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| 51754674 | capitalism | an economic system in which investment in and ownership of the means of production, distribution, and exchange of wealth is made and maintained chiefly by private individuals or corporations, esp. as contrasted to cooperatively or state-owned means of wealth. | 0 | |
| 51754675 | mercantilism | an economic system (Europe in 18th Century) to increase a nation's wealth by government regulation of all of the nation's commercial interests | 1 | |
| 51754676 | adam smith | Scottish economist who advocated private enterprise and free trade (1723-1790) | 2 | |
| 51754677 | hernan cortes | Spanish conquistador who defeated the Aztecs and conquered Mexico (1485-1547) | 3 | |
| 51754678 | moctezuma II | (1466-1520) Aztec ruler from 1502 to 1520; he was the emperor of the Aztecs when Cortés and his army conquered the empire. He was taken prisoner and killed during battle with the Spanish army. | 4 | |
| 51754679 | fransico pizzaro | Conquerd the Inca | 5 | |
| 51754680 | atahualpa | Ruler of the Inca Empire when conquered by Pizarro | 6 | |
| 51754681 | econmienda system | Spanish Crown's granting to individual conquistadores of authority over amerindian villages and land, Spanish Crown's granting to individual conquistadores of authority over amerindian villages and land | 7 | |
| 51754682 | repartimiento system | required adult male Native Americans to devote a set number of days of labor anually to Spanish economic enterprises. PROBLEM- abused workers due to sense of urgency and exploitation | 8 | |
| 51754683 | charles V | Holy Roman emperor (1519-1558) and king of Spain as Charles I (1516-1556). He summoned the Diet of Worms (1521) and the Council of Trent (1545-1563). | 9 | |
| 51754684 | philip II | son of Louis VII whose reign as king of France saw wars with the English that regained control of Normandy and Anjou and most of Poitou (1165-1223) | 10 | |
| 51754685 | martin luther | a German monk who became one of the most famous critics of the Roman Catholic Chruch. In 1517, he wrote 95 theses, or statements of belief attacking the church practices. | 11 | |
| 51754686 | indulgence | an inability to resist the gratification of whims and desires | 12 | |
| 51754687 | 95 theses | written by Martin Luther and is widely regarded as the primary catalyst for the Protestant Reformation. It is vitally important to understand that these theses were used for the intent of displaying Luther's displeasure with the Church's indulgences | 13 | |
| 51754688 | john calvin | Swiss theologian (born in France) whose tenets (predestination and the irresistibility of grace and justification by faith) defined Presbyterianism (1509-1564) | 14 | |
| 51754689 | anglican | a Protestant who is a follower of Anglicanism | 15 | |
| 51754690 | council of trent | an ecumenical council of the Roman Catholic Church convened in Trento in three sessions between 1545 and 1563 in response to the Reformation | 16 | |
| 51754691 | jesuits | Also known as the Society of Jesus; founded by Ignatius Loyola (1491-1556) as a teaching and missionary order to resist the spread of Protestantism. | 17 | |
| 51754692 | ignatius loyola | Founded the Society of Jesus, resisted the spread of Protestantism, wrote Spiritual Exercises. | 18 | |
| 51754693 | elizabeth I | Queen of England from 1558 to 1603 | 19 | |
| 51754694 | spanish armada | the great fleet sent from Spain against England by Philip II in 1588 | 20 | |
| 51754695 | dutch east india company | Government-chartered joint-stock company that controlled the spice trade in the East Indies. | 21 | |
| 51754696 | louis XIV | king of France from 1643 to 1715; his long reign was marked by the expansion of French influence in Europe and by the magnificence of his court and the Palace of Versailles (1638-1715) | 22 | |
| 51754697 | napoleonic wars | a series of wars fought between France (led by Napoleon Bonaparte) and alliances involving England and Prussia and Russia and Austria at different times | 23 | |
| 51754698 | nation-state | a state that combines power and controls many things | 24 | |
| 51754699 | serfdom | Lords in Eastern Europe revived serfdom to combat increasing economic challenges. Lords demanded that kings and princes issue laws restricting or eliminating peasants' right of moving freely | 25 | |
| 51754700 | peter the great | ruled Russia from 1682 to 1725, wanted closer ties to western europe, modernize and strengthen Russia | 26 | |
| 51754701 | catherine the great | Empress of Russia who greatly increased the territory of the empire (1729-1796) | 27 | |
| 51754702 | ottoman empire | a Turkish sultanate of southwestern Asia and northeastern Africa and southeastern Europe | 28 | |
| 51754703 | mughal empire | a period of Muslim rule of India from the 1500s to the 1700s | 29 | |
| 51754704 | matteo ricci | An Italian Jesuit who by his knowledge of Astronomy and science was accepted as a missionary of China | 30 | |
| 51754705 | shogun | a hereditary military dictator of Japan | 31 | |
| 51754706 | samurai | a Japanese warrior who was a member of the feudal military aristocracy | 32 | |
| 51754707 | absolute monarch | ruler with complete control over the government and the lives of the people | 33 | |
| 51754708 | agrarian | pertaining to land or its cultivation; Ex. agrarian reform | 34 | |
| 51754709 | cash crop | a readily salable crop that is grown and gathered for the market (as vegetables or cotton or tobacco) | 35 | |
| 51754710 | circumnavigate | to sail around the world | 36 | |
| 51754711 | colonization | system of settling new lands that remain under the government of their native land | 37 | |
| 51754712 | commonwealth | a political system in which the supreme power lies in a body of citizens who can elect people to represent them | 38 | |
