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| 6635492481 | Memory | the retention of information over time. | 0 | |
| 6635497148 | Reconstructive memory | when remembering, we actively reconstruct memories, not passively reproduce them. | 1 | |
| 6635503842 | Three memory model | Sensory, short term, long term | 2 | |
| 6635511522 | iconic Memory | visual, and they last for about a second | 3 | |
| 6635534895 | emotional intelligence | The ability to understand our own and others' emotions, then apply that information | 4 | |
| 6635543436 | convergent creativity | Capacity to generate the single best solution to a problem | 5 | |
| 6635545718 | divergent creativity | Capacity to generate many different solutions to a problem | 6 | |
| 6635561006 | The Flynn Effect | average IQ scores have been increasing at a rate of about 3 points per decade | 7 | |
| 6635569278 | What hypotheses have psychologists suggested to attempt to explain the Flynn effect | Increased test sophistication over time, Increased complexity of the modern world, Better nutrition, Changes at home and school (smaller families; more educational resources) | 8 | |
| 6635578591 | Women tend to do better than men on some ... | verbal tasks | 9 | |
| 6635582962 | Men tend to do better than women on some ... | spatial tasks | 10 | |
| 6635591311 | What are some of the environmental influences that impact IQ? | Schooling is related to high IQ scores, Research suggests that both poverty and nutrition are causally related to IQ. | 11 | |
| 6635603368 | What do twin and adoption studies tell us about the roles of nature and nurture in IQ? | At least some of the tendency for IQ to run in families is genetically influenced, There is also convincing evidence of environmental effects on IQ. | 12 | |
| 6635615547 | reliability in IQ testing | Reasonably stable in adulthood, Not especially stable in infancy or early childhood (before age 3) | 13 | |
| 6635621511 | validity in IQ testing | IQ scores predict a variety of important real-world outcomes like Academic performance, Job performance, and Physical health | 14 | |
| 6635634638 | How are Culture-Fair IQ tests different from other tests? | Culture-Fair IQ Tests Consist of abstract-reasoning items that don't depend on language | 15 | |
| 6635652296 | WAIS | Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale Consists of 15 subtests that give five scores: Overall IQ, Verbal comprehension, Perceptual reasoning, Working memory, Processing speed | 16 | |
| 6635670208 | WISC | Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children | 17 | |
| 6635681398 | WPPSI | Wechsler Primary and Preschool Scale of Intelligence | 18 | |
| 6635691320 | The Eugenics Movement | Encouraged people with "good" genes to reproduce | 19 | |
| 6635750787 | Who first introduced the idea of the eugenics movement? | Sir Francis Galton | 20 | |
| 6635760294 | Negative effects of the eugenics movement | Intelligence tests were unfairly used to prevent immigrants from entering the U.S. | 21 | |
| 6635778208 | IQ equation | Mental age /Chronological age X 100 | 22 | |
| 6635793594 | deviation IQ | the expression of a person's IQ relative to his or her same-aged peers | 23 | |
| 6635675761 | Retrieval | Reactivation or reconstructive of experiences from our memory stores | 24 | |
| 6635799693 | Why was Stern's calculation of IQ problematic for adolescents and adults? | Stern's formula is problematic beginning in adolescence and adulthood because mental age does not change much from year to year | 25 | |
| 6635805848 | Wilhelm Stern (1912) invented the .... | formula for intelligence quotient (IQ) | 26 | |
| 6635810818 | Binet and Simon (1905) | Developed the first intelligence test that included measures of higher mental processes | 27 | |
| 6635819800 | Mental Age | the age corresponding to the average person's performance on an intelligence test | 28 | |
| 6635836651 | Analytical Intelligence | The ability to reason logically | 29 | |
| 6635841844 | Practical Intelligence | The ability to solve real world problems, especially those involving other people | 30 | |
| 6635848053 | Creative Intelligence | Our ability to come up with novel and effective answers to questions | 31 | |
| 6635855896 | Linguistic intelligence | speak and write well | 32 | |
| 6635867142 | logico-mathmatical intelligence | use logic and math skills to solve problems | 33 | |
| 6635879335 | spatial intelligence | think and reason about objects in three dimensional space | 34 | |
| 6635897610 | musical intelligence | perform, understand, and enjoy music | 35 | |
| 6635904085 | bodily kinesthetic intelligence | manipulate the body in sports, dance, and other physical endeavors | 36 | |
| 6635927275 | interpersonal intelligence | understand and interact with others effectively | 37 | |
| 6635940614 | intrapersonal intelligence | understand and possess insight into self | 38 | |
| 6635948049 | naturalistic intelligence | recognize, identify, and understand animals, plants, and other living things | 39 | |
| 6635978686 | Fluid intelligence | Capacity to learn new ways of solving problems | 40 | |
