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The Cell

Everything to do with animal cells needed for SK277

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The energy currency of the cell.
The extension of a neuron that carries information away from the cell body
Opposite the apical membrane, (e.g. in gut epithelial cells it is in contact with the bloodstream)
Opposite the basal membrane, (e.g. in gut epithelial cells it is in contact with the lumen)
Programmed cell death
The boundary layer of the cell; a double layer of phospholipid molecules.
The unit of which all living things are composed
The use of oxygen by cells to provide energy, normally from oxidation of glucose
Structures inside the nucleus, made of DNA and protein, which carry the cell's hereditary information
The fluid contents of the cell
Short neuronal processes (extensions of the neuronal cell body) that conduct information towards the cell body of the neuron
The process by which a cell engulfs and ingests extracellular material
Extrusion of material from the cell via vescicles fusing with the cell membrane
Refers to something that is produced inside an organism or cell
System of membranous sacs permeating the cytosol. Does not contain ribosomes.
System of membranous sacs permeating the cytosol. Contains ribosomes. (synthesises proteins)
A class of proteins all of which function as biological catalysts
Red blood cells
Outside the cell
Inside the cell
The material between cells in tissues, made up of polysaccharides and proteins (e.g. collagen and elastin)
The cells that can fuse to generate a new individual. (i.e. eggs and sperm)
A collection of cell bodies of neurons in the peripheral nervous system
A length of DNA that carries a particular instruction
complete collection of genes in a cell
Non-neuronal cells found within the nervous system that provide essential supportive and nutritive functions towards neurons
Flattened membranous sacs in which manufactured proteins are packaged often for export out of the cell
The term for having one set of chromosomes, e.g. germ cells
The term for having two sets of homologous chromosomes, e.g. in most cells but not germ cells
"Water loving", has a tendancy to associate with water molecules
"Water hating" has a tendancy to associate with non polar molecules and away from water
The fluid that bathes and nourishes the body cells
Chemicals such as acetoacetate, made by cells in the body when glucose is in short supply
A collective term for all the various types of white cell
Organelle responsible for intracellular digestion, required for the destruction of pathogenic microbes and the recycling of materials
A type of cell division that results in the production of four haploid daughter cells
Organelle responsible for producing most of the cell's ATP (energy currency)
Type of cell division that occurs in growth and repair - one cell divides into two identical cells
The shape of an organism or cell
The description of an organism consisting of many cells
Type of cell in the nervous system whose function is to transmit information in the form of electrical potentials
A membrane bound structure within a cell, which containes the chromosomes
Genes that can turn a cell into a cancerous cell by the promotion of uncontrolled cell growth and division
Membrane bound structure in the cytosol (e.g. nucleus, mitochondrion)
Process whereby a phagocytic cell engulfs a target and destroys it
These make up the membrane layer of cells and consist of a phosphate group and fatty acid 'tails'.
Genes that promote cell growth and cell division in normal healthy cells
Cellular reaction that uses oxygen and glucose to produce ATP, waste products produced are carbon dioxide and water
Particle composed of RNA and protein, site of protein synthesis in the cell, normally attached to the endoplasmic reticulum (can also be free in the cytosol)
Helps the cell to maintain its shape, attached to inner surface of cell membrane
Molecules within the cell that transmit information between different parts of the cell. They are responsible for opening receptorgated channels following the binding of transmitter molecules to receptors
The process of export of substances out of cells
A membrane that allows the passage of some substances but not others
a carrier protein located in the cell membrane that uses ATP to pump sodium out of the cell and potassium into the cell via active transport
Not a germ cell, a diploid cell
A gamete, a haploid cell.
A component of cell membranes conferring rigidity
membranous sac found in cells used in exocytosis and endocytosis

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