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| 99263725 | Minoans | successful traders from the island of Crete, adapted ideas and technology from Egypt and Mesopotamia, destroyed by Mycenaean invasion | 0 | |
| 99263726 | Mycenaeans | sea traders that spoke Greek, dominated Aegean world for 200 years, acquired skills and customs from Minoans, developed city states, defeated by Dorian invasion | 1 | |
| 99263727 | Dorians | Sea raiders, spoke Greek, defeated Mycenaeans, invasions caused decline of cities, trading and writing throughout Mediterranean | 2 | |
| 99263728 | Cyrus the Great | King of Persia established the Persian Empire | 3 | |
| 99263729 | Zoroastrianism | A new religion developed by the Persians. Stressed importance of moral choice. Saw material existence as battle between good and evil. | 4 | |
| 99263730 | Olympic Games | Held during a time of peace and no fighting between city states. Only men participated - without clothing. | 5 | |
| 99263731 | Pericles | Famous great political figure, dominated Athenian politics, was an aristocrat, Took part in the democratic political structure. | 6 | |
| 99263732 | Peloponnesian Wars | A war between Spartans and Athenians, split Greek world in half, weakened both city-states. Easily conquered by Philip the 2nd of Macedon. | 7 | |
| 99263733 | Philip the 2nd of Macedon | Conqueror of Greece in 338 BCE. Succeeded by son Alexander the Great. | 8 | |
| 99263734 | Hellenistic Period | Time where Greek art and culture merged with influences from Middle East. Comes from the Hellenes (the Greeks). | 9 | |
| 99263735 | Alexandria | City named after Alexander the Great. Trade flourished. Was an important scientific center. Center of world trade and culture. | 10 | |
| 99263736 | Roman Republic | A government by the educated people. They developed a strong military, and extended their influence to the Italian peninsula and Greece. | 11 | |
| 99263737 | Punic Wars | A series of 3 was against the city of Carthage. Fought because Rome wanted to extend their territory - Carthage fought back. | 12 | |
| 99263738 | Carthage | Phoenician city on the northern coast of Africa. Had the brilliant general Hannibal. | 13 | |
| 99263739 | Hannibal | Brilliant general from the Phoenician city of Carthage. Was able to watch his opponents fight, and find their weaknesses. | 14 | |
| 99263740 | Diocletian | Roman emperor who ruled during Rome's decline. Tried to save the empire. Implemented tetrarchy - rule of 4 that divided the empire. | 15 | |
| 99263741 | Constantine | Roma emperor that adopted Christianity. Passed the edict of Milan. | 16 | |
| 99263742 | Polis | Greek word for city-state. Our word politics comes from Polis | 17 | |
| 99263743 | Direct Democracy | Government where major decisions of state are made by general assemblies, where all citizens should participate. | 18 | |
| 99263744 | Senate | Most important body of legislative politics; composed mainly of aristocrats. Members held virtually all executive offices in the Roman state. | 19 | |
| 99263745 | Consuls | Two political figures who shared executive power. Example: Publius Cornelius Sapio | 20 | |
| 99263746 | Aristotle | Philosopher who stressed the importance of moderation and balance in human behavior. Balance not found in political life. | 21 | |
| 99263747 | Stoics | Emphasized inner moral independence, strict personal discipline, and personal behavior. | 22 | |
| 99263748 | Socrates | Athenian philosopher, encouraged his students to question proven theories. | 23 | |
| 99263749 | Plato | Pupil of Socrates, philosopher. Believed that human reason could approach an understanding of 3 perfect forms - the true, good, and beautiful. | 24 | |
| 99263750 | Sophocles | Athenian dramatist. Writer of tragedies - where everyone dies. Author of Oedipus Rex. | 25 | |
| 99263751 | The Iliad and the Odyssey | Stories written by the poet Homer. Knowledge of Greek polytheism. | 26 | |
| 99263752 | Doric, Ionic, Corinthian columns | Doric - most simple Ionic - most common Corinthian - most ornate | 27 | |
| 99263753 | Autonomy | Self controlled, governing (Greece) | 28 | |
| 99263754 | Sparta | Strong military aristocracy. Large slave population. | 29 | |
| 99263755 | Athens | Democracy (people get the power). Artistic and intellectual leadership. Evolved into a Direct Democracy. | 30 | |
| 99263756 | Sophists | Questioned accepted ideas (Greek). | 31 | |
| 99263757 | Greek Architecture | Sought reflected harmony in the universe. | 32 | |
| 99263758 | Greek Art | Sculptor emphasized the realistic human form. | 33 | |
| 99263759 | Euripides | Writer of tragedies. | 34 | |
| 99263760 | Herodotus | Created the standards for future historians. | 35 | |
| 99263761 | Pax Romana | Peace and prosperity | 36 | |
| 99263762 | Roman Decline | 476 CE, Rome is sacked by invaders from the north, after several years of decline. | 37 | |
| 99263763 | Aristocratic Assemblies | Most popular form of city-state government in Greece. Established guidelines for city-state policy. | 38 | |
| 99263764 | Aristocracy | Greek word for "rule of the best". | 39 | |
| 99263765 | The Twelve Tablets | Circa 450 BCE. Common laws that integrate society. | 40 | |
| 99263766 | Important Laws to Romans | Property Law Laws of Commerce | 41 | |
| 99263767 | "Bread and Circuses" | Cheap food, the gladiator, and the coliseum. | 42 | |
| 99263768 | Pythagoras | Mathematics and geometry. | 43 | |
| 99263769 | Ptolemy | Astronomy; planetary movement | 44 | |
| 99263770 | Rome's Accomplishments | Roads, bridges, aqueducts, arches, religiously inspired art (statues, temples, music, plays, etc.). | 45 | |
| 99263771 | Feudal | Type of land system with higher lords and tenant farmers. | 46 | |
| 99263772 | Loss of Land | Loss of voting rights (Rome). | 47 | |
| 99263773 | Solution for Lack of Grain Producing Land | "Grain Colonies". Rome=Sicily & N. Africa. Greece = Middle East | 48 |
