Terms : Hide Images
| 7579612360 | Protestant Reformation | the movement in which it was thought that the Catholic church needed to be revived; leaders included Martin Luther, John Calvin, and King Henry VIII | 0 | |
| 7579612361 | Martin Luther | German monk who said that the Bible alone was the source of God's word; started Protestant Reformation; nailed his 95 Theses to the door of the Catholic church | 1 | |
| 7579612362 | John Calvin | Protestant leader from Geneva who created the dominant religion of American settlers; wrote his theories in Institutes of the Christian Religion | 2 | |
| 7579612363 | Institutes of the Christian Religion | written in 1536 by John Calvin; proposed predestination ("elect" souls were destined for heaven) | 3 | |
| 7579612364 | predestination | a belief in Calvinism which states that the "elect" souls were destined for heaven, while others were destined for hell | 4 | |
| 7579612365 | the "elect" | those destined for heaven; in accordance with Calvinism | 5 | |
| 7579612366 | Calvinism | sect of Puritanism created by John Calvin; dominant religion of American settlers; belief in predestination | 6 | |
| 7579612367 | Separatists | sect of Puritanism that did not want the "saints" to go to church with the "damned" (as was the case with the Church of England); broke away from the Church of England | 7 | |
| 7579612368 | Mayflower | boat (headed by Captain Myles Standish) which carried the English Separatists from Holland to America (Plymouth Bay) | 8 | |
| 7579612369 | Dutchification | Separatists who left England for Holland in 1608 were worried that this was affecting their children | 9 | |
| 7579612370 | Mayflower Compact | document signed by members on the Mayflower which agreed to submit to the will of the majority under the regulations agreed upon (one of the first forms of self-government in America) | 10 | |
| 7579612371 | Puritans | Christian denomination that broke away from the Catholic church during the Protestant Reformation; wanted to revive Catholic church | 11 | |
| 7579612372 | Church of England | created by King Henry VIII when he broke ties with the Roman Catholic Church during the Protestant Reformation | 12 | |
| 7579612373 | Plymouth Bay | where the pilgrims aboard the Mayflower landed | 13 | |
| 7579612374 | Pilgrims | English Separatists who left Holland for America and landed in Plymouth Bay | 14 | |
| 7579612375 | William Bradford | elected governor of Plymouth; feared non-Puritan settlers | 15 | |
| 7579612376 | Bible Commonwealth | another name for the Massachusetts Bay Colony because of religious drive | 16 | |
| 7579612377 | Massachusetts Bay Colony | settled in 1629 by non-Separatist Puritans | 17 | |
| 7579612378 | John Winthrop | first governor of Massachusetts Bay Colony; helped start economy | 18 | |
| 7579612379 | "city upon a hill" | what John Winthrop called Massachusetts Bay Colony because he thought it would serve as a religious model for mankind | 19 | |
| 7579612380 | freemen | the only people who could vote in the Massachusetts Bay Colony; adult, Puritan males | 20 | |
| 7579612381 | "visible saints" | those who were clearly part of the "elect"; alone were eligible for church membership (therefore, the right to vote) | 21 | |
| 7579612382 | John Cotton | clergyman in Massachusetts Bay Colony; defended government's duty to enforce religious rules | 22 | |
| 7579612383 | Roger Williams | wanted a clean break with the Church of England and thought the Massachusetts Bay Colony was unfair to Indians and said government shouldn't regulate religious behavior; banished from Massachusetts Bay Colony in 1635; arrived in Rhode Island in 1636 and built a Baptist church; made complete freedom of religion and sheltered Jews, Catholics, and Quakers | 23 | |
| 7579612384 | Anne Hutchinson | woman in Massachusetts Bay Colony who preached idea of antinomianism; 1638, banished and forced to walk to and settle in Rhode Island | 24 | |
| 7579612385 | antinomianism | the belief that holy life was no true sign of salvation and the saved didn't have to follow laws of God or man; preached by Anne Hutchinson | 25 | |
| 7579612386 | General Court | the representative assembly of the Massachusetts Bay Colony | 26 | |
| 7579612387 | Squanto | Wampanoag Indian (in Plymouth Bay) who knew English from previously being captured by an Englishman; he helped keep peaceful relations between the English and the Wampanoag for the time being | 27 | |
| 7579612388 | Reverend Thomas Hooker | leader of Boston Puritans, who swept in and took control of the Connecticut River Valley | 28 | |
