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Treaties, Important Documents/Gatherings, & Wars

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50285759Nintey-five ThesesPosted Oct. 31, 1517 by Martin Luther, intended to spark debate on the issue of indulgences
50285760The Diet of Worms1521 where Holy Roman Emperor Charles V asks Lutgher to recant & declares him an outlaw when he refuses
50285761Peace of Augsburg1555 Gave each German prince the right to determine the religion of his state (Catholicism or Lutheranism) based on "cuius regio, eius religio" (whose religion, his religion)
50285762Schmalkaldic League1531 Religious/military alliance directed against the Catholic Hapsburgs
50285763Act of Supremacy1534 Declared the king to be head of the English church rather than the Pope (created by Henry VIII)
50285764Six Articles1539 Defined the doctrine of the English Church - followed Catholic teaching other than papal supremacy & rejected Protestant beliefs
502857651525 Peasant Revolt (Germany)Sparked by Luther's ideas
50285766Council of Trent1545 - 1563 (periodically) Called by Pope Paul III to reform the church & secure Protestant reconcilliation
50285767Elizabethan SettlementOutward conformity to Church of England & uniformity in ceremonies - but in private ok to be Protestant; created by Queen Elizabeth to promoted peace in England
50285768Tridentine DecressCreated by the Council of Trent; required bishops to remain in their own dioceses, supressed pluralism & simony, forbade the selling of indulgences; The Tametsi decree (Nov. 1563) required that marriages must be held in front of witnesses, one being a priest
50285769Union of Utrecht1579 The 7 Northern Dutch provinces allied against Spain & led by William of Orange (the Silent)
50285771Battle of LepantoOct. 1571 - The Turkish defeated by the Spanish/Genoves/Venetian (comanded by Don Juan of Austria) at Gulf of Cornith; fleet organized by Philip II & encouraged Pope Pius V; last great Spanish naval victory
50285772St. Bartholemew's Day MassacreAug. 24, 1572 (midnight) Massacre of Parisian Huguenots signaled by Catherine de Medici
50285773Thirty Years' War1618 - 1648 (Bohemian, Danish, Swedish, French Phases) Caused by the exclusion of Calvinists from the Peace of Augsburg; fough primarily in Germany
50285774Edict of Nantes1598 Published by Henry IV (of Navarre) granting Huguenots liberty of conscience/public worship
50290014Peace of Westphalia1648 Ended the Thirty Years War; recognized Dutch Indepence, extended terms of the Peace of Augsburg to Calvinists, weakend the authority of the Holy Roman Empire; turning point in European political, religious, social history
50290015Treaty of the Pyrenees1659 Gave France part of Spanish Netherlands & some territory in Northern Spain
50290016Treaty of Prague1635 Strengthed Hapsburgs & weakened power of German princes
50290017The Petition of Right1628 During reign of Charles I, Parliament states that the king is subject of the law, cannot levy taxes with out consent of Parliament, cannot impose forced loans of his subjects, cannot declare martial law in peacetime, cannot imprison citizens without trial or put troops in private homes - Charles signs as he's desperate for money
50290018The Fronde1648 - 1653 French civil wars resenting the increase power of the monarchy & important players in society feeling ignored
50290019Results of the FrondeGoverment must compromise with bureaucrates/social elites; disrupted French economy; traumatized Louis XIV
50290020Revocation of the Edict of Nantes1685 by Louis XIV in an attempt to control religion
50290021War of Spanish Succession1701 - 1713 Caused when Charles II of Spain leaves Spanish empire/crown to Philip of Anjou (Louis XIV of France's grandson)
50290022Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle1668 Awards France several towns along the border of Spanish Netherlands
50290023Nine Years War1688 - 1697 (War of the League of Augsburg) Result of Louis XIV trying to extend French territory to the Rhine
50296689Peace of Utrecht1713 Ended war of Spanish succession & begins balance of power principle
50296690Peace of Aix-la-Chapelle1748 Attempted to restore the balance of power
50296691Seven Years War1756 - 1763 Began when Prussia invaded Saxony
50296692Treaty of Paris 1763Feb. 1763 British gain French Canada and land between Appalachian Mts. & Mississippi, & establish dominance in India
50296693Treaty of Paris 1783Sept. 1783 Britain formally recognizes independence of 13 colonies & ceededs Tobago & Senegal to France, and Florida & Minorca to Spain
50296694"The Social Contract"1762 by Rousseau promoting the general will that sovereignty resides with the people
50296695Navigation ActsSeries of laws enacted to give Britian a monoply on trade with the colonies
50296696Tennis Court OathJune 20, 1789 National Assembly swears not to disband until a new constitution is written
50296697Civil Constitution of the ClergyJuly 12, 1790 Bishops/priests to be elected by the people & clergy required to swar an oath of allegiance
50296698Concordat of 1801Napoleon's reconcilles Pope Pius VII with the French state & Catholic church; French gov. has authority to nominate bishops, Catholics gain religion of majority of French & gain part of the Papal states
50296699Battle of TrafalagarOct. 21, 1805 Lord Nelson's British feet defeat the French & eliminate French naval power
50296700Treaties of TilsitEnded War of the Third Coallition; Prussia lost 1/2 its territory, Russia gains power, Napoleon's brothers recgonized as rulers of Naples, Hollland, & Westphalia
50296701Continental SystemTo prevent Britain from trading with the European continent thus destroying British economy, created by Napoleon
50296702Peninsular War1807 - 1814 Napoleon's attempt to make Spain a French satellite; drained French finances & first real opposition to Napoleon - sparked other opposition throughout Europe
50296703100 DaysMarch 20, 1814 Napoleon escapes from Elba at reinstates his rule
50296704Battle of WaterlooJune 18, 1815 Britian, Russia, Prussia, Austria defeat Napoleon & exile him to island of St. Helena
50296705Congress of ViennaSept 1814 - June 1815 Great powers of Europe meet to decide the fate of France & how to redraw Europe after Napoleon
50296706First Treaty of Paris 1814May 1814 France reduced to 1792 size, but regains colonies & is exempt from paying compensation for Napoleon
50296707Second Treaty of Paris 1815Sept. 1815 France reduced to 1790 borders, required to pay 700 million francs to the allies, and accepts military occupation for 5 years
50296708Quadruple AllianceGreat Britain, Austria, Prussia, Russia
50296709Holy AllianceAustria, Prussia, Russia
50296710Congress of Aix-la-Chapelle1818 Quadruple Alliance memmbers decide France should be freed of occupation; France joins Quadruple alliance & becomes Quintuple Alliance; Castleragh rejects Alexander's proposal that great powers support exisisting governments in Europe
50296711Congress of Troppau1820 Create the Protocal of Troppau where Russia, Prussia, & Austria assert the rights to intervene in other countries to oppose revolutions (Britain objects)
50296712Congress of Laibach1821 Austria authorized to suppress revolt in the Kingdom of the Two Sicilies
50296713Congress of Verona1822 (Last congress) France is authorized to intervene in Spain; Britain objects & withdraws from the Quintuple Alliance
50296714Treaty of London 1827Britain, France, Russia demand the Ottoman Empire recognize Greek independence & agree to use force (if necessary) to end the fighting
50296715Treaty of Adrianople1829 Danubian provinces & Serbia gain autonomy from Turks; Russia gains territory on the Danube River & the Caucasus; Turks agree to let Britain, Russia, France determine fate of Greece
50296716Treaty of London 18301830 Great Britain, Russia, France, recgnize Greek independence!

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