| 51754713 | demography | the branch of sociology that studies the characteristics of human populations | 39 | |
| 51754714 | divine right | the idea that monarchs are God's representatives on earth and are therefore answerable only to God | 40 | |
| 51754715 | monopoly | Exclusive control of a commodity or service in a particular market, or a control that makes possible the manipulation of prices. | 41 | |
| 51754716 | urbanization | the social process whereby cities grow and societies become more urban | 42 | |
| 51754717 | utopia | a book by Sir Thomas More (1516) describing the perfect society on an imaginary island | 43 | |
| 51754718 | akbar | Most illustrious sultan of the Mughal Empire in India (r. 1556-1605). He expanded the empire and pursued a policy of conciliation with Hindus. | 44 | |
| 51754719 | columbian exchange | The exchange of goods and ideas between Native Americans and Europeans | 45 | |
| 51754720 | counter reformation | the reaction of the Roman Catholic Church to the Reformation reaffirming the veneration of saints and the authority of the Pope (to which Protestants objected) | 46 | |
| 51754721 | reformation | a religious movement of the 16th century that began as an attempt to reform the Roman Catholic Church and resulted in the creation of Protestant churches | 47 | |
| 51754722 | edict of nantes | 1598 - Granted the Huguenots liberty of conscience and worship. | 48 | |
| 51754723 | elizabeth I of england | She supported the northern protestant cause as a safeguard against Spain attacking England. She had her rival, Mary, Queen of Scots, beheaded. Elizabeth I of England succeeded Mary and reestablished Protestantism in England. | 49 | |
| 51754724 | henry VIII | son of Henry VII and King of England from 1509 to 1547 | 50 | |
| 51754725 | huguenots | French Protestants. The Edict of Nantes (1598) freed them from persecution in France, but when that was revoked in the late 1700s, hundreds of thousands of Huguenots fled to other countries, including America. | 51 | |
| 51754726 | janissary corps | those Christian slaves who were not selected for the Ottoman bureaucracy served loyally instead in the Turkish army | 52 | |
| 51754727 | scientific method | a method of investigation involving observation and theory to test scientific hypotheses | 53 | |
| 51754728 | scientific revolution | an era between 16th and 18th centuries when scientists began doing research in a new way using the scientific method | 54 | |
| 51754729 | enlightenment | a movement in the 18th century that advocated the use of reason in the reappraisal of accepted ideas and social institutions | 55 | |
| 51754730 | suleiman the magnificant | powerful ruler of the Ottoman Empire during the 16th Century | 56 | |
| 51754731 | dar al-islam | a leader of islam who led the gazis to take over territory under his name | 57 | |
| 51754732 | gazis | turkish warriors inspired by islam to conquer territories and bring them under Dar al-islam | 58 | |
| 51754733 | sufis | a mystical Muslim group that believed they could draw closer to God through prayer, fasting, and a simple life | 59 | |
| 51754734 | jizya | per capita tax on non-Muslim adult males to freely worship | 60 | |
| 51754735 | syncretism | the fusion of originally different inflected forms (resulting in a reduction in the use of inflections) | 61 | |
| 51754736 | sikhs | Nonviolent religous group that blended Buddhism, Hinduism and Sufism | 62 | |
| 51754737 | conurbation | an aggregation or continuous network of urban communities | 63 | |
| 51754738 | thomas hobbes | English materialist and political philosopher who advocated absolute sovereignty as the only kind of government that could resolve problems caused by the selfishness of human beings (1588-1679) | 64 | |
| 51754739 | john locke | English empiricist philosopher who believed that all knowledge is derived from sensory experience (1632-1704) | 65 | |
| 51754740 | glorious revolution | A reference to the political events of 1688-1689, when James II abdicated his throne and was replaced by his daughter Mary and her husband, Prince William of Orange. | 66 | |
| 51754741 | english bill of rights | King William and Queen Mary accepted this document in 1689. It guaranteed certain rights to English citizens and declared that elections for Parliament would happen frequently. By accepting this document, they supported a limited monarchy, a system in which they shared their power with Parliament and the people. | 67 | |
| 51754742 | parliament | a card game in which you play your sevens and other cards in sequence in the same suit as their sevens | 68 | |
| 51754743 | social contact | an agreement among the people to set up a governmetnt and obey the laws. | 69 | |
| 51754744 | empricism | the view that knowledge comes from experience via the senses and science flourishes through observation and experiment | 70 | |
| 51754745 | copernicius | scientist who said that sun was the center of the universe.Wrote heliocentric theory | 71 | |
| 51754746 | heliocentric theory | Every thing revolves around the sun studied by Galelo and Copernicus | 72 | |
| 51754747 | geocentric theory | Earth is the center of the universe. Aristotelian | 73 | |
| 51754748 | galileo galilei | Italian astronomer and mathematician who was the first to use a telescope to study the stars | 74 | |
| 51754749 | issac newton | mathematician, made gravity laws and the laws of motion | 75 | |
| 51754750 | voltaire | French writer who was the embodiment of 18th century Enlightenment (1694-1778) | 76 | |
| 51754751 | enlightened despostism | absolute ruler with enlightened ideas | 77 | |
| 51754752 | parliament | a legislative assembly in certain countries | 78 |
