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| 184404822 | Alexis Romanov | Second Romanov tsar; abolished assemblies of nobles; gained new powers over Russian Orthodox Church. | 0 | |
| 184404823 | Charlemagne | Charles the Great; Carolingian monarch who established substantial empire in France and Germany c. 800. | 1 | |
| 184404824 | Charles Martel | Carolingian monarch of Franks; responsible for defeating Muslims in the battle of Tours in 732; ended Muslim threat to western Europe. | 2 | |
| 184404825 | Empress Wu | Tang ruler 690- 705 C.E. in China; supported Buddhist establishment; tried to elevate Buddhism to state religion; had multistory statues of Buddhas created. | 3 | |
| 184404826 | Clovis | Early Frankish king; converted Franks to Christianity c. 496; allowed establishment of Frankish kingdom. | 4 | |
| 184404827 | Macchiavelli | Author of The Prince; emphasized realistic discussions of how to seize and maintain power; one of the most influential authors of the Renaissance. | 5 | |
| 184404828 | Mary Wollstonecraft | Enlightenment feminist thinker in England; argued that new political rights should extend to women. | 6 | |
| 184404829 | Peter Abelard | Author of Yes and No; university scholar who applied logic to problems of theology; demonstrated logical contradictions within established doctrine. | 7 | |
| 184404830 | Bernard Clairvaux | A monk who challenged Abelard. He stressed the importance of mystical union with God and God's truth must be received through faith alone. | 8 | |
| 184404831 | John Locke | English philosopher during 17th century; argued that people could learn everything through senses and reason; argued that power of government came from the people, not divine right of kings; offered possibility of revolution to overthrow tyrants. | 9 | |
| 184404832 | Henry the Navigator | Portuguese prince responsible for direction of series of expeditions along African coast in the 15th century; marked beginning of western European expansion. | 10 | |
| 184404833 | Giotto | A Florentine painter who painted a realistic fly on Cimabue's painting | 11 | |
| 184404834 | William the Conqueror | Invaded England from Normandy in 1066; extended tight feudal system of England; established administrative system based on sheriffs; established centralized monarchy. | 12 | |
| 184404835 | Adam Smith | Established liberal economics (His book, Wealth of Nations); argued that government should avoid regulation of economy in favor of operation of market forces. | 13 | |
| 184404836 | Thomas Aquinas | Creator of one of the great syntheses of medieval learning; taught at the University of Paris; author of several Summas; believed that through reason it was possible to know much about natural order, moral law, and the nature of God. | 14 | |
| 184404837 | Ashikaga Takuaji | Member of the Minamoto family; overthrew the Kamakura regime and established the Ashikaga Shogunate from 1336- 1573; drove emperor from Kyoto to Yoshino. | 15 | |
| 184404838 | Justinian | Eastern Roman Emperor between 527 and 565 C.E.; tried to restore unity of old Roman Empire; issued most famous compilation of Roman law. | 16 | |
| 184404839 | Catherine the Great | German-born Russian tsarina in the 18th century; ruled after assassination of her husband; gave appearance of enlightened rule; accepted Western cultural influence; maintained nobility as service aristocracy by granting them new power over peasantry. | 17 | |
| 184404840 | Ivan III | Also know as Ivan the Great; prince of Duchy of Moscow; claimed descent from Rurik; responsible for freeing Russia from Mongols after 1462; took title of tsar or Caesar-equivalent of emperor. | 18 | |
| 184404841 | Ivan IV | Also known as Ivan the Terrible; confirmed power of tsarist aristocracy by attacking authority of boyars (aristocracy); continued policy of Russian expansion; established contacts with western European commerce and culture. | 19 | |
| 184404842 | Frederick the Great | Prussian king of the 18th century; attempted to introduce Enlightenment reforms into Germany; built on military and bureaucratic foundations of his predecessors; introduced freedom of religion; increased state control of economy. | 20 | |
| 184404843 | Sundiata | The "Lion-Prince"; a member of the Keita clan; created a unified state that became the Mali Empire; died about 1260. | 21 | |
| 184404844 | Mansa Musa | One of Sundiata's successors who made a pilgrimage to Mecca to 1324 and brought the attention of the Muslim world to Mali. | 22 | |
