US history from American Pageant and American Spirit
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| 1720609399 | Lexington and Concord | April 1775, King George set Gage to put down the rebellion in the colony, his job is to arrest the rebel leaders and put royal leaders back in charge, no Paul Revere's ride, leaders are warned so that they can escape and they go and prepare our new government, minutemen are called to arm, no one knows who fired the first shot at Lexington, known as the "shot hear around the world" (the shot heard round the world was the start of the revolution!!!) American Revolution begins | 0 | |
| 1720609400 | Battle of Bunker Hill | June 1775, first formal battle of the American Revolution, Britain suffers most losses- 40% dead, Americans have low ammunition so they do not fire until they can see the whites of the British eyes; General Prescott and Howe | 1 | |
| 1720609401 | Valley Forge | January 1777, Pennsylvania, harsh winter, no food, no supplies, no uniforms, no shoes, frost bitten and pneumonia; make or break troops o Von Steuben- German, and Nathanial Greene • Made the soldiers into good soldiers | 2 | |
| 1720609402 | Battle of Trenton | surprised Hessians, who were supposed to join British at Yorktown; crossed Delaware | 3 | |
| 1720609403 | Battle of Saratoga | October 1777, TURNING POINT OF THE WAR, America wins and France and Spain are on our side now o Spain helps because they have land near America o France wants to gain back things after losing things in the previous war | 4 | |
| 1720609404 | Battle at Yorktown | October 1781, America defeats Cornwallis, Washington comes by land and the French come by sea so Cornwallis surrenders | 5 | |
| 1720609405 | Treaty of Paris | signed on September 1783 and officially ended the war, Ben Franklin, John Jay, and John Adams all go to negotiate • America's borders: Miss. R., Great Lakes, and Florida • America's independence • Paid debt back to Britain | 6 | |
| 1720609406 | Treaty of Fort Stanwix | • Pro-British Iroquois were forced to sign it and gave up much of their land • 1st treaty between US and Indians | 7 | |
| 1720609407 | Sugar Act | the first law ever passed by Parliament to raise tax revenue in the colonies for the crown, it increased the duty on foreign sugar imported from the West Indies | 8 | |
| 1720609408 | Quartering Act | required certain colonies to provide food and quarters for British troops | 9 | |
| 1720609409 | Stamp Act | imposed to raise revenues to support the new military force, mandated the use of stamped paper or the affixing of stamps, certifying payment of tax, stamps were required on bills of sale for about fifty trade items as well as on certain types of commercial and legal documents | 10 | |
| 1720609410 | Tea Act | Britain makes monopoly with tea, tea is only being traded with West Indies and Britain, tax on tea, Boston Tea Party- colonist dump 342 chests of tea in the harbor | 11 | |
| 1720609411 | Intolerable Acts | Port Act, Administration of Justice Act, Massachusetts Government Act, and the Quartering Act | 12 | |
| 1720609412 | Port Act | closed the port and let no ships come in or out until all the tea dumped is the harbor was paid for | 13 | |
| 1720609413 | Administration of Justice Act | if a governor got in trouble they went to Britain for trials and did not really get punished | 14 | |
| 1720609414 | Massachusetts Government Act | increased governors' power, decreased assembly power | 15 | |
| 1720609415 | Townshend Acts | tax on glass, paint, and tea, starts in 1768, Britain set up tax collection agency in Boston (massacre, tea party, etc.), colonists boycott this act leading to the Boston Massacre where five people died, this act is then repealed and replaced with tea act | 16 | |
| 1720609416 | Declaratory Act | reaffirmed Parliament's right to "bind" the colonies "in all cases whatsoever," they claimed they had absolute and unqualified sovereignty over its North American colonies | 17 | |
| 1720609417 | Quebec Act | passed in 1774, French were guaranteed their Catholic religion and permitted to retain many of their old customs and institutions, the old boundaries of the province of Quebec were nor extended southward all the way to the Ohio River | 18 | |
| 1720609418 | Molasses Act | British West Indies attempt to end NA trade with French West Indies to damage their international trade and standard of living. Americans smuggled and bribed, resulting in revolt | 19 | |
| 1720609419 | Mercantilism | the British embraced it which they believe justified their control over the colonies, believed that wealth was power and that a country's economic wealth could be measured by the amount of gold or silver in its treasury | 20 | |
| 1720609420 | Strengths of British | o professional army of fifty thousand men o hired thirty thousand Germans (Hessians), Indians, and Loyalists in America | 21 | |
| 1720609421 | Weaknesses of British | British troops were busy in Ireland; France was waiting to attack Britain because France had just lost; Only leader was George III who was stubborn, a lot of British did not want to kill their American relatives, people were scared that if they won George III might become tyrannical, general were second rate, soldiers were brutally treated; provisions were scarce, rancid, and wormy; operating 3,000 miles away from its home base; delays in orders since they had to cross the sea; America was huge | 22 | |
