Terms : Hide Images
| 68880988 | genotype | the genetic makeup of an individual | |
| 68880989 | phenotype | physical traits that appear in an individual as a result of its gentic make up | |
| 68880990 | genes | parts of a chromosome that control inherited traits | |
| 68880991 | chromosomes | threadlike structures made of DNA molecules that contain the genes | |
| 68880992 | neuron | cell that carries messages throughout the nervous system | |
| 68880993 | sensory neurons | carry incoming information from the sense receptors to the central nervous system | |
| 68880994 | motor neurons | carry outgoing information from the central nervous system to the muscles and glands | |
| 68880995 | interneurons | carry messages from one neuron to another | |
| 68880996 | dendrites | short fibers that branch out from the cell body and pick up incoming messages | |
| 68880997 | axon | long fiber that carries impulses away from the cell body of a neuron | |
| 68880998 | action potential | a neural impulse; a brief electrical charge that travels down an axon | |
| 68880999 | resting potential | stable, negative charge of an inactive neuron | |
| 68881000 | all-or-nothing principle | states that a neuron always fires with the same intensity; it will fire or not | |
| 68881001 | axon terminals | bulb like structers at end of axon contain neuro transmitters that carry neuron message into synapse | |
| 68881002 | myelin sheath | a layer of fatty tissue encasing a neuron's axon that speeds transmission | |
| 68881003 | nodes of ranvier | gaps in the myelin sheath | |
| 68881004 | endorphin | a morphine like neurotransmitter that is produced in the brain and is linked to pain control and pleasure. | |
| 68881005 | norepinephrine | neurotransmitter that is involved in arousal and the fight-or-flight system (also mood, sleep, and learning) | |
| 68881006 | acetylcholine | a neurotransmitter that triggers muscle contraction and affects learning and memory | |
| 68881007 | dopamine | neurotransmitter that influences voluntary movement, attention, alertness; too little = Parkinson's disease; too much =schizophrenia | |
| 68881008 | serotonin | neurotransmitter that affects sleep, arousal, mood, appetite; lack of it = depression | |
| 68881009 | GABA | major inhibitory neurotransmitter; undersupply linked to seizures, tremors, and insomnia | |
| 68881010 | Glutamate | major excitatory neurotransmitter; involved in memory; too much= migraines or seizures | |
| 68881673 | synapse | space between two neurons | |
| 68881674 | synaptic vesicles | tiny pouches or sacs in the axon terminals that contain neurotransmitters | |
| 68881675 | nerotransmitters | chemical substances released in the synapse | |
| 68882875 | MRI | a technique that uses magnetic fields and radio waves; produces computer-generated images; allows us to see structures within the brain; shows brain anatomy | |
| 68882876 | fMRI | a technique for revealing blood flow and, brain activity by comparing successive MRI scans; show brain function | |
| 68882877 | EEG | amplified recording of the waves of electrical activity that sweep across the brain's surface: measured by electrodes placed on the scalp | |
| 68887464 | CT Scan | uses x-rays to take pictures of the brain at various angles | |
| 68887465 | PET scan | injection of radioactive dye into the blood stream; traced and detected to monitor blood flow to various regions of the brain | |
| 68887466 | roger sperry | studied split brain patients; showed that left/right hemispheres have different functions | |
| 68887467 | michael gazzaniga | split-brain research; important advances in our understanding of how the cerebral hemispheres communicate with one another | |
| 68887468 | phineas gage | railroad worker; severe brain injury that dramatically changed his personality and behavior | |
| 68888663 | behavior genetics | study of the relationship between heredity and behavior | |
| 68888664 | nature vs nurture | asks which has more impact on out development; the traits we inherit or the environment we live in | |
| 68888665 | strain studies | studies the heritability of behavioral traits; animals that are inbred so they are genetically similar | |
| 68889969 | twin studies | studies of identical/fraternal twins; to determine influence of heredity and environment on behavior | |
| 68889970 | adoption studies | studies children adopted at birth; to determine the influence of heredity and enviornment on behavior |