| 184404845 | Alexander the Great | Successor of the Philip II; successfully conquered Persian Empire prior to his death in 323 B.C.E.; attempted to combine Greek and Persian cultures. | 23 | |
| 184404846 | Diocletian | Roman Emperor from 284 to 305 C.E.; restored later empire by improved administration and tax collection. | 24 | |
| 184404847 | Constantine | Roman emperor from 312 to 337 C.E.; established second capital at Constantinople; attempted to use religious force of CHristianity to unify empire spiritually. | 25 | |
| 184404848 | Yoritomo Minimoto | Leader of the victorious Minamoto who weakened regime. He killed many family members to protect his throne. | 26 | |
| 184404849 | William Harvey | English physician who demonstrated circular movement of blood in animals, function of heart as pump. | 27 | |
| 184404850 | Martin Luther | German monk; initiated Protestant Reformation in 1517 by nailing 95 theses to door of the Wittenberg church emphasized primacy of faith over works stressed in Catholic Church; accepted state control of church. | 28 | |
| 184404851 | Jean Calvin | French Protestant who stressed doctrine of predestination; established center of his group at Swiss canton of Geneva ; encouraged ideas of wider access to government, wider public education ; Calvinism spread from Switzerland to northern Europe and North America. | 29 | |
| 184404852 | Abbasids | The people who stated their own dynasty. They defeated the Umayyads as caliphs within Islam. | 30 | |
| 184404853 | Muhammad | Prophet of Islam; born c. 570 to Banu Hashim clan of Quraysh tribe in Mecca; raised by father's family; received revelations from Allah in 610 C.E. and thereafter; died in 632. | 31 | |
| 184404854 | Shi'as | Also known as Shi'ites; political and theological division within Islam; followers of Ali. | 32 | |
| 184404855 | Sunnis | Political and theological division within Islam; followers of the Umayyads. | 33 | |
| 184404856 | Almoravids | A puritanical reformist movement among the Islamic Berber tribes of Northern Africa; controlled gold trade across Sahara; conquered Ghana in 1076; moved southward against African kingdoms of the savanna and westward into Spain. | 34 | |
| 184404857 | Almohadis | A reformist movement among the Islamic Berbers of northern Africa; later than the Almoravids; penetrated into Sub-Sahara Africa. | 35 | |
| 184404858 | Benedict of Nursia | Founder of monasticism in what had been the western half of the Roman Empire; established Benedictine Rule in the 6th century; paralleled development of Basil's rule in Byzantine Empire. | 36 | |
| 184404859 | Cyril & Methodius | Missionaries sent by the Byzantine Government to eastern Europe and the Balkans ; converted southern Russia and Balkans to Orthodox Christianity; responsible for creation of written script for Slavic called Cyrillic. | 37 | |
| 184404860 | Inca | Group of clans centered at Cuzco that were able to create empire incorporating various Andean cultures; term also used for leader of empire. | 38 | |
| 184404861 | Zhenghe | Chinese Muslim admiral who commanded series of Indian Ocean, Persian Gulf, and the Red Sea trade expeditions under third Ming emperor, Yunglo, between 1405 and 1433; only Chinese attempt to create worldwide trade empire. | 39 | |
| 184404862 | Kublai Khan | Grandson of Chinggis Khan; commander of Mongol forces responsible for conquest of China; became khagan in 1260; established Sinicized Mongol Yuan dynasty in China in 1271. | 40 | |
| 184404863 | Chinggis Khan | Born in 1170s in decades following the death of Kubal Khan; elected khangan of all Mongol tribes in 1206; responsible for conquest of northern kingdoms in China, territories as far west as the Abbasid regions; died in 1227. prior to the conquest of most of the Islamic world. | 41 | |
| 184404864 | Denis Diderot | A leader of the French Enlightenment. He worked on the Encyclopédie. | 42 | |
| 184404865 | Erasmus | A philosopher who was one of the fathers of humanism. | 43 | |
| 184404866 | Botticelli | A Renaissance Artist who painted The Birth of Venus and Primavera. | 44 | |
| 184404867 | Francis Bacon | A scientist who came up with the scientific method. | 45 | |
| 184404868 | Aztecs | A group of people after the Toltecs who settled at Lake Texcoco. | 46 | |
| 184404869 | Leonardo da Vinci | A scientist and artist. He painted The Last Supper. He also drew the Virtruvian Man | 47 | |
| 184405629 | Sufis | Mystics within Islam; responsible for expansion of Islam to southeastern Europe. | 48 | |
| 184405630 | Peter III | He was emperor who was assassinated by his wife, Catherine the Great. | 49 |