| 6635902302 | Memory span | increases with age: "Magic Number" 7 +/-2 does not develop until about age 12. | 41 | |
| 6635989018 | crystallized intelligence | Accumulated knowledge of the world acquired over time | 42 | |
| 6635995533 | g (general intelligence) | Hypothetical factor that accounts for overall differences in intellect among people | 43 | |
| 6636014295 | s (specific abilities) | Particular ability level in a narrow domain | 44 | |
| 6636030746 | Charles Spearman | Observed positive correlations among items on IQ Tests | 45 | |
| 6636048360 | Binet and Simon (1905) | Developed the first intelligence test, Argued that intelligence consists of higher mental processes | 46 | |
| 6635521980 | Echoic memories | auditory, and lasts for a few seconds | 47 | |
| 6635626836 | Explicit | semantic, and episodic | 48 | |
| 6635995298 | The connection between a person's confidence in the memory and its accuracy? | and they are often inaccurate when compared to initial memories | 49 | |
| 6635628166 | Implicit | Procedural, priming, conditioning, and habituation | 50 | |
| 6635647299 | Episodic memory | Recollection of events in our lives | 51 | |
| 6636035651 | Misinformation effect: | misleading information presented after a person witnesses an event can change how that person describes the event later | 52 | |
| 6635980167 | The accuracy of flashbulb memories over time? | Flashbulbs are not "photograph" memories, as they can change with the passage of time | 53 | |
| 6636022161 | Source monitoring confusion | is a lack of clarity about the origins of a memory. | 54 | |
| 6635658164 | Encoding | Process of getting information into our memory banks | 55 | |
| 6635882911 | What are some treatments for Alzheimers | Donepezil, which inhibits breakdown of acetylcholine | 56 | |
| 6635972412 | Flashbulb Memory | are very vivid and able to be recalled in detail much later. Typically formed around highly emotional, shocking events | 57 | |
| 6635912668 | Meta-memory | Knowledge about your own memory abilities and limitations | 58 | |
| 6635938418 | InfantileAmnesia | Inability of adults to retrieve accurate memories before 2-3 years old | 59 | |
| 6635908894 | Conceptual Understanding | increases with age. Impacts chunking and strategy use | 60 | |
| 6635865156 | How do the physical structures in the brain change with Alzheimer's? | Enlargement of the ventricles, severe loss of the cortex, and loss of synapses and acetylcholine neurons | 61 | |
| 6635855508 | What problems with memory and cognitive functions are associated with Alzheimer's disease? | - Disorientation, getting lost or confused, language loss, and Memory loss beginning with recent events | 62 | |
| 6635892346 | What are preventions of dementia? | Active lifestyle, greater education, and intellectual activity | 63 | |
| 6635851528 | Around what age does memory usually begin to decline? | 65, but not always | 64 | |
| 6635836117 | Emotional Memory | The amygdala and hippocampus interact to give us emotional memories. | 65 | |
| 6635692717 | Mnemonics | are learning aids that enhance recall | 66 | |
| 6635700651 | recognition | selecting previously remembered information from an array of options | 67 | |
| 6635813770 | Anterograde amnesia | refers to an inability to form new long-term explicit memories. | 68 | |
| 6635807500 | Retrograde amnesia | refers to an inability to retrieve memory of the past. | 69 | |
| 6635800636 | Long Term Potentiation | Gradual strengthening of the connections among neurons from repetitive stimulation | 70 | |
| 6635708683 | Relearning | Reacquiring knowledge that we had previously learned but largely forgotten over time | 71 | |
| 6635790352 | Karl Lashley elusive engram conclusion | Memory is not located in one place | 72 | |
| 6635720416 | Forgetting curve | We forget a lot initially then it levels off. Ebbinghaus |  | 73 |
| 6635752694 | State-Dependent Learning | Superior retrieval of memories when you are in the in the same physiological or psychological state as you were during encoding | 74 | |
| 6635739679 | Context-Dependent Memory | we retrieve a memory easily when in the same context as when we formed the memory | 75 | |
| 6635661214 | Storage | Process of keeping information in memory. | 76 | |
| 6635666458 | Schema | Organized knowledge structure or mental model that we have stored in memory | 77 | |
| 6635650455 | Procedural memory | Memory for how to do things, including motor skills and habits | 78 | |
| 6635633703 | Semantic | Our knowledge of facts about the world | 79 | |
| 6635610141 | Three levels of processing | shallow, medium, deep | 80 | |
| 6635612935 | Long term memory | relatively enduring retention of information stored regarding our facts, experiences, and skills. Duration if from minutes to years | 81 | |
| 6635595150 | Rehearsal | Repeating information to extend the duration of retention in short term memory, maintenance, and elaborative | 82 | |
| 6635583742 | Chunking | Organization of information into meaningful groupings. | 83 | |
| 6635571040 | Retroactive interference | learning new information interferes (in a backward acting way) with retrieving old information | 84 | |
