeneid | 34 | |
| 3187849821 | Livy | Roman historian | 35 | |
| 3187851342 | Diocletian | Roman emperor who divided the empire into two halves | 36 | |
| 3187856792 | Constantine | Roman emperor who established Constantinople and legalized Christianity | 37 | |
| 3187862874 | Period of Warring States | End of Zhou Dynasty, marked by civil war in China among warlords | 38 | |
| 3188100572 | Legalism | Chinese philosophy based on the assumption that all humans are evil and corrupt | 39 | |
| 3188126579 | Daoism | Chinese philosophy based on the belief in two opposing forces of nature and the Dao | 40 | |
| 3188131451 | Confucianism | Chinese philosophy based on the five key relationships and filial piety | 41 | |
| 3188156826 | Shi Huangdi | Qin ruler known as "China's first emperor", unified China using strict harsh rule | 42 | |
| 3188166345 | Han Wudi | Han emperor known for conquest and expansion of China | 43 | |
| 3188171821 | Forbidden City | Han capital in Chang'an, only emperor, his family and his close advisors | 44 | |
| 3188227731 | Scholar Gentry | Class of well-educated elite who worked for the Chinese government | 45 | |
| 3188232060 | Aryans | Indo-European invaders to India | 46 | |
| 3188234027 | Caste | Social class of hereditary status, no social mobility between classes | 47 | |
| 3188242290 | Brahmins | Hindu priests; highest social class in the Caste system | 48 | |
| 3188257267 | Kshatriya | Hindu warriors and rulers; second social class in the Caste system | 49 | |
| 3188245724 | Vaishya | Hindu merchants, artisans and farmers, third social class in the Caste system | 50 | |
| 3188263061 | Shudras | Hindu peasants, lowest social class in the Caste system | 51 | |
| 3188265363 | jati | subgroups of families within a caste | 52 | |
| 3188275001 | Upanishads | writings which reflect Aryan and Dravidian beliefs; commentaries on the Vedas | 53 | |
| 3188280882 | reincarnation | rebirth of the soul in another life after death | 54 | |
| 3188282504 | Hinduism | Polytheistic religion, begun as a combination of Aryan and Dravidian beliefs | 55 | |
| 3188289744 | Buddhism | Athiest religion/philosophy, began by Siddharta Gautama | 56 | |
| 3188298325 | Siddharta Gautuma | Nepalese prince, founder of Buddhism; first Buddha | 57 | |
| 3188301121 | Asoka | Third ruler of the Mauryan dynasty, converted/spread Buddhism | 58 | |
| 3188308505 | Chandra Gupta (Gupta Empire, not Maurya Dynasty) | Founder of the Gupta dynasty | 59 |
