Adapted from "The Earth and its Peoples: A Global History," 5th ed., Chapter 5
Terms : Hide Images
| 291410812 | Republic | the period from 507-31 BCE during which Rome was governed by the aristocratic Roman Senate | 0 | |
| 291410813 | Senate | a council whose members were the heads of wealthy, landowning families | 1 | |
| 291410814 | patron/client relationship | a fundamental social relationship in which the patron provided legal and economic protection and assistance to clients in exchange for political support | 2 | |
| 291410815 | Principate | a term used to characterize Roman government in the first three centuries BCE | 3 | |
| 291410816 | Augustus | honorific name of Octavian, founder of the Roman Principate, the military dictatorship that replaced the failing rule of the Roman Senate | 4 | |
| 291410817 | equites | prosperous landowners second in wealth and status to the senatorial aristocracy | 5 | |
| 291410818 | pax romana | connected the stability and prosperity that Roman rule brought to the lands of the Roman Empire in the first two centuries CE | 6 | |
| 291410819 | Romanization | the process by which the Latin language and Roman cultures became dominant in the Western provinces | 7 | |
| 291410820 | Jesus | a Jew from Galilee in northern Israel who sought to reform Jewish beliefs and practices; became the central figure in Christianity | 8 | |
| 291410821 | Paul | a Jew from the Greek city of Tarsus in Anatolia that spread Christianity and separated it from Judaism | 9 | |
| 291410822 | aqueduct | a conduit, either elevated or underground, that uses gravity to carry water from a source to a location that needs it | 10 | |
| 291410823 | Third-Century Crisis | the political, military, and economic turmoil that beset the Roman Empire during much of the third century CE | 11 | |
| 291410824 | Constantine | Roman emperor that moved the capital to Constantinople and made Christianity a favored religion | 12 | |
| 291410825 | Qin | a people and state in the Wei valley of China that conquered rival states and founded the first Chinese empire | 13 | |
| 291410826 | Shi Huangdi | founder of the short-lived Qin Dynasty and creator of the Chinese Empire | 14 | |
| 291410827 | Han | term used to designate the ethnic Chinese people who originated in the Yellow River Valley | 15 | |
| 291410828 | Han Dynasty | the dynasty of emperors that ruled from 202 BCE to 220 CE | 16 | |
| 291410829 | Xiongnu | a confederation of nomadic peoples living beyond the northwest frontier of ancient China | 17 | |
| 291410830 | Gaozu | the throne name of Liu Bang, a rebel leader that brought down the Qin and founded the Han Dynasty | 18 | |
| 291410831 | Sima Qian | chief astrologer for the Han Dynasty that is regarded as the father of Chinese history | 19 | |
| 291410832 | Chang'an | city in the Wei Valley that was the capital of the Qin and early Han empires | 20 | |
| 291410833 | gentry | the class of prosperous families below the rural aristocrats from which the emperors drew their administrative personnel | 21 |