| 1720609422 | Strengths of America | o huge land mass o outstanding leadership (Washington, Franklin, etc.) o open foreign aid (France) o fighting defensively o the colonies were self sustaining o moral advantage, belief in a just cause | 23 | |
| 1720609423 | Weaknesses of America | untrained militia, badly organized for war, lacking unity, uncoordinated, no constitution until the very end, jealousy in the colonies, economic difficulties, inflation of currency | 24 | |
| 1720609424 | Cause of American Revolution | British abused their power in America though their leaders and numerous acts limiting America's freedom | 25 | |
| 1720609425 | Sons of Liberty | led by Sam Adams, because of this they bully loyal officials in colonies, force stamp Act agents to resign, begin boycott, they tell colonies about the boycott by the Committees of Correspondence (an organization first started by Sam Adams but made in other colonies as well which spread the spirit of resistance by exchanging letters and keeping the opposition to British policy alive), the Stamp Act is repealed in 1766, break between America and Britain has already started | 26 | |
| 1720609426 | Daughters of Liberty | said "Liberty, Property, and No Stamps," | 27 | |
| 1720609427 | Committees of Correspondence | started by Sam Adams; chief function was to spread the spirit of resistance by exchanging letters and thus keep alive opposition to British policy. Intercolonial committees were then set up starting in VA with the House of Burgesses. Soon, every colony had a central committee through which it could exchange ideas and info. With other colonies. This evolved directly into the American Congress. | 28 | |
| 1720609428 | First Continental Congress | all colonies, except Georgia; John Adams, Sam Adams, Patrick Henry, Richard Henry Lee vote to see if America is ready for independence and fails by one vote; Met in Philadelphia; American's response to the Intolerable Acts; John Adams persuaded revolution; wrote a Declaration of Rights and appeals to British American colonies, the king, and British people; created the Association which called for a complete boycott of English goods; the Association was the closet thing to a written constitution. | 29 | |
| 1720609429 | Colonel Tye | Most famous black British colonel; Black Brigade, NY and NJ; winning until he was shot in the wrist and got tetanus | 30 | |
| 1720609430 | Prince Hall | Boston black; sold to American troops by owner after Boston Massacre; Battle of Bunker Hill, and opened up the first black lodge for free masons; Supporter of education | 31 | |
| 1720609431 | Agrippa Hull | Free man and joined on own free will; Was 18 when he joined; Fought with GW in every major battle; GW signed his discharge paper; bought land in Massachusetts; Every year, he added acreage to land; by the time he died, he was the largest black land owner in the colony; Last surviving Revolutionary veteran | 32 | |
| 1720609432 | Molly Pitcher | Mary Hayes; gave soldiers water, took her husband's job when he was killed | 33 | |
| 1720609433 | Betty Zane | Gave soldiers gunpowder | 34 | |
| 1720609434 | Deborah Simpson | Pulled a Mulan | 35 | |
| 1720609435 | Patience Wright | Put spy information inside sculptures, which would be smashed by Patriots | 36 | |
| 1720609436 | Proclamation of 1763 | forbade the colonists from settling beyond the Appalachian Mountains; caused first major revolt | 37 | |
| 1720609437 | William Pitt | leader in the London government, "Organizer of Victory"; he led and won a war against Quebec. | 38 | |
| 1720609438 | James Wolfe | British general whose success in the Battle of Quebec won Canada. | 39 | |
| 1720609439 | Edward Braddock | British commander during the French and Indian War who attempted to capture Fort Duquesne in 1755. | 40 | |
| 1720609440 | Pontiac | Indian Chief; led post war flare-up in the Ohio River Valley and Great Lakes Region in 1763; his actions led to the Proclamation of 1763. | 41 | |
| 1720609441 | Samuel de Champlain | French explorer who sailed to the West Indies, Mexico, and Panama. He wrote many books telling of his trips to Mexico City and Niagara Falls. His greatest accomplishment was his exploration of the St. Lawrence River and his latter settlement of Quebec. | 42 | |
| 1720609442 | The Association | A document produced by the Continental Congress in 1775 that called for a complete boycott of British goods. | 43 | |
| 1720609443 | Baron von Steuben | Prussian drillmaster that taught American soldiers during the Revolutionary War how to successfully fight the British. | 44 | |
| 1720609444 | Lord North | prime minister in the 1770's; his rule fell, which therefore ended the rule of George III for a short while. | 45 | |
| 1720609445 | George Grenville | British Prime Minister from 1763-1765. To obtain funds for Britain after the costly 7-Years War, in he ordered the Navy to enforce the Navigation Laws, and Parliament to pass the Sugar Act. He brought about the Quartering Act. | 46 | |
| 1720609446 | Sam Adams | "Penman of the Revolution;" organized the local committees of correspondence in Massachusetts, starting with Boston in 1772. | 47 | |
| 1720609447 | Charles Townshend | Control of the British ministry and was nicknamed "Champagne Charley" for his brilliant speeches in Parliament while drunk. He persuaded Parliament in 1767 to pass the Townshend Acts. | 48 | |
| 1720609448 | John Adams | Second president of the US; attended the Continental Congress in 1774 as a delegate from Georgia. | 49 | |
