Terms : Hide Images
| 2056614637 | Renaissance | rebirth | 0 | |
| 2056614638 | Humanism | cultural movement that sought to revive the classics | 1 | |
| 2056614639 | Secularism | concern for worldly, not religious, matters | 2 | |
| 2056614640 | Utopia | a model society where greed, corruption, and war are nonexistent | 3 | |
| 2056614641 | Thomas More | wrote Utopia; vocal critic of the Church; refused Henry VIII's Act of Supremacy and was executed | 4 | |
| 2056614642 | Johann Gutenberg | a German who invented the movable type printing press in 1404 | 5 | |
| 2056614643 | John Calvin | religious theologian; founder of Calvinist thought; spiritual leader of Geneva, Switzerland; believed in predestination; one of the most powerful Christian reformers | 6 | |
| 2056614644 | Henry VIII | King of England who married six times; known as the "Defender of the Faith"; issued the Act of Supremacy in order to divorce Catherine of Aragon | 7 | |
| 2056614645 | Ignatius of Loyola | author of Spiritual Exercises; gathered followers called Jesuits; Jesuits spread Catholicism throughout Europe | 8 | |
| 2056614646 | Martin Luther | became a monk after a near death experience; protested Johan Tetzel's selling of indulgences; nailed his 95 Theses to the door of the Church | 9 | |
| 2056614647 | Indulgence | a monetary gift for forgiveness | 10 | |
| 2056614648 | Reformation | the action or process of reforming an institution or practice | 11 | |
| 2056614649 | Protestant Reformation | a 16th-century movement for the reform of abuses in the Roman Catholic Church | 12 | |
| 2056614650 | Edict of Worms | issued by Holy Roman Emperor Charles V declaring Martin Luther a heretic | 13 | |
| 2056614651 | Heretic | a person holding an opinion at odds with what is generally accepted; a liar | 14 | |
| 2056614652 | Elizabeth I | restored Protestantism; was made the head of the newly set up Anglican Church; reformed the church to appeal to Catholics and Protestants | 15 | |
| 2056614653 | Catholic Reformation | a counter reformation by the Catholics in order to keep members | 16 | |
| 2056614654 | Council of Trent | council of the Roman Catholic Church that condemned the Reformation | 17 | |
| 2056614655 | Scientific Revolution | the new way of thinking about the natural world | 18 | |
| 2056614656 | Geocentric Theory | Earth is the center of the universe and everything revolves around it | 19 | |
| 2056614657 | Heliocentric Theory | the sun is the center of the universe and everything revolves around it | 20 | |
| 2056614658 | Galileo | early practitioner of the experimental method; law of inertia; improved the telescope and discovered moons, rings, and solar rotation; ordered to trial before the Roman Inquisition under the charges of heresy | 21 | |
| 2056614659 | Brahe | recorded movements of the planets for many years; finished what Copernicus started | 22 | |
| 2056614660 | Kepler | student of Brahe; mathematical proved Rudolphin Tables, thus proving Copernicus right | 23 | |
| 2056614661 | Scientific Method | logical procedure for gathering information; includes experimentation, observation, hypothesis, etc. | 24 | |
| 2056614662 | Enlightenment | Age of Reason | 25 | |
| 2056614663 | Thomas Hobbes | came up with the social contract idea; believed that humans were naturally selfish and wicked; wrote the Leviathan; best form of government was absolute monarchy | 26 | |
| 2056614664 | Leviathan | written by Thomas Hobbes | 27 | |
| 2056614665 | Social Contract | people could give up some of their rights to a stray leader to escape wickedness and war | 28 | |
| 2056614666 | John Locke | believed people are born with natural rights; when government imposes on rights, people have a right to overthrow the government; believed government's power came from the people (foundation of democracy) | 29 | |
| 2056614667 | Philosophes | believed that reason could be applied to all aspects of life | 30 | |
| 2056614668 | 5 Core Beliefs of Philosophes | reason, nature, happiness, progress, and liberty | 31 | |
| 2056614669 | Voltaire | most brilliant and intellectual philosophy; advocated freedom of speech and religion; wrote over 70 books; used satire against his opponents | 32 | |
| 2056614670 | Montesquieu | proposed that separation of powers would keep any individual from becoming too powerful (checks and balances); his ideas became the basis for the US Constitution | 33 | |
