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| 5886360737 | collapse of Yuan dynasty led to | restoration of native rule to China by Ming dynasty | 0 | |
| 5886364798 | Forbidden City | a vast imperial enclave built in Beijing under Yongle where later Ming emperors lived and received news about the outside world from eunuch servants and admins | 1 | |
| 5886378066 | Wanli | Ming emperor that refused to meet with gov officials - conducted business thru eunuch intermediaries -> corruption and inefficiency -> peasant revolts and Manchu invaders -> decline of Ming dynasty | 2 | |
| 5886391502 | Qing dynasty | qing= "pure," est by Manchus after fall of Ming | 3 | |
| 5886402746 | Nurhaci | ambitious chieftan that unified Manchu tribes into a centralized state, promulgated a code of laws and organized a powerful military (est. Qing dynasty) | 4 | |
| 5886414093 | Kangxi | Confucian scholar, effective emperor, interested in literature, conquerer (Taiwan and others) -> expanded empires | 5 | |
| 5886419098 | Qianlong | Kangxi's grandson, consolidated his grandfather's conquests in central Asia by maintaining military garrisons in E Turkestan (now Xinjiang) and encouraging merchants to settle there in hopes of stabilizing the region- his reign marked the height of the Qing dynasty | 6 | |
| 5886438844 | "Son of Heaven" | the human being designated by heavenly powers to maintain order on earth - name given to Ming & Qing emperors- lived a privileged life at the Forbidden City, did not really act as emperor, almost intouchable | 7 | |
| 5886450397 | scholar-bureaucrats | officials appointed by the emperor, highly educated (scholar-gentry class), took the civil service exam which was strict and competitive but allowed for social mobility bc open to everyone | 8 | |
| 5886461830 | Macau | Chinese port where only Portuguese merchants were allowed to operate | 9 | |
| 5886465139 | Guangzhou | Chinese port where only British merchants were allowed to operate | 10 | |
| 5886481521 | Jesuits | Christian missionaries that came to China, presence ended by Franciscans & Dominicans | 11 | |
| 5886483362 | Mateo Ricci | Italian Jesuit, founder of the mission to China, goal was to convert China -> Christianity, beginning w Ming emperor Wanli. argued that the doctrines of Confucius and Jesus were similar | 12 | |
| 5886490666 | self-ringing bells | brought by Matteo Ricci to China among other technological, mechanical, and scientific innovations- spring-driven mechanical clocks that kept tolerably accurate time, chimed the hours | 13 | |
| 5889718764 | why did Christianity not become popular in China | it claimed that it was the "only true religion" - implied that Confucianism, Daoism, and Buddhism were inferior | 14 | |
| 5889736471 | Tokugawa shoguns | sought to lay a foundation for long-term political and social stability, supported Neo-Confucian studies in an effort to promote traditional values | 15 | |
| 5889744162 | shogun | "military governor," - ruled Japan 12th-16th century through retainers who received political rights and large estates in exchange for military services. supposed to be a temporary stand-in for the emperor, but actually did more than him | 16 | |
| 5889761019 | sengoku | "the country at war" - used to describe the turmoil in 16th cent Japan as a result of the conflicting ambitions of shoguns and retainers | 17 | |
| 5889770030 | bakufu | "tent government" - a military government est by Tokugawa Ieyasu in 1600, intended as only a temporary replacement for the emperor's rule | 18 | |
| 5889778917 | daimyo | "great names" - powerful territorial lords who ruled most of Japan from their vast, hereditary landholdings - independent and successful | 19 | |
| 5889785191 | alternate attendance | a policy instituted by the shoguns that required daimyo to keep their families at Edo and spend every other year at the Tokugawa court | 20 | |
| 5889793289 | purpose of alternate attendance | enabled shoguns to keep an eye on daimyo, discouraged them from investing in military | 21 | |
| 5889798226 | trade in Japan | extremely restricted- almost entirely isolated in terms of foreign trade | 22 | |
| 5889802307 | Port of Nagasaki | Portuguese merchants tried to trade there and were executed, but Chinese and Dutch merchants were allowed | 23 | |
| 5889808826 | "thinning out the rice shoots" | infanticide - use of fertilizer in agriculture -> increase in yields of rice -> rapid pop increase -> need to reduce pop | 24 | |
| 5889824582 | daimyo and samuri were pushed by Tokugawa authorities to | become bureaucrats and gov. functionaries -> lost their wealth & went into poverty | 25 | |
| 5889833320 | Japanese cultural connections to China | Japanese wrote in Chinese, embraced Buddhism, and promoted Neo-Confucianism of Zhu Xi | 26 | |
| 5889843382 | "native learning" | some Japanese scorned Neo-Confucianism and even Buddhism as alien cultural imports and emphasized instead the importance of folk tradition and the indigenous Shinto religion for Japanese identity - scholars were xenophobic | 27 | |
| 5889856576 | ukiyo | "floating worlds" - centers of Tokugawa urban culture, entertainment & pleasure quarters where teahouses, theaters, brothels, and public baths offered escape from social responsibilities and the rigid rules of conduct that governed public behavior in Tok. society | 28 | |
| 5889879839 | Ihara Saikaku | poet, created new genre of prose literature - "books of the floating world" | 29 | |
| 5889885105 | kabuki theater | usually featured several acts consisting of lively and sometimes bawdy skits where stylized acting combined w lyric singing, dancing, and spectacular staging | 30 | |
| 5889906280 | bunraku | puppet theater - chanters, accompanied by music, told a story acted out by puppets | 31 | |
| 5889913837 | Francis Xavier | Jesuit, traveled to J in 1549 and opened a mission to seek converts | 32 | |
| 5889921580 | popularity of Christianity in Japan | generated a backlash among gov. officials who wanted to preserve Japanese traditions. shoguns halted Christian missions & tortured and executed Euro missionaries that refused to leave and Japanese Christians that refused to abandon their faith | 33 | |
| 5889943638 | Christavão Ferreia | Portuguese Jesuit, head of the mission in Japan, gave up his beliefs under torture and adopted Buddhism | 34 | |
| 5889954638 | "dutch learning" | studies of Dutch by a small number of Japanese in order to communicate w the Dutch merchants at Nagasaki (port for info about Europe, etc) - brought knowledge of the outside world to Japan | 35 |
