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| 2876409298 | Second Continental Congress | • Met in May 1775 • All 13 colonies were represented • Still conservative and trying to get grievances addressed by England • Chose George Washington to lead battle at Boston | 0 | |
| 2876541004 | Ethan Allen | • Led battle at Ticonderoga and Crown Point with Benedict Arnold that captured the artillery and gunpowder for battle at Boston | 1 | |
| 2876542138 | Benedict Arnold | • Led battle with Ethan Allen at Ticonderoga and Crown Point that captured the artillery and gunpowder for battle at Boston • Participated in the failed attack on Quebec with his bedraggled army • Defeated in Lake Champlain but earned the colonists some time to prepare for the British attack on the north • Was a traitor and a sell out to England when he made plans to sell West Point in 1780 | 2 | |
| 2876544460 | Bunker Hill | • Battle where 1500 colonists defeated 3000 blundering British • Colonists eventually had to retreat hastily due to a gunpowder shortage | 3 | |
| 2876547009 | Olive Branch Petition | • Petition in July 1775 by the Continental Congress • Begged the king to end hostilities and professed loyalty to the crown | 4 | |
| 2876553928 | Hessians | • German soldiers-for-hire that were used by George III against the colonists • They had a reputation of being tough but many were quick to desert and become members of America • Their hiring angered the colonists greatly because they felt that the war was just between them and England | 5 | |
| 2876559985 | Richard Montgomery | • Irish-born general that captured Montreal in the American conquest of Canada • He was killed in the failed attack on Quebec in December 1775 | 6 | |
| 2876560860 | Thomas Paine | • Radical that called for republicanism in America • Wrote Common Sense | 7 | |
| 2876563402 | Common Sense | • Bestseller pamphlet by Thomas Paine • Called for government that derives its power from the people, and it explained that independence was common sense | 8 | |
| 2876565099 | Richard Henry Lee | • Virginian member of the Philadelphia Congress • Moved that the colonies become independent in June 1776, which was passed in July | 9 | |
| 2876566845 | Declaration of Independence | • Written by Thomas Jefferson and approved by congress on the 4th of July in 1776 • One-sidedly explained reasoning behind American independence | 10 | |
| 2876569075 | Declaration of the Rights of Man | • French document similar to the Declaration of Independence • Created in 1789 | 11 | |
| 2876571126 | Loyalists | • Colonists loyal to the crown often called Tories in reference to the British party • About 16% of the colonists and more frequent where the Anglican church was strongest | 12 | |
| 2876573533 | Patriots | • American rebels who wanted independence • Often called Whigs in reference to the British opposing political party | 13 | |
| 2876575184 | Battle of Long Island | • Battle between a huge fleet of British and a small ill-trained group of colonists • Washington barely escaped with the troops to Manhattan Island in late 1776 | 14 | |
| 2876577047 | Lord Charles Cornwallis | • British general defeated in the American south by Greene | 15 | |
| 2876578260 | William Howe | • British general that led troops at Bunker Hill and in the Battle of Long Island • Attacked Philadelphia and beat Washington then settled down when he should have pushed northward to meet up with Burgoyne's troops | 16 | |
| 2876579913 | Trenton | • Surprise attack in December 1776 where colonists captured 1000 Hessians | 17 | |
| 2876581308 | John Burgoyne | • General who pushed downward from Canada in the British attempt to cut off New England from the rest of the colonies • defeated Benedict Arnold at Lake Champlain in 1776, but this battle forced him to return to Canada for the winter • defeated at Saratoga in late 1777 | 18 | |
| 2876583482 | Benjamin Franklin | • Sent to Paris to make negotiations toward an alliance with France • He showed up to negotiations in plain clothes | 19 | |
| 2876584997 | Model Treaty | • Guide for American ambassadors to France on what to put in the real alliance between America and France • Written in 1776 by the Continental Congress | 20 | |
| 2876586611 | Armed Neutrality | • Organized by Catherine the Great of Russia • Lined up neutral countries in passive hostility toward England | 21 | |
| 2876587945 | Comte de Rochambeau | • Frenchman who commanded the 6000 regulars who arrived at Rhode Island in 1780 | 22 | |
| 2876589597 | Nathanael Greene | • General with a strategy of fighting and pulling back intermittently to wear out the enemy • Defeated Lord Cornwallis in the south | 23 | |
| 2876590750 | Joseph Brant | • Mohawk chief and Anglican convert who though that a British win in the war would restrict American expansion • Ravaged areas of the American west until 1779 | 24 | |
| 2876592461 | Treaty of Fort Stanwix | • Treaty between America and the Iroquois that ceded most of the Iroquois land | 25 | |
| 2876593427 | Privateers | • Legalized pirates that ravaged British merchant ships and brought gold to the colonies during a time of need | 26 | |
| 2876594334 | Yorktown | • Location in the Chesapeake where Cornwallis was forced to surrender by being surrounded by Washington, de Grasse, and Rochambeau in 1781 | 27 | |
| 2876595728 | Admiral de Grasse | • French admiral that beat off the British fleet and cutting off Cornwallis by sea | 28 | |
| 2876596734 | Treaty of Paris | • 1783 treaty where Britain recognized American independence, America's land boundaries were defined, and America agreed to repay debts to Britain and treat Loyalists better | 29 | |
| 2889657313 | Saratoga | • Decisive battle in 1777 where colonists beat Burgoyne in the British campaign to separate New England | 30 |
