Terms : Hide Images
| 11830847115 | cognition | the mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remembering, and communicating | 0 | |
| 11830847116 | concept | a mental grouping of similar objects, events, ideas, or people | 1 | |
| 11830848477 | prototype | a mental image or best example of a category. matching new items to a prototype provides a quick and easy method for sorting items into categories (as when comparing feathered creatures to a prototypical bird, such as a robin) | 2 | |
| 11830848478 | Algorithm | a methodical, logical rule or procedure that guarantees solving a particular problem. contrasts with the usually speedier- but also more error-prone -use of heuristics | 3 | |
| 11830848479 | Heuristic | a simple thinking strategy that often allows us to make judgements and solve problems efficiently; usually speedier but also more error prone than algorithms | 4 | |
| 11830849888 | insight | a sudden and often novel realization of the solution to a problem; it contrasts with strategy based solutions | 5 | |
| 11830849889 | creativity | the ability to produce novel and valuable ideas | 6 | |
| 11830851474 | divergent thinking | the ability to generate many different ideas for or solutions to a single problem | 7 | |
| 11830852281 | confirmation bias | a tendency to search for information that supports our preconceptions and to ignore or distort contradictory evidence | 8 | |
| 11830854141 | Fixation | the inability to see a problem from a new perspective, by employing a different mental set | 9 | |
| 11830854142 | mental set | a tendency to approach a problem in one particular way, often a way that has been successful in the past | 10 | |
| 11830854143 | functional fixedness | the tendency to think of things only in terms of their usual functions; an impediment to problem solving | 11 | |
| 11830856021 | representativeness heuristic | judging the likelihood of things in terms of how well they seem to represent, or match, particular prototypes; may lead us to ignore other relevant information | 12 | |
| 11830856022 | availability heuristic | estimating likelihood of events based on availability in memory; if instances come readily to mind (perhaps because of their vividness), we presume such events are common | 13 | |
| 11830857080 | Overconfidence | the tendency to be more confident that correct- to over-estimate the accuracy of our beliefs and judgements | 14 | |
| 11830860570 | belief perseverance | clinging to one's initial conceptions after the basis on which they are formed has been discredited | 15 | |
| 11830860571 | intuition | an effortless, immediate, automatic feeling or thought, as contrasted with explicit, conscious reasoning | 16 | |
| 11830860572 | Framing | the wording that is used to portray an issue or idea; how an issue is framed can significantly affect decisions and judgements | 17 | |
| 11830862265 | language | our spoken, written, or signed words and the ways we combine them to communicate meaning | 18 | |
| 11830862266 | phoneme | in language, the smallest distinctive sound unit | 19 | |
| 11830864005 | Morpheme | in a language, the smallest unit that carries meaning; may be a word or a part of a word (such as a prefix) | 20 | |
| 11830864006 | grammar | in a language, a system of rules that enables us to communicate with and understand others | 21 | |
| 11830864007 | Semantics | the set of rules by which we derive meaning from morphemes, words, and sentences in a given language; also, the study of meaning | 22 | |
| 11830865214 | Syntax | the rules for combing words into grammatically sensible sentences in a given language | 23 | |
| 11830866799 | babbling stage | beginning at about 4 months, the stage of speech development in which the infant spontaneously utters various sounds at first unrelated to the household language | 24 | |
| 11830866800 | one-word stage | the stage in speech development, from about age 1 to 2, during which a child speaks mostly in single words | 25 | |
| 11830867794 | two-word stage | beginning about age 2, the stage in speech development during which a child speaks mostly two-word statements | 26 | |
| 11830868475 | telegraphic speech | early speech state in which a child speaks like a telegram- "go car" - using mostly nouns and verbs | 27 | |
| 11830869564 | linguistic determinism | whorf's hypothesis that language determines the way we think | 28 | |
| 11830869565 | language acquisition device | noam chomsky's hypothesis that we are born with the ability to learn language because something in our brain simply allows us to learn language | 29 | |
| 11830870825 | Inborn Universal Grammar Theory | noam chomsky's hypothesis that we are born with the ability to learn language because the same components of grammar (i.e nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs, etc.) exists across all languages | 30 | |
| 11830870826 | critical period | an optimal period shortly after birth when an organism's exposure to certain stimuli or experiences produces proper development | 31 | |
| 11830871821 | Overgeneralization | applying a grammatical rule to a word or phrase that does not adhere to the rule, such as adding "ed" to "run," thereby incorrectly saying "i runned to the store" | 32 | |
| 12047381952 | trial and error | A problem-solving strategy that involves attempting different solutions and eliminating those that do not work. | 33 | |
| 12047386651 | 5 component of creativity | expertise, imaginative thinking skills, venturesome personality, intrinsic motivation, creative environment | 34 | |
| 12047390564 | convergent thinking | a type of critical thinking in which one evaluates existing possible solutions to a problem to choose the best one | 35 | |
| 12047401456 | effect of framing | lead to bad decisions, influence important decisions | 36 | |
| 12047408137 | Noam Chomsky | 1928-present; Field: language; Contributions: disagreed with Skinner about language acquisition, stated there is an infinite # of sentences in a language, humans have an inborn native ability to develop language | 37 | |
| 12047409849 | B.F. Skinner | argued we learn language through association, imitation, reinforcement | 38 | |
| 12047414967 | Benjamin Whorf | 1897-1941; Field: language; Contributions: his hypothesis is that language determines the way we think | 39 |