| 2056614671 | Rousseau | published the Social Contract; argued that people were equal and titles of nobility should be abolished; committed to personal freedom; believed only good government was guided by the general will of society | 34 | |
| 2056614672 | Mary Wollstonecraft | disagreed with Rousseau that women's education should be secondary to men; argued that women need education to become virtuous and useful to society; believed that women should be in politics | 35 | |
| 2056614673 | Salon | wealthy homes where philosophers, writers, artists, scientists, and intellects would meet to discuss new ideas | 36 | |
| 2056614674 | Diderot | created an encyclopedia (a large set of books with articles and essays from European scholars and intellects) | 37 | |
| 2056614675 | Encyclopedia | a large set of books with articles and essays from European scholars and intellects | 38 | |
| 2056614676 | Baroque | a very grand and ornate style (1600-1750) | 39 | |
| 2056614677 | The Enlightened Despots | monarchs who accepted and implemented Enlightenment thought | 40 | |
| 2056614678 | Thomas Jefferson | wrote the Declaration of Independence | 41 | |
| 2056614679 | Declaration of Independence | based on the concepts of John Locke and other Enlightenment thought | 42 | |
| 2056614680 | Bill of Rights | added to the Constitution as the first 10 Amendments | 43 | |
| 2056614681 | Blockade | sealing off of a place to prevent goods or people from entering or leaving | 44 | |
| 2056614682 | Old Regime | term given to the period when the French government consisted of an absolute monarch, 3 estates, and a legislative branch called the estates general | 45 | |
| 2056614683 | Tennis Court Oath | signed and created by the National Assembly vowing that they wouldn't stop meeting until there was a French constitution | 46 | |
| 2056614684 | Bourgeoisie | upper part of the 3rd Estate; moderately wealthy; professors, merchants, doctors, lawyers | 47 | |
| 2056614685 | Louis XVI | king of France during the French Revolution | 48 | |
| 2056614686 | Marie Antoinette | wife of Louis XVI | 49 | |
| 2056614687 | National Assembly | 3rd Estate; signed the Tennis Court Oath | 50 | |
| 2056614688 | Robespierre | officer of the Committee of Public Safety; lead the Reign of Terror | 51 | |
| 2056614689 | Reign of Terror | the period of time when Robespierre controlled the Committee of Public Safety; lasted from July 1793 to July 1794; 40,000 people died (majority were peasants) | 52 | |
| 2056614690 | Émigré | the nobility who fled during the French Revolution | 53 | |
| 2056614691 | Napoleon Bonaparte | military general who conquered most of Europe and created a 3 man consulate in France; reorganized government and society and created public schools to train the military; helped economy with the Bank of France, encouraged industry, and created public works | 54 | |
| 2056614692 | Nationalism | pride, love, and devotion to one's country | 55 | |
| 2056614693 | Sans-culottes | working class men and women | 56 | |
| 2056614694 | Waterloo | Battle of Waterloo was the end of the Napoleonic Wars; French defeated by British Duke of Wellington; Napoleon exiled to St. Helena; died at age 51 | 57 | |
| 2056614695 | Battle of the Nations | Russia launched an invasion of France with allies Great Britain, Prussia, Austria, and Sweden | 58 | |
| 2056614696 | Congress of Vienna | European diplomats met at Vienna to discuss France and redraw boundaries | 59 | |
| 2056614697 | James Watt | improved the steam engine and perfected the first efficient, practical one | 60 | |
| 2056614698 | Richard Arkwright | invented the water frame | 61 | |
| 2056614699 | Henry Bessemer | came up with the Bessemer process, which allowed steel to be made faster, cheaper, and stronger | 62 | |
| 2056614700 | John Dalton | developed the modern atomic theory; showed how atoms combine to make all chemical substances | 63 | |
| 2056614701 | Louis Pasteur | Germ Theory: proved the link between microbes and disease; developed vaccines against rabies and anthrax; discovered pasteurization | 64 | |
| 2056614702 | Capitalism | an economic and political system in which a country's trade and industry are controlled by private owners for profit, rather than by the state | 65 | |
| 2056614703 | Communism | an economic and political system in which workers are paid based on abilities and needs; all property is publicly owned | 66 | |
| 2056614704 | Karl Marx | wrote the Communist Manifesto; believed entire course of history was a struggle between the haves and the have nots | 67 | |
