Terms : Hide Images
| 21228755 | cognition | the mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remembering, and communicating | |
| 21228756 | concept | a mental grouping of similar objects, events, ideas, or people | |
| 21228757 | prototype | a mental image or best example of a category | |
| 21228758 | algorithm | a methodical, logical rule or procedure that guarantees solving a particular problem. Contrasts with the usually speedier -- but also more error-prone -- use of heuristics | |
| 21228759 | heuristic | a simple thinking strategy that often allows us to make judgments and solve problems efficiently; usually speedier but also more error-prone than algorithms | |
| 21228760 | insight | a sudden and often novel realization of the solution to a problem; it contrasts with strategy-based solutions | |
| 21228761 | confirmation bias | a tendency to search for information that confirms one's preconceptions | |
| 21228762 | fixation | the inability to see a problem from a new perspective; an impediment to problem solving | |
| 21228763 | mental set | a tendency to approach a problem in a particular way, often a way that has been successful in the past | |
| 21228764 | functional fixedness | the tendency to think of things only in terms of their usual functions; an impediment to problem solving | |
| 21228765 | representativeness heuristic | judging the likelihood of things in terms of how well they seem to represent, or match, particular prototypes; may lead one to ignore other relevent information | |
| 21228766 | availability heuristic | estimating the likelihood of events based on their availability in memory; if instances come readily to mind (perhaps because of their vividness), we presume such events are common | |
| 21228767 | overconfidence | the tendency to be more confident than correct -- to overestimate the accuracy of one's beliefs and judgments | |
| 21228768 | framing | the way an issue is posed; how an issue is framed can significantly affect decisions and judgments | |
| 21228769 | belief bias | the tendency for one's preexisting beliefs to distort logical reasoning, sometimes by making invalid conclusions seem valid, or valid conclusions seem invalid | |
| 21228770 | belief perseverance | clinging to one's initial conceptions after the basis on which they were formed has been discredited | |
| 21228771 | language | our spoken, written, or signed words and the ways we combine them to communicate meaning | |
| 21228772 | phoneme | in a language, the smallest distinctive sound unit | |
| 21228773 | morpheme | in a language, the smallest unit that carries meaning; may be a word or a part of a word (such as a prefix) | |
| 21228774 | grammar | in a language, a system of rules that enables us to communicate with and understand others | |
| 21228775 | semantics | the set of rules by which we derive meaning from morphemes, words, and sentences in a given language; also, the study of meaning | |
| 21228776 | syntax | the rules for combining words into grammatically sensible sentences in a given language | |
| 21228777 | babbling stage | beginning at about 4 months, the stage of speech developing in which the infant spontaneously utters various sounds at first unrelated to the household language | |
| 21228778 | one-word stage | the stage in speech development, from about age 1 to 2, during which a child speaks mostly in single words | |
| 21228779 | two-word stage | beginning about age 2, the stage in speech development during which a child speaks mostly two-word statements | |
| 21228780 | telegraphic speech | early speech stage in which a child speaks like a telegram -- "go car" -- using mostly nouns and verbs and omitting auxiliary words | |
| 21228781 | linguistic determinism | Whorf's hypothesis that language determines the way we think |
