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Pre-Ap World History Flashcards

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5720751363CharlemagneFounder of empire thats now France, Germany. loved battle and a successful conqueror0
5720751364VikingsScandinavian peoples whose sailors raided Europe from 700s through the 1100s1
5720751365Feudal ContractExchange of pledges between lords and vassals2
5720751366FiefAn estate granted by a powerful lord3
5720751367KnightA European noble who served as a mounted warrior4
5720751368SerfA peasant bound to the lords land5
5720751369Black DeathAn Epidemic or the bubonic plague that raged through Europe in the 1300s6
5720751370HumanismAn intellectual movement that focused on educations and the classics7
5720751371HumanitiesStudy of subjects such as grammar,rhetoric poetry and history8
5720751372PatronA person who provides financial support for the arts9
5720751373PerspectiveArtistic technique used to give paintings and drawings a 3D effect10
5720751374VernacularEveryday language of ordinary people11
5720751375Leonardo Da vinciItalian Artist, Ideal Renaissance man due to his talents, Mona Lisa and the Last supper12
5720751376MichelangeloItalian Painter, Known for sculptures and engineering, architecture and poems13
5720751377RaphaelRenaissance painter who blended Christian and classic styles, one of the Madonna and school of Athens14
5720751378CastiglioneItalian courtier, diplomat and writer, Book of Courtier-advice of manners, etc.15
5720751379MachiavelliRenaissance political philosopher, statesman and writer. The Prince-guide for rulers keeping power16
5720751380GutenbergInvented the printing press and was the first to complete edition of the Christian Bible17
5720751381Albrecht DurerTraveled to Italy to study works of other Italian artists and applied them to his own, went to spread renaissance to Northern Europe18
5720751382ErasmusDutch Humanist l who used knowledge to produce Greek edition of New Testament.19
5720751383Sir Thomas MoreEnglish Humanist that pressed for social and economic reforms, wrote utopia20
5720751384UtopianIdealistic or visionary, used to describe perfect society21
5720751385Shakespherebest poet and play-writer in renaissance literature22
5720751386IndulgenceA type of pardon that lessened the time of punishment a soul faced for the sins committed during a persons lifetime23
572075138795 thesesArguments against indulgences24
5720751388Martin LutherChanged church teachings with the 95 theses, led to excommunication and development of Lutherism25
5720751389Charles VItaly-Roman emperor who summoned Luther to diet of worms26
5720751390DietAssembly of legislature27
5720751391John CalvinInfluenced by Erasmus, joined Protestant reformation, interpretation of Christian doctrine is called calvinism28
5720751392PredestinationCalvinist belief of god determined who would gain salvation29
5720751393TheocracyGovernment run by religious leaders30
5720751394King Henry VIIIBreak with the Catholic Church was political; desired an annulment then used wealth to gain support31
5720751395Divine rightIdea that a rulers authority came directly from god32
5720751396Absolute monarchyA ruler has complete authority over the government and lives with those who he/she governs33
5720751397HuguenotsFrench Protestants of the 1500s-1600s34
5720751398Edict of NantesGranted the Huguenots religious toleration and other freedoms35
5720751399Cardinal RichelluConsidered as one of the greatest politicians in history, played important role in France history36
5720751400Louis XIVServed as King of France and is considered as symbol of absolute monarchy37
5720751401VersaillesA time where thinkers produced new ideas about government and basic rights38
5720751402EnlightenmentA time where thinkers produced new ideas about government and basic human rights39
5720751403John LockeProlific writer on political philosophy,proposed people are born with certain natural rights that can't be taken away40
5720751404Thomas HobbesAn influential political philosopher known as leviathan41
5720751405Social contractAn agreement where people gave up their freedom to a powerful government in order to avoid chaos42
5720751406Natural rightsRights that belongs to all humans from birth such as life , liberty and property43
5720751407PhilosophersFrench thinkers who desired reform in society during the enlightenment44
5720751408MontesquieuStudied governments of Europe and disagreed with absolute monarchy, wrote Persian letters that made fun of French government45
5720751409VoltaireImpassioned poet, historian, essayist and wrote with cutting sarcasm and wit, wrote about political and religious freedom46