| 6635576552 | George Miller | suggested that most people can remember 5-9 unit of info. The magical number is 7. | 85 | |
| 6635562479 | Proactive Interference | information learned earlier interferes (in a forward acting way) with information learned later | 86 | |
| 6635552155 | Interference | old and new memories can also interfere with each other, making it difficult to store new memories and retrieve old ones | 87 | |
| 6635526454 | Short term memory | memory systems that retains information for limited durations (no longer than 20 secs). | 88 | |
| 6635540596 | Decay | Fading of information from memory over time | 89 | |
| 6635534242 | Working memory | Same as short term memory: our ability to hold info that we are currently thinking about or processing. | 90 | |
| 6636111216 | Sir Francis Galton (Late 1800s) | intelligence stems from sensory capacity | 91 | |
| 6636067124 | Optimal Conditions needed for accuracy: | Good lighting, Criminal is not disguised, Short amount of time between witnessing the crime and identifying a suspect | 92 | |
| 6636080490 | Thinking | Any mental activity or processing of information | 93 | |
| 6636085510 | Cognitive Economy | represents the ways in which our minds attempt to reduce processing or save cognitive resources. | 94 | |
| 6636089885 | Heuristics | shortcuts to increase our thinking efficiency | 95 | |
| 6636092330 | Cognitive bias | Predispositions used to interpret experiences | 96 | |
| 6636105336 | Availability Heuristic | Estimating the likelihood of events based on how easily or quickly examples come to mind | 97 | |
| 6636113544 | Base Rates | How common a characteristic or behavior is within a population. | 98 | |
| 6636128311 | Conjunction fallacy | incorrectly believing that two events occurring together could be more common that one or the other alone. | 99 | |
| 6636145652 | Decision making | The process of selecting among of possible alternatives | 100 | |
| 6636150712 | How does the framing of a problem affect decision-making? | The way a question or statement is formulated can influence the decisions people make | 101 | |
| 6636159039 | Problem solving | Generating a cognitive strategy to accomplish a goal | 102 | |
| 6636162158 | Algorithm | Step-by-step learned procedure used to solve a problem | 103 | |
| 6636171210 | Mental set | becoming stuck in a specific problem-solving strategy, inhibiting our ability to generate alternatives | 104 | |
| 6636191384 | Salience of surface similarities | Tendency to focus on the surface level properties of a problem and to try to solve problems in the same way we solved others with similar surface characteristics | 105 | |
| 6636198030 | Functional Fixedness | Difficulty conceptualizing that an object typically used for one purpose can be used for another | 106 | |
| 6636206732 | Define language | Largely arbitrary system of communication that combines symbols (such as words or gestural signs) in rule-based ways to create meaning | 107 | |
| 6636208975 | Morphemes | Smallest meaningful units of speech; Convey information about semantics | 108 | |
| 6636211427 | Syntax | Grammatical rules that govern how words are composed into meaningful strings | 109 | |
| 6636217818 | Extralinguistic information | Elements of communication that are not part of the content of language, but are critical to interpreting its meaning | 110 | |
| 6636254651 | The Imitation account | suggests babies hear language used in systematic ways and learn to use language in the way that adults use it. | 111 | |
| 6636258705 | The Nativist Account | suggests that children are born with some basic knowledge about how language works | 112 | |
| 6636260914 | The Social Pragmatics Account | suggests that specific aspects of the social environment structure language learning | 113 | |
| 6636268356 | The General Cognitive Processing Account | ability to learn language results from general skills children apply to a variety of activities | 114 | |
| 6636275980 | During the first year: | Babbling & Fine-tuning of phoneme perception | 115 | |
| 6636285881 | around first birthday | first words | 116 | |
| 6636287678 | by second birthday | rudimentary phrases (want cookies) | 117 | |
| 6636296206 | Preschool, and elementary school | Extralinguistic aspects of communication | 118 | |
| 6636305659 | homesigners: | deaf children born to hearing parents | 119 | |
| 6636309753 | Is there a critical period for language development? | no strict critical period for language development in humans, but rather a more general sensitive period. | 120 | |
| 6636312434 | Linguistic determinism: | The idea that language completely determines our thinking has little or no scientific support. | 121 | |
| 6636314633 | Linguistic relativity: | Evidence supports the idea that language can influence some aspects of our thinking. | 122 | |
| 6636319300 | Do Animals have language abilities? | Research shows chimps can communicate with sign language or keyboards with symbols | 123 | |
| 6636109532 | Representativeness heuristic | Judging the probability of an event by its superficial similarity to a prototype (or stereotype) | 124 |
