Terms : Hide Images
| The persistence of learning over time through the storage and retrieval of information. | ||
| the processing of information into the memory system | ||
| The retention of encoded information over time. | ||
| the relatively permanent and limitless storehouse of the memory system | ||
| The process of getting information out of memory storage. | ||
| activated memory that holds a few items briefly, such as the seven digits of a phone number while dialing, before the information is stored or forgotten | ||
| the conscious repetition of information, either to maintain it in consciousness or to encode it for storage | ||
| the tendency for distributed study or practice to yield better long-term retention than is achieved through massed study or practice | ||
| the encoding of meaning, including the meaning of words | ||
| Memory aids, especially those techniques that use vivid imagery and organizational devices. | ||
| our tendency to recall best the last and first items in a list | ||
| the encoding of sound, especially the sound of words | ||
| organizing items into familiar, manageable units; often occurs automatically | ||
| retention independent of conscious recollection. (Also called procedural memory.) | ||
| a momentary sensory memory of auditory stimuli; if attention is elsewhere, sounds and words can still be recalled within 3 or 4 seconds | ||
| memory of facts and experiences that one can consciously know and "declare" | ||
| A measure of memory in which the person must retrieve information learned earlier, as on a fill-in-the-blank test. | ||
| the activation, often unconsciously, of certain associations, thus predisposing one's perception, memory, or response | ||
| a measure of memory in which the person need only identify items previously learned, as on a multiple-choice test. | ||
| the disruptive effect of prior learning on the recall of new information | ||
| the disruptive effect of new learning on the recall of old information | ||
| incorporating misleading information into one's memory of an event | ||
| a clear memory of an emotionally significant moment or event | ||
| a mental grouping of similar objects, events, ideas, or people | ||
| the set of rules by which we derive meaning from morphemes, words, and sentences in a given language; also, the study of meaning | ||
| a mental image or best example of a category | ||
| a methodical, logical rule or procedure that guarantees solving a particular problem. Contrasts with the usually speedier -- but also more error-prone -- use of heuristics | ||
| a simple thinking strategy that often allows us to make judgments and solve problems efficiently; more error prone | ||
| in a language, the smallest unit that carries meaning; may be a word or a part of a word (such as a prefix) | ||
| in a language, the smallest distinctive sound unit. | ||
| A tendency to search for information that confirms one's preconceptions. | ||
| the inability to see a problem from a new perspective; an impediment to problem solving | ||
| the tendency for one's preexisting beliefs to distort logical reasoning, sometimes by making invalid conclusions seem valid, or valid conclusions seem invalid | ||
| a tendency to approach a problem in a particular way, often a way that has been successful in the past | ||
| the tendency to think of things only in terms of their usual functions; an impediment to problem solving | ||
| the way an issue is posed; how an issue is framed can significantly affect decisions and judgments | ||
| judging the likelihood of things in terms of how well they seem to represent, or match, particular prototypes; may lead one to ignore other relevant information | ||
| estimating the likelihood of events based on their availability in memory; if instances come readily to mind (perhaps because of their vividness), we presume such events are common |
