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| 5247998097 | cell | collection of living matter enclosed by a barrier that separates the cell from its surroundings; basic unit of all forms of life | 0 | |
| 5247998098 | cell theory | idea that all living things are composed of cells, cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things, and new cells are produced from existing cells | 1 | |
| 5247998099 | nucleus | the center of the atom which contains the protons and neutrons; in cells, structure that contains the cell's genetic material (DNA) and controls the cell's activities | 2 | |
| 5248000046 | eukaryote | organism whose cells contain nuclei | 3 | |
| 5248000047 | prokaryote | unicellular organism lacking a nucleus | 4 | |
| 5248007250 | organelle | specialized structure that performs important cellular functions within a eukaryotic cell | 5 | |
| 5248007251 | cytoplasm | material inside the cell membrane—not including the nucleus | 6 | |
| 5248007252 | nuclear envelope | layer of two membranes that surrounds the nucleus of a cell | 7 | |
| 5248009118 | chromatin | granular material visible within the nucleus; consists of DNA tightly coiled around proteins | 8 | |
| 5248013541 | chromosome | threadlike structure within the nucleus containing the genetic information that is passed from one generation of cells to the next | 9 | |
| 5248013542 | nucleolus | small, dense region within most nuclei in which the assembly of proteins begins | 10 | |
| 5248015475 | ribosome | small particle in the cell on which proteins are assembled; made of RNA and protein | 11 | |
| 5248017830 | endoplasmic reticulum | internal membrane system in cells in which lipid components of the cell membrane are assembled and some proteins are modified | 12 | |
| 5248020132 | Golgi apparatus | stack of membranes in the cell that modifies, sorts, and packages proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum | 13 | |
| 5248023880 | lysosome | cell organelle filled with enzymes needed to break down certain materials in the cell | 14 | |
| 5248023881 | vacuole | cell organelle that stores materials such as water, salts, proteins, and carbohydrates | 15 | |
| 5248025382 | mitochondrion | cell organelle that converts the chemical energy stored in food into compounds that are more convenient for the cell to use | 16 | |
| 5248025383 | chloroplast | organelle found in cells of plants and some other organisms that captures the energy from sunlight and converts it into chemical energy | 17 | |
| 5248025384 | cytoskeleton | network of protein filaments within some cells that helps the cell maintain its shape and is involved in many forms of cell movement | 18 | |
| 5248028052 | centriole | one of two tiny structures located in the cytoplasm of animal cells near the nuclear envelope | 19 | |
| 5248031683 | cell membrane | thin, flexible barrier around a cell; regulates what enters and leaves the cell | 20 | |
| 5248031684 | cell wall | strong supporting layer around the cell membrane in plants, algae, and some bacteria | 21 | |
| 5248033060 | lipid bilayer | double-layered sheet that forms the core of nearly all cell membranes | 22 | |
| 5248033061 | concentration | the mass of solute in a given volume of solution, or mass/volume | 23 | |
| 5248036595 | diffusion | process by which molecules tend to move from an area where they are more concentrated to an area where they are less concentrated | 24 | |
| 5248040099 | equilibrium | when the concentration of a solute is the same throughout a solution | 25 | |
| 5248040100 | osmosis | diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane | 26 | |
| 5248042155 | isotonic | when the concentration of two solutions is the same | 27 | |
| 5248043925 | hypertonic | when comparing two solutions, the solution with the greater concentration of solutes | 28 | |
| 5248045968 | hypotonic | when comparing two solutions, the solution with the lesser concentration of solutes | 29 | |
| 5248045969 | facilitated diffusion | movement of specific molecules across cell membranes through protein channels | 30 | |
| 5248047790 | active transport | energy-requiring process that moves material across a cell membrane against a concentration difference | 31 | |
| 5248047791 | endocytosis | process by which a cell takes material into the cell by infolding of the cell membrane | 32 | |
| 5248047792 | phagocytosis | process in which extensions of cytoplasm surround and engulf large particles and take them into the cell | 33 | |
| 5248049762 | pinocytosis | process by which a cell takes in liquid from the surrounding environment | 34 | |
| 5248051245 | exocytosis | process by which a cell releases large amounts of material | 35 | |
| 5248054949 | cell specialization | the process in which cells develop in different ways to perform different tasks | 36 | |
| 5248054950 | tissue | group of similar cells that perform a particular function | 37 | |
| 5248054951 | organ | group of tissues that work together to perform closely related functions | 38 | |
| 5248056749 | organ system | group of organs that work together to perform a specific function | 39 |
