AP World History
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| 250432786 | sassanid empire | the name of the last pre-Islamic Iranian empire. It was one of the two main powers in Western Asia for a period of more than 400 years.[1] The Sassanid empire was constantly at war with the Byzantine Empire. (224-651) | 0 | |
| 250432787 | sahel | extensive grassland belt at the southern edge of the Sahara | 1 | |
| 250432788 | steppe | Treeless plains, especially the high, flat expanses of northern Eurasia, which usually have little rain and are covered with coarse grass. They are good lands for nomads and their herds. Good for breeding horses: essential to mongol military. (326) | 2 | |
| 250432789 | great traditions | historians term for a literate, well-institutionalized complex of religiouis and socila beliefs and practices adhered to by diverse societies over a broad geographical area | 3 | |
| 250432790 | bantu | a family of languages widely spoken in the southern half of the African continent | 4 | |
| 250432791 | shi'ite | A member of the branch of Islam that supports the descendants of Muhammad as his rightful successors | 5 | |
| 250432792 | sunni | a member of the branch of Islam that accepts the first four caliphs as rightful successors to Muhammad | 6 | |
| 250432793 | Muhammad | founder of Islam | 7 | |
| 250432794 | Mecca | City in western Arabia; birthplace of the Prophet Muhammad, and ritual center of the Islamic religion. | 8 | |
| 250432795 | Medina | City in western Arabia to which the Prophet Muhammad and his followers emigrated in 622 to escape persecution in Mecca. (p. 231) | 9 | |
| 250432796 | Abbasid | dynasty that overthrew the Umayyad to rule the Muslim caliphate from 750 to 1258; for 150 years they maintained the unity of the caliphate and Islamic civilization and culture flourished | 10 | |
| 250432797 | Caliphate | Office established in succession to the Prophet Muhammad, to rule the Islamic empire; also the name of that empire. (See also Abbasid Caliphate; Sokoto Caliphate; Umayyad Caliphate.) (p. 232) | 11 | |
| 250432798 | Umayyad | (661-750) first ruling dynasty over the Muslim Caliphate | 12 | |
| 250432799 | Fatimad | What caliphate was formed by Shiite Muslims who claimed descent from Muhammad's daughter Fatima? | 13 | |
| 250432800 | Crusade | Holy war | 14 | |
| 250432801 | Seljuk | Turkish speaking people who converted to Islam in Central Asia | 15 | |
| 250432802 | Jihad | a holy war waged by Muslims against infidels | 16 | |
| 250432803 | Allah | Arabic word for God | 17 | |
| 250432804 | jinns | Meccan spirit residing in natural objects of the desert | 18 | |
| 250432805 | Muslim | A follower of Islam, means "one who has submitted" | 19 | |
| 250432806 | Islam | A monotheistic religion that developed in Arabia in 7th century, means "submission to the will of Allah" | 20 | |
| 250432807 | Ka'ba | ("cube") a pre-islamic cubed building in mecca believed by muslims to have been built by Abraham. It is the center of the Muslim Pilgrimage | 21 | |
| 250432808 | Umma | The community of all Muslims. A major innovation against the background of seventh-century Arabia, where traditionally kinship rather than faith had determined membership in a community. (p. 231) | 22 | |
| 250432809 | Quran | the holy book of Islam | 23 | |
| 250432810 | Mamluks | Under the Islamic system of military slavery, Turkic military slaves who formed an important part of the armed forces of the Abbasid Caliphate of the ninth and tenth centuries. Mamluks eventually founded their own state, ruling Egypt and Syria. | 24 | |
| 250432811 | Ghana | the first West African kingdom based on the gold and salt trade | 25 | |
| 250432812 | Sultan | military and political leader with absolute authority over a Muslim country | 26 | |
| 250432813 | Shah | an Islamic king, often from Persia or Iran | 27 | |
| 250432814 | Shari'a | A body of law governing the lives of Muslims | 28 | |
| 250432815 | hadith | (Islam) a tradition based on reports of the sayings and activities of Muhammad and his companions | 29 | |
| 250432816 | Madrasa | a school for the study of Muslim law and religious science | 30 | |
| 250432817 | Sufi | A Muslim who seeks to achieve direct contact with God through mystical means | 31 | |
| 531846863 | sakk | a muslim invention, a letter of credit similar to a check | 32 | |
| 531848502 | qadis | Muslim judges who carried out the judicial functions of the state | 33 | |
| 531848503 | jizya | tax paid by Christians and Jews who lived in Muslim communities to allow them to continue to practice their own religion | 34 | |
| 531848504 | dar-al-islam | an Arabic term that means the "house of Islam" and that refers to lands under Islamic rule | 35 | |
| 531848505 | Five Pillars | beliefs that all Muslims needed to carry out: Faith, Prayer, Alms, Fasting, and Pilgrimage | 36 | |
| 531848506 | ulama | the body of mullahs (Muslim scholars trained in Islam and Islamic law) who are the interpreters of Islam's sciences and doctrines and laws and the chief guarantors of continuity in the spiritual and intellectual history of the Islamic community | 37 | |
| 531848507 | Ibn Rushd | Muslim philosopher who blended Aristotle and Plato's views with Islam | 38 | |
| 531848508 | Abu Bakr | Companion of 1st muslim leader after Muhammad. Regarded by Sunni's as the 1st caliph and rightful succesor. The Shi'ah regard him as a traitor of Muhammad. Known as best interpretter of dreams following Muhammad's death. | 39 |
