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Social Psychology

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312432898Social Psychologythe scientific study of how we think about, influence, and relate to one another
312432899GRITstrategy designed to decrease international tensions
312432900Mere Exposure Effectthe phenomenon that repeated exposure to novel stimuli increases liking of them
312432901Stereotypea generalized belief about a group of people
312432902Normative Social Influenceinfluence resulting from a person's desire to gain approval or avoid disapproval
312432903Passionate Lovean aroused state of intense positive absorption in another, usually present at the beginning of a love relationship
312432904Ingroup"us" - people with whom one shares a common identity
312432905Informational Social Influenceinfluence resulting from one's willingness to accept others' opinions about reality
312432906Conformityadjusting one's behavior or thinking to coincide with a group standard
312432907Prejudicean unjustifiable (and usually negative) attitude toward a group and its members
312432908Social Trapa situation in which the conflicting parties, by each rationally pursuing their self interest, become caught in mutually destructive behavior
312432909Superordinate Goalsshared goals that override differences among people and require their cooperation
312432910companionate lovethe deep affectionate attachment we feel for those with whom our lives are intertwined
312432911outgroup"them" - those perceived as different or apart from one's ingroup
312432912social facilitationstronger responses on simple or well-learned tasks in the presence of others
312432913attribution theorysuggest that we judge people based on their disposition (personality) and the situation
312432914cognitive dissonance theorytheory that we act to reduce the discomfort we feel when two of our thoughts are inconsistent
312432915self-fulfilling prophecya prediction that directly or indirectly causes itself to become true, by influencing a specific individual to act a certain way
312432916conflicta perceived incompatibility of actions, goals, or ideas
312432917social exchange theorythe theory that our social behavior is an exchange process, the aim of which is to maximize benefits and minimize costs
312432918equitya condition in which people receive from a relationship in proportion to what they give to it
312432919ingroup biasthe tendency to favor one's own group
312432920social loafingthe tendency for people in a group to exert less effort toward attaining a common goal than when individually accountable
312432921attitudefeelings, often based on our beliefs, that predispose us to respond in a particular way to objects, people, and events
312432922foot-in-the-door- phenomenonthe tendency for people who have first agreed to a small request to comply later with a larger request
312432923deindividuationthe loss of self-awareness and self-restraint occurring in group situations that foster arousal and anonymity
312432924group polarizationthe enhancement of a group's prevailing inclinations through discussion within the group
312432925groupthinkthe mode of thinking that occurs when the desire for harmony in a decision-making group overrides a realistic appraisal of alternatives
312432926scapegoat theorythe theory that prejudice offers an outlet for anger by providing someone to blame
312432927just-world phenomenonthe tendency of people to believe the world is just and that people therefore get what they deserve and deserve what they get
312432928aggressionany physical or verbal behavior intended to hurt or destroy
312432929frustration-aggression principlethe principle that frustration-the blocking of an attempt to achieve some goal-creates anger, which can generate aggression
312432930self-disclosurerevealing intimate aspects of oneself to others
312432931altruismunselfish regard for the welfare of others
312432932bystander effectthe tendency for any given bystander to be less likely to give aid if other bystanders are present

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