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| 9157646145 | Intelligence | The mental quality consisting of the ability to learn from experience, problem solve, and use prior knowledge to adapt to new problems | 0 | |
| 9157660839 | Intelligence test | A method for assessing an individual's mental abilities and comparing them to others, typically using numerical scores | 1 | |
| 9157665388 | General intelligence (g) | *Spearman*'s concept of a general intelligence factor (the *g* factor) that underlies all more specific mental abilities; it is therefore measured by every section of an intelligence test | 2 | |
| 9162310719 | Factor analysis | A statistical procedure that identifies clusters of related items (known as *factors*) in a test to identify different dimensions of performance beneath a person's total score; used to prove existence of a *g* factor | 3 | |
| 9162342738 | Thurstone | Opponent of Spearman's theories; conducted tests and measured *seven* clusters of *primary mental abilities* (word fluency, verbal comprehension, spatial ability, perceptual speed, numerical ability, inductive reasoning, and memory) | 4 | |
| 9164333257 | Savant syndrome | A condition where a person with otherwise limited mental ability has an exceptional specific skill | 5 | |
| 9164441384 | Gardner | Argued for the existence of *multiple intelligences* including bodily-kinesthetic, intrapersonal, interpersonal, naturalist, linguistic, logical-mathematical, musical, and spatial | 6 | |
| 9164619674 | Grit | An important factor in success, the passion and perseverance seen in the pursuit of long-term goals | 7 | |
| 9164640144 | Sternberg | Developed the *triarchic theory* of three intelligences (analytical/problem-solving, creative, practical), argues that multiple abilities can lead to life success | 8 | |
| 9164679801 | Analytical (academic problem-solving) intelligence | One of Sternberg's three intelligences, assessed through traditional intelligence tests, in which well-defined problems will have a single correct answer | 9 | |
| 9164705636 | Creative intelligence | One of Sternberg's three intelligences, demonstrated through reacting adaptively to novel situations and creating novel ideas | 10 | |
| 9164726066 | Practical intelligence | One of Sternberg's three intelligences, demonstrated through creating multiple solutions to everyday tasks | 11 | |
| 9164810705 | Social intelligence | First proposed by *Thorndike*, the ability to successfully comprehend social situations | 12 | |
| 9164823552 | Emotional intelligence | *Salovey*'s aspect of social intelligence, the unconscious ability to perceive, understand, manage, and use (PUMU) emotions; criticized by Gardner and others as "stretching" the concept of intelligence too far | 13 | |
| 9164992290 | Yes, modern studies have found that there is a +.33 correlation between brain size (adjusted for body size) and intelligence score; bigger *is* better. | Is there a correlation between brain size and intelligence score? | 14 | |
| 9165038974 | Frontal & parietal lobes, with ample gray matter (neural cell bodies) and white matter (axons) | What brain areas are focused on for measuring intelligence? | 15 | |
| 9165100004 | There is a positive correlation between intelligence score and the speed of taking in perceptual information. | Intelligence seems to be matched with what measurement? | 16 | |
| 9166018375 | Binet | A vanguard of the modern intelligence-testing movement, developed his methods inferring that children followed the same course of intellectual development, but at different paces | 17 | |
| 9166028397 | Mental age | Devised by Binet, the chronological age that most corresponds to a given level of intelligence test performance | 18 | |
| 9166132827 | Terman | Adapted, modified, and added to Binet's original intelligence test; believed that his new test revealed the intelligence with which a person was born (inherited intelligence); used philosophy of *eugenics* | 19 | |
| 9166160488 | Stanford-Binet test | Terman's widely used revision of Binet's original intelligence test | 20 | |
| 9167339721 | Intelligence quotient (IQ) | Developed by William *Stern*, it is the ratio of your mental age divided by your chronological age, all multiplied by 100 (in today's tests, it is a relative score under or above 100); was criticized for its ineffectiveness with adults | 21 | |
| 9167441624 | Achievement test | A test designed to measure or assess what a person has learned | 22 | |
| 9167467645 | Aptitude test | A test designed to predict a person's future performance or a future ability to learn a new skill | 23 | |
| 9167502809 | Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) | The most widely used intelligence test nowadays, consists of verbal and nonverbal (performance) subtests | 24 | |
| 9167587963 | Standardization | Outlining defining uniform testing procedures and meaningful scores by comparing with the relative performance of a pretested representative group | 25 | |
| 9167651207 | Normal curve | The symmetrical, bell-shaped pattern that visualizes the distribution of many physical/psychological attributes, with most scores falling near the midpoint or average | 26 | |
| 9167686515 | Flynn effect | The substantial and long-sustained increased in intelligence test scores measured from 1930 to the present day | 27 | |
| 9167713565 | Reliability | The extent to which a test yields dependably consistent results | 28 | |
| 9167748023 | Test-retest reliability | Using the same test on two separate occasions to determine the consistency of a test's results | 29 | |
| 9167751511 | Split-half reliability | Dividing the test in half and assessing how consistent the results from each half are | 30 | |
| 9167773975 | Validity | The extent to which a test measures or predicts what it is supposed to | 31 | |
| 9167777763 | Content validity | The extent to which a test measures a particular behavior or trait, a *criterion*, or samples the behavior that is of interest | 32 | |
| 9167806908 | Predictive validity | The success with which a test predicts the future performance of behavior it is designed to predict | 33 | |
| 9167907345 | Cross-sectional study | A study where researchers test and compare people of various ages at a specific point in time | 34 | |
| 9167918251 | Longitudinal study | A study where researchers test and retest the same *cohort*, or group of people, over a period of years | 35 | |
| 9168107315 | Crystallized intelligence | The summation of our accumulated knowledge and verbal skills; increases with old age | 36 | |
| 9168110273 | Fluid intelligence | Our ability to reason speedily and abstractly, such as when we solve novel logic problems; decreases with progression into late adulthood | 37 | |
| 9168175262 | Intellectual disability | Defined as a developmental condition of limited mental ability; indicated by an IQ of 70 or below and difficulty in conceptual, social, and practical skills, may be caused by a known physical condition | 38 | |
| 9168259408 | Down syndrome | A condition that causes mild to severe intellectual disability, along with associated physical disorders, caused by an extra copy of chromosome 21 | 39 | |
| 9168521670 | Heritability | The proportion of variation among individuals that we can attribute to genes | 40 | |
| 9168740322 | Stereotype threat | A self-confirming concern that one will be evaluated based on a negative stereotype | 41 |
