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| 13831146392 | Evolution | Change in a kind of organism over time; process by which modern organisms have descended from ancient organisms. | 0 | |
| 13831147647 | Charles Darwin | English natural scientist who formulated a theory of evolution by natural selection (1809-1882) | 1 | |
| 13831159448 | Artificial selection | Breeding organisms with specific traits in order to produce offspring with identical traits. | 2 | |
| 13831202527 | homologous structures | Structures in different species that are similar because of common ancestry. | 3 | |
| 13831205459 | analogous structures | structures that do not have a common evolutionary origin but are similar in function | 4 | |
| 13831206956 | vestigial structures | remnant of a structure that may have had an important function in a species' ancestors, but has no clear function in the modern species. | 5 | |
| 13831209848 | emergent properties | New properties that arise with each step upward in the hierarchy of life, owing to the arrangement and interactions of parts as complexity increases. | 6 | |
| 13831213942 | Atoms | Building blocks of matter | 7 | |
| 13831213943 | Molecules | Groups of two or more atoms held together by chemical bonds | 8 | |
| 13831215399 | Organelles are | like tiny organs within cells. | 9 | |
| 13831215400 | Cells | Basic unit of life | 10 | |
| 13831217415 | Organs | Tissues are organized into:, group of tissues that work together to perform closely related functions. | 11 | |
| 13831218728 | organ system | group of organs that work together to perform a specific function | 12 | |
| 13831251265 | hydrogen bond | Attraction between a slightly positive hydrogen atom and a slightly negative atom. | 13 | |
| 13831253081 | Adhesion | An attraction between molecules of different substances | 14 | |
| 13831254725 | surface tension | A measure of how difficult it is to stretch or break the surface of a liquid | 15 | |
| 13831256399 | Cohesion | Attraction between molecules of the same substance | 16 | |
| 13831258187 | specific heat | The amount of energy required to raise the temperature of 1 gram of a substance by 1 degree celsius | 17 | |
| 13831259805 | Solvent | A liquid substance capable of dissolving other substances | 18 | |
| 13831259806 | Solute | A substance that is dissolved in a solution. | 19 | |
| 13831259807 | Solution | A homogeneous mixture of two or more substances | 20 | |
| 13831261160 | Hydrophobic | Water fearing | 21 | |
| 13831262775 | Hydrophilic | Attracted to water | 22 | |
| 13831263928 | mole | the SI base unit used to measure the amount of a substance | 23 | |
| 13831266176 | Hydroxyl |  | 24 | |
| 13831269992 | carbonly group | C=O | 25 | |
| 13831277338 | carboxyl group | COOH | 26 | |
| 13831277339 | Methyl |  | 27 | |
| 13831279702 | Isomers | Two different molecules that have the same chemical formula | 28 | |
| 13831284818 | Polymer | A long molecule consisting of many similar or identical monomers linked together. | 29 | |
| 13831284819 | Monomer | A simple compound whose molecules can join together to form polymers | 30 | |
| 13831286857 | hydrolysis reaction | A chemical reaction that breaks apart a larger molecule by adding a molecule of water |  | 31 |
| 13831286858 | dehydration synthesis | A chemical reaction in which two molecules covalently bond to each other with the removal of a water molecule. |  | 32 |
| 13831291326 | Monosaccharides | glucose, fructose, galactose |  | 33 |
| 13831291327 | Disaccharide | A double sugar, consisting of two monosaccharides joined by dehydration synthesis. |  | 34 |
| 13831294973 | Polysaccharides | Carbohydrates that are made up of more than two monosaccharides |  | 35 |
| 13831298205 | Glycogen | An extensively branched glucose storage polysaccharide found in the liver and muscle of animals; the animal equivalent of starch. | 36 | |
| 13831298206 | Cellulose | A substance (made of sugars) that is common in the cell walls of many organisms | 37 | |
| 13831300184 | Chitin | A structural polysaccharide, consisting of amino sugar monomers, found in many fungal cell walls and in the exoskeletons of all arthropods. | 38 | |
| 13831302119 | DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) | A complex molecule containing the genetic information that makes up the chromosomes. | 39 | |
| 13831305026 | RNA | single-stranded nucleic acid that contains the sugar ribose | 40 | |
| 13831306926 | Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) | type of RNA that makes up the major part of ribosomes | 41 | |
| 13831309560 | transferRNA (tRNA) | brings amino acids to ribosomes | 42 | |
| 13831309561 | Messanger RNA (mRNA) | A single strand of RNA that carries instructions from a gene to make a protein | 43 | |
| 13831312896 | adensoine triposphate (ATP) | compound used by cells to store and release energy | 44 | |
| 13831315288 | nicotinadenine dinucleotide | What does NAD+ stand for? | 45 | |
| 13831316950 | Amino Acids | building blocks of proteins | 46 | |
| 13831318981 | amino acids picture |  | 47 | |
| 13831322982 | peptide bond | The chemical bond that forms between the carboxyl group of one amino acid and the amino group of another amino acid | 48 | |
| 13831322983 | Polypeptide | A polymer (chain) of many amino acids linked together by peptide bonds. | 49 | |
