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| 11081049415 | Leif Eriksson | The son of Erik the Red. Was a Viking adventurer who sailed from west Norway to Greenland but strong winds blew his ship off course and carried him all the way to the North American coast | 0 | |
| 11081064471 | Henry the Navigator | Helped Portugal become a leader in world exploration; built an observatory and founded a school of navigation to teach better methods of sailing | 1 | |
| 11081085663 | Astrolabe | An instrument used by sailors to determine their location by observing the position of the stars and planets | 2 | |
| 11081090832 | Caravels | ships that used triangular sails to sail against the wind, and had rudders to improve steering | 3 | |
| 11081097376 | Christopher Columbus | a sailor from Genoa, Italy who was trying to find a shorter route to Asia but ended up landing in the Bahamas by mistake | 4 | |
| 11081126044 | Line of Demarcation | boundary between Spanish and Portuguese territories in the New World | 5 | |
| 11081131335 | Treaty of Tordesillas | Set the Line of Demarcation which was a boundary established in 1493 to define Spanish and Portuguese possessions in the Americas. | 6 | |
| 11081148747 | Ferdinand Magellan | Portuguese explorer who found a sea route to the Spice Island by sailing around the American continent. His crew was the first to circumnavigate the world. | 7 | |
| 11081151223 | Circumnavigate | to sail around the world | 8 | |
| 11081154288 | Columbian Exchange | The exchange of plants, animals, diseases, and technologies between the Americas and the rest of the world following Columbus's voyages. | 9 | |
| 11081165305 | Conquistadors | Spanish conquerors | 10 | |
| 11081165306 | Hernan Cortes | Spanish conquistador who defeated the Aztecs and conquered Mexico (1485-1547) | 11 | |
| 11081170595 | Moctezuma II | Last Aztec emperor, overthrown by the Spanish conquistador Hernan Cortes. | 12 | |
| 11081181736 | Francisco Pizarro | Spanish explorer who conquered the Incas in what is now Peru and founded the city of Lima (1475-1541). | 13 | |
| 11081184363 | Encomienda System | It gave settlers the right to tax local Native Americans or to make them work. In exchange, these settlers were supposed to protect the Native American people and convert them to Christianity | 14 | |
| 11081201541 | Plantations | large farms that grew just one kind of crop | 15 | |
| 11081220015 | Bartolome de Las Casas | Spanish priest who said that the Spanish should convert Native Americans to Christianity by showing them love, gentleness, and kindness | 16 | |
| 11081271882 | Protestant Reformation | Religious movement that started by Martin Luther in Europe because he felt the Roman Catholic church was too wealthy and abused its power. | 17 | |
| 11081302822 | Protestants | reformers who protested some of the Catholic Churches practices | 18 | |
| 11081324111 | Spanish Armada | A huge fleet of warships meant to end English plans | 19 | |
| 11081365149 | Northwest Passage | A water route through North America that would allow ships to sail from the Atlantic to the Pacific Ocean. | 20 | |
| 11081375460 | Jacques Cartier | French explorer who explored the St. Lawrence river and laid claim to the region for France (1491-1557) | 21 | |
| 11081382592 | Charter | a document giving permission to start a colony | 22 | |
| 11081649099 | Pueblo | spanish village or trading post | 23 | |
| 11081651355 | Viceroy | Royal governor | 24 | |
| 11081654436 | mission | A religious settlement | 25 | |
| 11081657019 | presidio | spanish military outpost | 26 |