| 1720609449 | John Hancock | "King of the Smugglers" ; He was a wealthy Massachusetts merchant who persuaded the American colonies to declare their independence. He was the ring leader in the plot to store gunpowder which resulted in the battles in Lexington and Concord. | 50 | |
| 1720609450 | Declaration of Independence | Approved by the Congress on July 4, 1776; sharply separated Loyalists from Patriots and helped to start the American Revolution by allowing England to hear of the colonists disagreements with British authority. | 51 | |
| 1720609451 | Thomas Jefferson | member of the House of Burgesses, wrote the Declaration of Independence, was ambassador to France, and was the President of the United States of America; bought Louisiana. | 52 | |
| 1720609452 | Marquis de Lafayette | French nobleman, nicknamed "French Gamecock", made major general of colonial army. | 53 | |
| 1720609453 | Admiral de Grasse | Operated a powerful French fleet in the West Indies, joined Americans in an assault on Cornwallis at Yorktown. | 54 | |
| 1720609454 | Patrick Henry | Supporting a break from Great Britain, he is famous for the words, "give me liberty, or give me death!" | 55 | |
| 1720609455 | Comte de Rochambeau | Commanded a powerful French army of six thousand troops. | 56 | |
| 1720609456 | George Rogers Clark | Frontiersman; gave the region north of the Ohio River to the United States. | 57 | |
| 1720609457 | Richard Henry Lee | Member of the Philadelphia Congress. On June 7, 1776 he declared, "These United colonies are, and of right ought to be, free and independent states." | 58 | |
| 1720609458 | Charles Cornwallis | British general who fought in the Seven Years War, was elected to the House of Commons in 1760, and lost battles to George Washington on December 26, 1776 and on January 3, 1777. | 59 | |
| 1720609459 | Nathanael Greene | Cleared Georgia and South Carolina of British troops. | 60 | |
| 1720609460 | Benedict Arnold | American General during the Revolutionary War; he prevented the British from reaching Ticonderoga; he tried to help the British take West Point and the Hudson River. | 61 | |
| 1720609461 | John Burgoyne | British general given charge of the army, and he surrendered at Saratoga. | 62 | |
| 1720609462 | George Washington | Commander in Chief of Continental Army; first US president | 63 | |
| 1720609463 | William Howe | English General who commanded the English forces at Bunker Hill. | 64 | |
| 1720609464 | King William's War | war between French trappers, British, and Indian allies; colonial war of War of the League of Augsburg in Europe | 65 | |
| 1720609465 | Queen Anne's War | 2nd war between English and French in North, English and Spanish in Florida | 66 | |
| 1720609466 | War of Jenkin's Ear | clash between Britain and Spain in Georgia and Caribbean | 67 | |
| 1720609467 | King George's War | North American War of Austrian Succession; British against French in North | 68 | |
| 1720609468 | Battle of Quebec | British victory over French; end of French rule in North America | 69 | |
| 1720609469 | Pontiac's Uprising | uprising led by Ottawa chief to drive British out of Ohio Country; British won by giving Indians blankets with smallpox | 70 | |
| 1720609470 | Crispus Attucks | One of the first to die in Boston Massacre; mulatto and leader of the mob | 71 | |
| 1720609471 | Thomas Hutchinson | Massachusetts governor whose home was destroyed; agreed tax on tea was unjust; ordered tea ships not to leave harbor until cargo was unloaded | 72 | |
| 1720609472 | Lord Dunmore | governor of Virginia; promised freedom to blacks that joined British army | 73 | |
| 1720609473 | Second Continental Congress | Representative body of delegates from all thirteen colonies; drafted Declaration of Independence | 74 | |
| 1720609474 | Battle of Long Island | battle for control of NY; Britain retained control of city for most of the war | 75 | |
| 1720609475 | Ethan Allen | captured Fort Ticonderoga and Crown Point | 76 | |
| 1720609476 | Richard Montgomery | formerly in British army; captured Montreal | 77 | |
| 1720609477 | Ben Franklin | adored French diplomat | 78 | |
| 1720609478 | Joseph Brant | Mohawk chief; British ally | 79 | |
| 1720609479 | Nathan Hale | American spy; I regret I have but 1 life to give for my country. | 80 | |
| 1720609480 | Alexander Hamilton | economy and finance; 1st bank; secretary of treasury; free market economy; dies in a duel | 81 | |
| 1720609481 | John Jay | author of "The Federalist Papers;" 1st Supreme Court Justice; Secretary of State under Washington; Treaty for War of 1812 | 82 | |
| 1720609482 | James Madison | Father of the Constitution; Federalist Papers; Secretary of state under Jefferson; 4th President | 83 | |
| 1720609483 | G. Mason | Boston Tea Party; boycott all British goods; "Virginia Declaration of Rights" led to Bill of Rights | 84 | |
| 1720609484 | Anti-Federalists | Jefferson, state and individual rights, frontier/south and common man, Bill of Rights | 85 | |
| 1720609485 | Federalists | Pro-federal government, wealthy in North, more say in government, Hamilton and John Adams | 86 | |
| 1720609486 | Albany Congress | conference from June 19 through July 11, 1754 in New York; it advocated a union of the British colonies for defense against French to help cement the loyalty of the Iroquois League. 150 representatives of tribes withdrew without committing themselves to the British cause. | 87 |