5720751410RousseauRevolutionized thought in politics and ethics, impact on how parents educated their children, influenced people's taste in music and arts. Society placed influences on people's behavior47
5720751411Adam SmithKnown for "inquiry into the nature and causes of the wealth of nations", arguments for free markets has helped shape productive economies around the world48
5720751412Laissez-Fairepolicy allowing business to operate with little or no government interference49
5720751413Free MarketMarket regulated by the natural laws of supply and demand50
5720751414Free enterprise systemCommerce and business compete for profit with little or no government interference51
5720751415CensorshipRestriction on access to ideas and information52
5720751416SalonsInformational social gatherings at which writers, artists, philosophers and others exchanged ideas53
5720751417Enlightened despotsAbsolute ruler who used their power to bring political and social change54
5720751418Joseph IIMost radial enlightenment despots, abolished serfdom and encouraged of the press55
5720751419Ancient RegimeOld order system of government in pre-revolutionary France, everyone belonged to one of 3 estates56
5720751420EstatesSocial classes (3 of them)57
5720751421BourgeoiseMiddle class, included bankers, merchants, lawyers, manufacturers etc.58
5720751422Deficit spendingGovernment spends more money then it takes in59
5720751423Louis XVIKing of pre-revolutionary France, failed to support his ministers, agreed to summon estates-general, branded as a traitor and was executed60
5720751424Jacques NeckerWas a director of the French treasury before the revolution and attempted to reform the countries finances, finance expert61
5720751425Estates-GeneralLegislative body made up of made up of the representatives of the three estates in pre-revolutionary France62
5720751426CahiersNotebook used in pre-revolutionary to record grievances63
5720751427Tennis Court OathFamous oath made on a tennis court by the third estate. (Don't do anything till a new constitution is creates)64
5720751428BastilleFortress in Paris used a prison; French Revolution began when Parisians invaded it65
5720751429FactionA group of clique within a larger group that has different ideas and opinions66
5720751430Marquis De lafayetteA French noble, fought with the Americans in the revolutionary war67
5720751431Marie Antionettecareless ways, conducts and various scandals helped harm the monarchy. Wife of Louis XVI68
5720751432EmigreA person who flees his or her country for political reasons69
5720751433Sans-CullotesMembers of working class who made French Revolution more radical70
5720751434JacobinsMembers of a radical political club during the French Revolution71
5720751435SuffrageThe right to vote72
5720751436Maximilian RobespierreElected to estates-general, became members of jacobins, committee of public safety, started the reign of terror73
5720751437Reign or TerrorTime period during the French Revolution when people in France were arrested not supporting the Revolution and were executed74
5720751438GuillotineDevice used during the reign of terror to execute thousands by beheading75
5721114608NapoleonMilitary genius who was elected consul for life, elected himself as leader for France76
5721114609NationalismA strong feeling of pride and devotion to ones country77
5721114610Plebiscitea ballot in which voters have a direct say on an issue78
5721114611Napoleonic Rule79
5721114612Napoleonic Wars80
5721114613Contextual System81
5721114614Guerrilla Warfare82
5721114615Abdicated83
5721114616Congress of Vienna84
5721114617Legitmacy85
5721114618Concert of Europe86
5721114619Capital87
5721114620Enterprise88
5721114621Entrepreneur89
5721114622Free market90
5721114623Socialism91
5721114624Means if production92
5721114625Robert owen93
5721114626Karl marx94
5721114627Communism95
5721114628Proletariat96
5721114629Social demcracy97
5721114630Otto van Bismarck98
5721114631Chancellor99
5721114632Realpolitik100
5721114633Kaiser101
5721114634Reichkulterkampf102
5721114635Social Welfare103
5721114636Francis Joseph104
5721114637Dual Monarchy105
5721114638Imperalism106
5721114639Protecterate107
5721114640Sphere of Influence108
5721114641Sati109
5721114642Sepoys110
5721114643Viceroy111
5721114644Ram Mohun Roy112
5721114645Trade Surplus113
5721114646Trade Deficit114
5721114647Opium war115
5721114648Indemnity116
5721114649Extraterritoriality117
5721114650Taiping Rebellion118
5721114651Sino-Japanese War119
5721114652Open door policy120
5721114653Boxer uprising121
5721114654Sun Yixian122
5721114655Matthew Perry123
5721114656Meiji Restoration124
5721114657Zaibatsu125
5721114658Homogenous society126
5721114659First Sino-Japanese127
5721114660Russo-Japanese war128
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