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| 285743986 | Ottoman Empire | Centered in Constantinople, the Turkish imperial state that conquered large amounts of land in the Middle East, North Africa, and the Balkans, and fell after World War I. | 0 | |
| 285743987 | Suleiman the Magnificent | an ottoman ruler who ruled from 1520-1566. Under his reign, the Turks build the most powerful empire in the world | 1 | |
| 285743988 | Janissaries | Infantry, originally of slave origin, armed with firearms and constituting the elite of the Ottoman army from the fifteenth century until the corps was abolished in 1826. | 2 | |
| 285743989 | Tulip Period | Last years of the reign of Ottoman sultan Ahmed III, during which European styles and attitudes became briefly popular in Istanbul. | 3 | |
| 285743990 | Safavid Empire | Iranian kingdom (1502-1722) established by Ismail Safavi, who declared Iran a Shi'ite state. | 4 | |
| 285743991 | Shi'ites | Muslims belonging to the branch of Islam believing that God vests leadership of the community in a descendant of Muhammad's son-in-law Ali. Shi'ism is the state religion of Iran. | 5 | |
| 285743992 | Hidden Imam | Last in a series of twelve descendants of Muhammad's son-in-law Ali, whom Shi'ites consider divinely appointed leaders of the Muslim community. In occlusion since ca. 873, he is expected to return as a messiah at the end of time. | 6 | |
| 285743993 | Shah Abbas | Shah of Iran (r. 1587-1629). The most illustrious ruler of the Safavid Empire, he moved the imperial capital to Isfahan in 1598, where he erected many palaces, mosques, and public buildings. | 7 | |
| 285743994 | Mughal Empire | Muslim state (1526-1857) exercising dominion over most of India in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. | 8 | |
| 285743995 | Akbar | Most illustrious sultan of the Mughal Empire in India (r. 1556-1605). He expanded the empire and pursued a policy of conciliation with Hindus. | 9 | |
| 285743996 | mansabs | In India, grants of land given in return for service by rulers of the Mughal Empire. | 10 | |
| 285743997 | Rajputs | Members of a mainly Hindu warrior caste from northwest India. The Mughal emperors drew most of their Hindu officials from this caste, and Akbar I married a Rajput princess. | 11 | |
| 285743998 | Acheh Sultanate | Muslim kingdom in northern Sumatra. Main center of Islamic expansion in Southeast Asia in the early seventeenth century, it declined after the Dutch seized Malacca from Portugal in 1641. | 12 | |
| 285743999 | Oman | Arab state based in Musqat, the main port in the southwest region of the Arabian peninsula. Oman succeeded Portugal as a power in the western Indian Ocean in the eighteenth century. | 13 | |
| 285744000 | Swahili | a Bantu language with Arabic words spoken along the East African coast | 14 | |
| 285744001 | Batavia | Fort established in 1619 as headquarters of Dutch East India Company operations in Indonesia | 15 |
