Terms : Hide Images
| 286198486 | Bedouin | a member of a nomadic tribe of Arabs | 0 | |
| 286198487 | Ali | the fourth caliph of Islam who is considered to be the first caliph by Shiites | 1 | |
| 286198488 | Shi'a | the branch of Islam whose members acknowledge Ali and his descendants as the rightful successors of Muhammad | 2 | |
| 286198489 | Dhimmi | people of the book | 3 | |
| 286198490 | Jizya | tax paid by Christians and Jews who lived in Muslim communities to allow them to continue to practice their own religion | 4 | |
| 286198491 | Umayyad | Clan of Quraysh that dominated politics and commercial economy of Mecca; clan later able to establish dynasty as rulers of Islam | 5 | |
| 286198492 | Hajj | a pilgrimage to Mecca, performed as a duty by Muslims | 6 | |
| 286198493 | Sunni | a member of the branch of Islam that accepts the first four caliphs as rightful successors to Muhammad | 7 | |
| 286198494 | Hadiths | Traditions of the prophet Muhammad | 8 | |
| 286198495 | Qur'an | the holy book of islam | 9 | |
| 286198496 | Medina | City in western Arabia to which the Prophet Muhammad and his followers emigrated in 622 to escape persecution in Mecca. (p. 231) | 10 | |
| 286198497 | Caliph | The civil and religious leader of a Muslim state considered to be a representative of Allah on earth | 11 | |
| 286198498 | Jihad | Islamic holy war | 12 | |
| 286198499 | Ramadan | ninth month of the Muslim calendar marked by fasting | 13 | |
| 286198500 | Umma | Muslim religious community | 14 | |
| 286198501 | Seljuk Turks | nomadic invaders from central Asia via Persia; staunch Sunnis; ruled in name of Abbasid caliphs from mid-11th century | 15 | |
| 286198502 | Ibn Kaldun | Muslim writer; he wrote the muqaddimah, which traced the history of the Muslim world. | 16 | |
| 286198503 | Ulama | Muslim religious scholars. From the ninth century onward, the primary interpreters of Islamic law and the social core of Muslim urban societies. | 17 | |
| 286198504 | Mira Bai | Celebrated Hindu writer of religious poetry; reflected openness of bhaktic cults to women | 18 | |
| 286198505 | Shrivijaya | trading empire between malaya and sumatra; buddhist government; its fall opened up southeaster asia to islam | 19 | |
| 286198506 | Crusades | A series of holy wars from 1096-1270 AD undertaken by European Christians to free the Holy Land from Muslim rule. | 20 | |
| 286198507 | Saladin | The leader of the Muslims in the third crusade and captured Jerusalem in 1187. | 21 | |
| 286198508 | Sufis | Islamic mystics who placed more emphasis on emotion and devotion than on strict adherence to rules. | 22 | |
| 286198509 | Bhaktic Cults | Hindu groups dedicated to gods, goddesses | 23 | |
| 286198510 | Malacca | Port city in the modern Southeast Asian country of Malaysia, founded about 1400 as a trading center on the Strait of Malacca. Also spelled Melaka. (p. 387) | 24 |