| 7579612389 | Fundamental Orders | 1639, constitution of Connecticut in which the regime was democratically controlled by citizens | 29 | |
| 7579612390 | Massasoit | chief of Plymouth area Wampanoag; signed treaty with Plymouth Pilgrims in 1621 and helped them celebrate first Thanksgiving | 30 | |
| 7579612391 | King Phillip (Metacom) | son of Massasoit; forged inter-tribal alliance and assaulted frontier settlements (pushed settlers back to Boston); this slowed English westward march in New England and drastically reduced threat of Indians | 31 | |
| 7579612392 | New England Confederation | inter-colonial alliance formed in 1643 between Bay Colony, Plymouth, New Haven, and scattered Connecticut valley settlements; purpose was to provide defense against Indians, French, and Dutch; each colony had two votes; first united representative government in America | 32 | |
| 7579612393 | Dominion of New England | 1686, created by crown (included NY and East and West Jersey) for protection against Indians and to promote English Navigation Laws; inter-colonial alliance imposed by England | 33 | |
| 7579612394 | Navigation Laws | English laws that ended legal trade between colonies and non-English countries; resulted in resentment and smuggling | 34 | |
| 7579612395 | Sir Edmund Andros | English-placed leader of the Dominion of New England; despised for affiliation with Chruch of England and for heavy restrictions (taxation without representation); sent back to England by Boston mob | 35 | |
| 7579612396 | Glorious Revolution | took place in England in 1688-1689; bloodlessly replaced Catholic James II with Protestant Dutch William II and English May (daughter of James II); inspired colonists to the point that a Boston mob sent Andros back to England | 36 | |
| 7579612397 | William and Mary | Protestant Dutch King and English Queen (daughter of James II) who replaced Catholic James II as monarchs of England during the Glorious Revolution | 37 | |
| 7579612398 | salutary neglect | new monarchs (William and Mary) relaxed grip on colonial trade; colonies had to rely on themselves and got a taste of independence | 38 | |
| 7579612399 | Henry Hudson | Dutch-hired English explorer who ventured into Delaware and NY bay and Hudson River in 1609 | 39 | |
| 7579612400 | Dutch West India Company | company in Caribbean that raided and traded; also in Africa and in sugar industry in Brazil; established colony in New Netherland (Hudson River) for fur; also bought Manhattan from Indians | 40 | |
| 7579612401 | Peter Stuyvesant | one Dutch directors-general in New Netherland (NY) who fought off Swedes and surrendered to English | 41 | |
| 7579612402 | Quakers (Religious Society of Friends) | religious group that arose in England in the mid 1600s who were politically and religiously offensive to officials | 42 | |
| 7579612403 | William Penn | fled to New World for religious freedom (since he was a Quaker), liberal government, and money; secured grant of Pennsylvania in 1681 | 43 | |
| 7579612404 | William Laud | reactionary Puritan Archbishop who was persecuted in 1629 when Parliament was dismissed by Charles I; lead Puritans to America, fearing for their faith | 44 | |
| 7579612405 | Gustavus Adolphus | Swedish king who carried the torch for Protestantism during the Thirty Years' War of 1618-1648; this motivated the Swedes to enter the colonial game in America, particularly in New York | 45 | |
| 7579612406 | franchise | an authorization to sell a company's goods or services in a particular place | 46 | |
| 7579612407 | conversion | a spiritual enlightenment causing a person to lead a new life | 47 | |
| 7579612408 | doctrine of a calling | Puritan belief that they are responsible to do God's work on earth | 48 | |
| 7579612409 | convenant | enter into a formal agreement; promise | 49 | |
| 7579612410 | "blue" laws | laws aimed at making sure pleasures stayed simple by repressing certain human instincts | 50 | |
| 7579612411 | pacifism | belief that violence and war of any type are unjustifiable and disputes should be setted by peaceful means; part of Quaker belief system, esp. in regards to war | 51 | |
| 7579612412 | Great Migration | of the 70,000 who emigrated from England in 1630-1642, 20,000 went to New England while 48,000 went to the West Indies | 52 | |
| 7579612413 | Protestant ethic | part of Puritanism in the Bay Colony; involved serious commitment to work and to engagement in worldly pursuits | 53 |
