Terms : Hide Images
| 124652553 | Holy Alliance | Alliance among Russia, Prussia, and Austria in defense of religion and the established order, formed at the Congress of Vienna | 0 | |
| 124652554 | Decembrist Uprising | Political revolt in Russia in 1825; led by middle-level army officers who advocated reforms; put down by Tsar Nicholas I | 1 | |
| 124652555 | Crimean War | (1854-1856) began as a Russian attack on the Ottoman Empire; resulted in a Russian defeat in the face of Western industrial technology; led to reforms under Tsar Alexander II | 2 | |
| 124652556 | Emancipation of the serfs | Tsar Alexander II ended serfdom in 1861; serfs obtained no political rights; required to stay in villages until they could repay aristocracy for land | 3 | |
| 124699385 | Trans-Siberian railroad | Constructed during the 1870s and 1880s to connect European Russia with the Pacific; increased Russian role in Asia. | 4 | |
| 124699386 | Count Sergei Witte | Russian minister of finance (1892-1903); economic modernizer responsible for high tariffs, improved banking system; encouraged Western investment in industry. | 5 | |
| 124699387 | Intelligentsia | Russian term for class of intellectuals; desired radical change in the political and economic systems; wanted to maintain a Russian culture distinct from the West. | 6 | |
| 124699388 | Anarchists | Political groups that thought the abolition of formal government was a first step to creating a better society; became important in Russia and was the modern world's first large terrorist movement. | 7 | |
| 124699389 | Lenin | Russian Marxist leader, led the Bolshevik party | 8 | |
| 124699390 | Bolsheviks | Literally "majority" party, but actually a political group backed by a minority of the population; the most radical branch of the Russian Marxist movement. | 9 | |
| 124699391 | Russian Revolution of 1905 | The defeat by Japan resulted in strikes by urban workers and insurrections among the peasantry; resulted in temporary reforms. | 10 | |
| 124699392 | Duma | Russian national assembly created as one of the reforms after the Revolution of 1905; progressively stripped of power during the reign of Nicholas II. | 11 | |
| 124699393 | Stolypin Reforms | Russin minister who introduced reforms intended to placate the peasantry after the Revolution of 1905; included reduction of land redemption payments and an attempt to create a market-oriented peasantry. | 12 | |
| 124699394 | Kulaks | Agricultural entrepreneurs who used the Stolypin reforms to buy more land and increase production. | 13 | |
| 124699395 | Terakoya | Commoner schools founded during the Tokugawa shogunate to teach reading, writing, and Confucian rudiments; by the middle of the 19th century resulted in the highest literacy rate outside of the West. | 14 | |
| 124699396 | Dutch studies | Studies of Western science and technology beginning during the 18th century; based on texts available at the Dutch Nagaski trading center. | 15 | |
| 124699397 | Matthew Perry | American naval officer; in 1853 he insisted on the opening of ports to American trade. | 16 | |
| 124699398 | Meiji restoration | Power of the emperor restored with Emperor Mutsuhito in 1868; took name of Meiji, the Enlightened One; ended shogunate and began a reform period. | 17 | |
| 124699399 | Diet | Japanese parliament establilshed as part of the constitution of 1889; able to advise government but not control it. | 18 | |
| 124699400 | Zaibatsu | Huge industrial combines created in Japan during the 1890s. | 19 |