| 2056614705 | Robert Fulton | improved Watt's steam engine to power the first steamboat | 68 | |
| 2056614706 | Adam Smith | wrote The Wealth of Nations and advocated free enterprise driven by two natural laws: law of supply and demand and competition | 69 | |
| 2056614707 | Factory | a building where goods are manufactured | 70 | |
| 2056614708 | Tenement | multistory buildings divided into crowded apartments | 71 | |
| 2056614709 | Otto von Bismarck | Chancellor of Prussia in 1862; united the German states under Prussia; master of Realpolitik; strengthened the army in order to pursue an aggressive foreign policy; led Prussia to a series of 3 wars | 72 | |
| 2056614710 | Giuseppe Garibaldi | created the "Red Shirts"; took Sicily and Naples; united his troops and conquered territory with Sardinia | 73 | |
| 2056614711 | Giuseppe Mazzini | founded the nationalist group Young Italy; set the stage for nationalism | 74 | |
| 2056614712 | William II | asked Bismarck to resign; provided services such as programs for social welfare, cheap transportation, and electricity; launched campaign to expand the navy to rival GB | 75 | |
| 2056614713 | Imperialism | extending the rule of an empire or nation to a foreign country | 76 | |
| 2056614714 | Extraterritoriality | the right to live under a native country's laws while in China | 77 | |
| 2056614715 | Indemnity | war costs | 78 | |
| 2056614716 | Conference of Berlin | conference deciding which nations would get what amount of land in Africa | 79 | |
| 2056614717 | American resentment towards the British increased over what? | British expected the colonists to pay war costs from the French and Indian War; unpopular tax acts and trade restrictions | 80 | |
| 2056614718 | The bourgeoisie belonged to what group? | 3rd Estate | 81 | |
| 2056614719 | How did Henry VIII react when the pope refused to grant an annulment? | created the Act of Supremacy; citizens must renounce the Pope's authority and accept Henry as the official leader of the Church | 82 | |
| 2056614720 | Why did Martin Luther criticize the Church? | protested the selling of indulgences | 83 | |
| 2056614721 | France's economy was mainly supported by who? | the 3rd Estate (they paid most of the taxes) | 84 | |
| 2056614722 | What was the most important source of power for the Industrial Revolution? | steam | 85 | |
| 2056614723 | What was the Great Fear? | France's worst famine caused by the political crisis of 1789 | 86 | |
| 2056614724 | What group led the way in the Agricultural Revolution? | Dutch | 87 | |
| 2056614725 | What were the reforms of the Council of Trent? | the Church's interpretation of the Bible was final, and anyone opposing would be declared a heretic | 88 | |
| 2056614726 | What were the causes of the American Revolution? | British expected colonists to pay war costs from the French and Indian War; unpopular tax acts and trade restrictions | 89 | |
| 2056614727 | What was the Conference of Berlin? | meeting in Berlin to discuss European rule in Africa | 90 | |
| 2056614728 | In what industry did the Industrial Revolution first take place? | textile | 91 | |
| 2056614729 | The Declaration of Independence reflects whose ideas? | John Locke | 92 | |
| 2056614730 | Where did the poor city dwellers live in the early 19th century? | tenements | 93 | |
| 2056614731 | Why was Darwin's theory of Evolution so controversial? | it did not match up with the Biblical story of creation | 94 | |
| 2056614732 | What was Otto von Bismarck most noted for? | united the German states under Prussia | 95 | |
| 2056614733 | What was the result of the Franco-Prussian war? | Prussia defeated France and gained Alsace and Lorraine | 96 | |
| 2056614734 | What were the terms of the Treaty of Kanagawa? | Japan would open up 2 ports, but not for trade; ships would be allowed to refuel and resupply; shipwrecked sailors would receive humane treatment; trade would be negotiated at a later date | 97 | |
| 2056614736 | The Romantic Movement was a reaction against what? | the Enlightenment | 98 | |
| 2056614735 | What feature of city life had the greatest impact on the poor? | sanitation | 99 | |
| 2056614737 | What is Kulturkampf? | a conflict between cultures | 100 | |
| 2056614738 | William II pursued a policy aimed at what? | winning overseas colonies for Germany | 101 | |
| 2056614739 | Who is responsible for free market capitalism? | Adam Smith? | 102 |