| 13831325433 | secondary structure of protein | protein structure is formed by folding and twisting of amino acid chain |  | 50 |
| 13831333207 | chaperone proteins | assist in folding other proteins | 51 | |
| 13831337342 | Dissociation | the separation of ions that occurs when an ionic compound dissolves | 52 | |
| 13831337343 | Lipids | Energy-rich organic compounds, such as fats, oils, and waxes, that are made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. | 53 | |
| 13831338754 | Triglycerides | an energy-rich compound made up of a single molecule of glycerol and three molecules of fatty acid. | 54 | |
| 13831340971 | saturated fats | A fat that is solid at room temperature and found in animal fats, lards, and dairy products. | 55 | |
| 13831341318 | saturated fats (picture) |  | 56 | |
| 13831343157 | unsaturated fats | A fat that is liquid at room temperature and found in vegetable oils, nuts, and seeds. | 57 | |
| 13831343158 | unsaturated fats (picture) |  | 58 | |
| 13831345813 | Phospholipids | A molecule that is a constituent of the inner bilayer of biological membranes, having a polar, hydrophilic head and a nonpolar, hydrophobic tail. | 59 | |
| 13831346660 | Phospholipid (picture) |  | 60 | |
| 13831353700 | The surface area-to-volume ratio of a cell | explains why cells are small | 61 | |
| 13831356138 | Cell theory states | All living things are made up of cells, cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things, new cells are produced from existing cells | 62 | |
| 13831375910 | light microscope | An optical instrument with lenses that refract (bend) visible light to magnify images of specimens. | 63 | |
| 13831378342 | Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) | A microscope that uses an electron beam to study the internal structure of thinly sectioned specimens. | 64 | |
| 13831382740 | Prokaryote | A unicellular organism that lacks a nucleus and membrane bound organelles | 65 | |
| 13831382741 | Nucleoid | A dense region of DNA in a prokaryotic cell. | 66 | |
| 13831383853 | nuclear envelope | layer of two membranes that surrounds the nucleus of a cell | 67 | |
| 13831385499 | Cytoplasm | A jellylike fluid inside the cell in which the organelles are suspended | 68 | |
| 13831389055 | Ribosomes | site of protein synthesis | 69 | |
| 13831392393 | peptidoglycan | A protein-carbohydrate compound that makes the cell walls of bacteria rigid | 70 | |
| 13831394287 | cell wall | A rigid layer of nonliving material that surrounds the cells of plants and some other organisms. | 71 | |
| 13831394288 | Flagella | whiplike tails found in one-celled organisms to aid in movement | 72 | |
| 13831934439 | Chromatin | granular material visible within the nucleus; consists of DNA tightly coiled around proteins | 73 | |
| 13831937076 | Endoplasmic Reticulum | A cell structure that forms a maze of passageways in which proteins and other materials are carried from one part of the cell to another. | 74 | |
| 13831939632 | Cilia | Hairlike projections that extend from the plasma membrane and are used for locomotion | 75 | |
| 13831939633 | nuclear pores | holes in the nuclear envelope that allow materials to pass in and out of the nucleus | 76 | |
| 13831945058 | Glycoproteins | Membrane carbohydrates that are covalently bonded to proteins. | 77 | |
| 13831945059 | Smooth ER | That portion of the endoplasmic reticulum that is free of ribosomes. | 78 | |
| 13831950589 | Golgi apparatus | A system of membranes that modifies and packages proteins for export by the cell | 79 | |
| 13831950590 | Lysosomes | An organelle containing digestive enzymes | 80 | |
| 13831954186 | Peroxisomes | Contain oxidase enzymes that detoxify alcohol, hydrogen peroxide, and other harmful chemicals | 81 | |
| 13831954187 | Vacuoles | Cell organelle that stores materials such as water, salts, proteins, and carbohydrates | 82 | |
| 13831957090 | Tonoplast | A membrane that encloses the central vacuole in a plant cell, separating the cytosol from the cell sap | 83 | |
| 13831960027 | Mitochondria | An organelle found in large numbers in most cells, in which the biochemical processes of respiration and energy production occur. | 84 | |
| 13831960028 | Chloroplast | An organelle found in plant and algae cells where photosynthesis occurs | 85 | |
| 13831962280 | Matrix | Innermost compartment of the mitochondrion | 86 | |
| 13831965175 | Amyloplast | stores starch | 87 | |
| 13831965176 | Plastids | organelles that are surrounded by a double membrane and contain their own DNA | 88 | |
| 13831971226 | Endosymbiosis | symbiosis in which one of the symbiotic organisms lives inside the other. | 89 | |
| 13831973821 | Centrioles | Cell organelle that aids in cell division in animal cells only | 90 | |
| 13831977247 | actin filaments | protein fibers that play a role in cell division and shape | 91 | |
| 13831980104 | basal body | A eukaryotic cell organelle consisting of a 9 + 0 arrangement of microtubule triplets; may organize the microtubule assembly of a cilium or flagellum; structurally identical to a centriole. | 92 | |
| 13832156602 | Nucleolus | Found inside the nucleus and produces ribosomes | 93 | |
| 13832159287 | Cell membrane (plasma membrane) | encloses the cell, regulates the passage of materials into and out of the cell. | 94 |
