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| 286816988 | the middle ages | the time between the fall of the roman empire of the west to the rise of kings and nation-states (aka the dark ages) | 0 | |
| 286816989 | early middle ages | barbaric and muslim invasions, dominance of the catholic church, charlemagne and the frankish kingdom and other germanic invasions like ostrogoths, vandals, ect | 1 | |
| 286816990 | high middle ages | barbaric invasions, feudalism, code of chivalry, manor system and dominance of catholic church | 2 | |
| 286816991 | late middle ages | rise of cities and kings, formation of nation-states, decline of the catholic church, no more barbaric invasions, kings=stronger, bubonic plauge | 3 | |
| 286816992 | early middle ages | after the fall of the roman empire of the west, germanic tribes like the vandals, ostogoths, franks, ect. established small kingdoms, franks=most significan ger. tribe | 4 | |
| 286816993 | pepin 2 or pepin the short | father of charlemagne, had a pact w/ pope about lombards and the papal states, crowned by pope, legitimancy of rule for kings, birth of the charlemagne dynasty | 5 | |
| 286816994 | charlemagne | relgious and intelligent ruler, military leader, father of europe, kept muslims from taking over frankish kingdom, crowned holy roman emperor by pope leo2 on xmas day | 6 | |
| 286816995 | charlemange | when he died, frankish kingdom went to his son-louis pious | 7 | |
| 286816996 | louis pious | son of charlemange, divided kingdom into 3 parts for his three children--known as the treaty of verdun(charles the bald-west king, lothair-central sect, louis the german-east) | 8 | |
| 286816997 | three key concepts of middle ages | feudalsim, chivalry, the manor system | 9 | |
| 286971543 | feudalsim | political system, a decentralized gov't, loyalty to clan or family, relationship of obligation b/t lord and vassals | 10 | |
| 286971544 | obligations from the vassal to the lord | loyalty to lord, protect lord+fam, fight for lord in battles, administer fair justice for the lord, feed and house the lord | 11 | |
| 286971545 | obligations from the lord to the vassal | grant fief and allow for inheritance, treat vassal with honor, protect vassals children upon death of vassal, | 12 | |
| 286971546 | primogenitureship | when first vassal recieves fief he says oldest son will inherit fief and have to listen to lord | 13 | |
| 286971547 | process of becoming a knight | page: ages 5-7 feed horse, make bed, watch knight, squire:age 14 prove self in a battle, put armour on knight, be dubbed a knight | 14 | |
| 286971548 | chivalry | fear God, fight for welfare of all, administer justice, guard fellow knights, keep catholic faith, be truthful at all times, respect women, never turn back on enemy | 15 | |
| 286971549 | the manor system | economic system, land ownership of fief + manor, manor=self-sufficient, manor=estate, only time lord left was when he had obligations to feudal lord | 16 | |
| 286971550 | life of serfs on manor | worked land for lord, so poor they became enslaved in order to survive, could not marry or own property, peasants | 17 | |
| 286971551 | life of free peasants on manor | rented land from lord, skilled workers who attended to lord in exchange for protection, worked in the fields | 18 | |
| 286971552 | religious domination | looked to church for guidence, church taught to endure hardships in life for reward in heaven, encouraged to be priests and nuns, daily prayer and daily mass | 19 | |
| 286971553 | political domination | papal declaration, canon law, enforcement of punishment (excommunication-one person, interdict-village or town, inquisition-trial system for heretics) | 20 | |
| 286971554 | heretics | people who were against the catholic church | 21 | |
| 286971555 | papal declaration | civil law was below church law; ruler of europe was the pope | 22 | |
| 286971556 | canon law | laws of the catholic church; had to abide and not question them | 23 | |
| 286971557 | hierarchy of the catholic church | pope, curia(cardinals who advise the pope), cardinals('princes of the church'), archbishops, bishops, priests | 24 | |
| 286971558 | economic domination | pope was land owner,10% of salary 2 church , peters pence(1cent per yr for popes charities, donations, monastic agriculture, monastic trade(wine), fair labor | 25 | |
| 286971559 | social domination | marriage and family, the poor-establishment of hospitals, orphanages, and poor houses run by members of religious life | 26 | |
| 286971560 | monasticism | the giving up of the material world for life of prayer and hardship for ones family, being in the presence of God at all times | 27 | |
| 286971561 | monastery | either an all male or female religious community | 28 | |
| 286971562 | education of priests/nuns | church only allowed those in religious life to be educated, some fathers forced girls to commit as early as 13 | 29 | |
| 286971563 | monks and nuns | teachers, nurses, social workers, farmers, or created illuminated manuscripts | 30 | |
| 286971564 | founders of monasticism | st. bendict and st. scholastics- benedictines st. francis of assisi and st. clare- franciscans | 31 | |
| 286971565 | characteristics of late middle ages | end of feudalism, decline of church power, rise of kings, development of nationstates, revival of towns, growth of trade, greater intrest in education an learning | 32 | |
| 286971566 | crusades | weakened church, muslims controlled holy land, crusaders began to believe God had abandoned them, fifth crusade made people angry at the church | 33 | |
| 286971567 | babylonian captivity | weakened church, two popes one in france on in italy, pope was french-french kings made him go to france for power, cardinals elected new pope to be in rome | 34 | |
| 286971568 | great schism | weakened church, both popes stepped down, headquarters of church=rome, only italian cardinals elected pope from then on | 35 | |
| 286971569 | black death | weakened church, bubonic plauge, via trade w/ china, 1/3 of europe died, people felt abandonded by church/God | 36 | |
| 286971570 | rise of kings/formation of nation states | kings grew strong-able to defend land, wanted to take on greatness of charlemagne, civil authority=stronger then church | 37 | |
| 286971571 | formation of nation states | people began being more loyal to king then to pope, king could defend people better as well as property/busniess, first 2 countries=england and france | 38 | |
| 287160135 | revival of towns | end of feudalism, protected by new kings, located near good harbors, grew larger with increase of trade ex. london, paris, madrid, etc. | 39 | |
| 287160136 | growth of trade | great intrest for items crusaders brought from the holy land, merchants set up shops, growth of middle class, led to organized banking system in europe | 40 | |
| 287160137 | greater intrest in education and culture | births of uni. such as oxford, uni of paris, uni of bologna; books written in vernacular language, little tech advancement in middle ages b/c church only let priests, nuns, and monks be educated | 41 |
