Everything to do with animal cells needed for SK277
The energy currency of the cell. | ||
The extension of a neuron that carries information away from the cell body | ||
Opposite the apical membrane, (e.g. in gut epithelial cells it is in contact with the bloodstream) | ||
Opposite the basal membrane, (e.g. in gut epithelial cells it is in contact with the lumen) | ||
Programmed cell death | ||
The boundary layer of the cell; a double layer of phospholipid molecules. | ||
The unit of which all living things are composed | ||
The use of oxygen by cells to provide energy, normally from oxidation of glucose | ||
Structures inside the nucleus, made of DNA and protein, which carry the cell's hereditary information | ||
The fluid contents of the cell | ||
Short neuronal processes (extensions of the neuronal cell body) that conduct information towards the cell body of the neuron | ||
The process by which a cell engulfs and ingests extracellular material | ||
Extrusion of material from the cell via vescicles fusing with the cell membrane | ||
Refers to something that is produced inside an organism or cell | ||
System of membranous sacs permeating the cytosol. Does not contain ribosomes. | ||
System of membranous sacs permeating the cytosol. Contains ribosomes. (synthesises proteins) | ||
A class of proteins all of which function as biological catalysts | ||
Red blood cells | ||
Outside the cell | ||
Inside the cell | ||
The material between cells in tissues, made up of polysaccharides and proteins (e.g. collagen and elastin) | ||
The cells that can fuse to generate a new individual. (i.e. eggs and sperm) | ||
A collection of cell bodies of neurons in the peripheral nervous system | ||
A length of DNA that carries a particular instruction | ||
complete collection of genes in a cell | ||
Non-neuronal cells found within the nervous system that provide essential supportive and nutritive functions towards neurons | ||
Flattened membranous sacs in which manufactured proteins are packaged often for export out of the cell | ||
The term for having one set of chromosomes, e.g. germ cells | ||
The term for having two sets of homologous chromosomes, e.g. in most cells but not germ cells | ||
"Water loving", has a tendancy to associate with water molecules | ||
"Water hating" has a tendancy to associate with non polar molecules and away from water | ||
The fluid that bathes and nourishes the body cells | ||
Chemicals such as acetoacetate, made by cells in the body when glucose is in short supply | ||
A collective term for all the various types of white cell | ||
Organelle responsible for intracellular digestion, required for the destruction of pathogenic microbes and the recycling of materials | ||
A type of cell division that results in the production of four haploid daughter cells | ||
Organelle responsible for producing most of the cell's ATP (energy currency) | ||
Type of cell division that occurs in growth and repair - one cell divides into two identical cells | ||
The shape of an organism or cell | ||
The description of an organism consisting of many cells | ||
Type of cell in the nervous system whose function is to transmit information in the form of electrical potentials | ||
A membrane bound structure within a cell, which containes the chromosomes | ||
Genes that can turn a cell into a cancerous cell by the promotion of uncontrolled cell growth and division | ||
Membrane bound structure in the cytosol (e.g. nucleus, mitochondrion) | ||
Process whereby a phagocytic cell engulfs a target and destroys it | ||
These make up the membrane layer of cells and consist of a phosphate group and fatty acid 'tails'. | ||
Genes that promote cell growth and cell division in normal healthy cells | ||
Cellular reaction that uses oxygen and glucose to produce ATP, waste products produced are carbon dioxide and water | ||
Particle composed of RNA and protein, site of protein synthesis in the cell, normally attached to the endoplasmic reticulum (can also be free in the cytosol) | ||
Helps the cell to maintain its shape, attached to inner surface of cell membrane | ||
Molecules within the cell that transmit information between different parts of the cell. They are responsible for opening receptorgated channels following the binding of transmitter molecules to receptors | ||
The process of export of substances out of cells | ||
A membrane that allows the passage of some substances but not others | ||
a carrier protein located in the cell membrane that uses ATP to pump sodium out of the cell and potassium into the cell via active transport | ||
Not a germ cell, a diploid cell | ||
A gamete, a haploid cell. | ||
A component of cell membranes conferring rigidity | ||
membranous sac found in cells used in exocytosis and endocytosis |