Terms : Hide Images
| 31215778 | symony | buying and selling of church offices | |
| 31215779 | pluralism | holding of more than one church office (illegal but common) | |
| 31215780 | clerical ignorance | clergy was ignorant; many preached in Latin that they couldn't read or understand | |
| 31215781 | nepotism | favoritism of family members; church offices were sometimes hereditary despite protocol | |
| 31215782 | clerical immorality | clergy sinned (lied, cheated, stole; Popes got married and had mistresses, etc) | |
| 31215783 | Salic Law | German law that crown must be passed through male relatives; used by France in 100 Years War to keep crown from Edward III | |
| 31215784 | Theory of Multiple Causation | no event has one single cause; all events have many causes | |
| 31215785 | Magna Carta | written by nobles in 1215, demanding right to trial, public knowledge of how taxes are spent, and other principles of our Constitution; signed by King John of England | |
| 31215786 | Papal banking | bank system set up just to handle Pope's money; brought $$ wherever it was based | |
| 31215787 | Marsiglio of Padua | wrote Defenses Pacis (Defender of Peace) saying govt is above church, and died for it | |
| 31880385 | landed aristocracy | provincial ("country folk") nobility in Italy, who were pushed out of government by wealthy merchants | |
| 31880386 | urban nobility | the class created when landed aristocracy married their daughters off to city merchants in order to gain some influence in the government | |
| 31880387 | spice trade | the reason why Northern Italy, specifically Venice, had so much money | |
| 31880388 | Florence | city where money from high-quality wool and papal banking led to patronage, which led to innovation in the liberal arts | |
| 31880389 | Beirut | wealthy middle-eastern city that was Venice's main partner in the Spice trade | |
| 31881215 | tourism | one of the main aspects of the Papacy that made both Avignon and Rome covet it | |
| 31881216 | Popolo | disenfranchised wealthy people who felt left out of government, and opposed the signori; they took over and formed an oligarchy in Florence | |
| 31881217 | Eastern Europe | place where great families dominate until late 18th century, while new monarchs consolidate power in other places | |
| 31881218 | Northern Italy's downfalls | a) they never pooled their resources b) they were never able to get along | |
| 31881219 | Peace of Lodi | balanced alliance meant to end fighting in Northern Italy | |
| 31881220 | League of Cambrai | when everyone (Papacy, other city-states, mercenaries, etc) made a pact that they said was against Turks, but effectively fought Venice and won all of it's territories | |
| 31881468 | lay investiture | when lay people (specifically local rulers) could appoint clergy on their land | |
| 31881469 | lay people | non-clergy; people who aren't part of the Church | |
| 31881470 | hereditary monarchy | became traditional in the Renaissance to make transitions more smooth- this generally meant the oldest son inherited a throne |
