all of the important physics definitions dealing with waves and sound
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| 796107381 | wave | a disturbance that propagates through a medium or space are not matter, however the wave can travel in matter | |
| 796107382 | disturbance | changes in position with respect to time | |
| 796107383 | medium | waves can move over large distances, but the medium (rope or water) itself has only a limited movement. | |
| 796107384 | pulse wave | a wave that consists of a few disturbances. ex) shock wave | |
| 796107385 | periodic wave (continuous wave) | the motions are repeated at regular intervals | |
| 796107386 | simple harmonic motion | motion in which the acceleration is proportional to the displacement from an equilibrium position and is directed toward that position. | |
| 796107387 | wavelength | the distance between any two successive identical points on a wave | |
| 796107388 | frequency | the number of complete cycles per unit of time | |
| 796107389 | period | the time for one complete cycle | |
| 796107390 | amplitude | the meximum displacement of a wave as measure from its equilibrium or undisturbed position | |
| 796107391 | transverse wave | a wave in which the vibreations are at right angles to the direction of propagation of the wave | |
| 796107392 | longitudinal wave | a wave in which the vibrations are parallel to the direction of propagation of the wave | |
| 796107393 | rectlinear propagation | the propagation of the advancing straight wave is perpendicular to the wave front | |
| 796107394 | circular propagation | the propagation of the advancing circular wave lie along radial lines away from the center of disturbance | |
| 796107395 | incidence | an approaching wave | |
| 796107396 | reflection | the return of a wave from the boundary of a medium | |
| 796107397 | angle of incidence | the angle between the incident ray and the normal drawn to the point of incidence | |
| 796107398 | angle of reflection | the angle netween the reflected ray and the normal drawn to the point of the incidence | |
| 796107399 | ray | a line frawn in the direction perpendicular to the wavefront | |
| 796107400 | refraction | the bending of a wave disturbance as it passes obliquely from one medium into another | |
| 796107401 | diffraction | the spreading of a wave disturbance into a region behind an obstruction | |
| 796107402 | intensity | the power transferred across a unit area perpendicular to the direction of energy flow | |
| 796107403 | damping | the reduction in the amplitude of a wave due to the dissipation of wave energy | |
| 796107404 | wave crest | the top part of a wave | |
| 796107405 | wave trough | the bottom of a wave | |
| 796107406 | sound | the series of distubances in matter to which the human ear is sensative. also, similar disturbances in matter above and below of normal range of human hearing | |
| 796107407 | audio range (audio spectrum) | frequencies between 20-20,000 hertz | |
| 796107408 | ultrasonic | vibrations in matter above 20,000 hertz | |
| 796107409 | sonic spectrum | the freequency range of sound | |
| 796107410 | infrasonic | vibrations in matter below 20 hertz | |
| 796107411 | superposition | combining the displacements of two or more waves vectorially to produce a resultant dispalcement. | |
| 796107412 | standing wave | the resultant of two wave trains of the same wavelength, frequency, and amplitude, traveling in opposite directions through the same medium | |
| 796107413 | interference | refers to what happens when two waves pass through the same region of space at the same time | |
| 796107414 | constructive interference | when two standing waves approach each other on the same side of the equilibrium line, collide, separate and continue to move in the same direction as before the collision | |
| 796107415 | destructive interference | when two standing waves approach each other on different sides of the equilibrium line, collide, separate and continue to move in the same direction as before the collision | |
| 796107416 | beat | the interference effect resulting from the superposition of two waves of slightly different frequencies propagating in the same direction. the amplitude of the resultant wave varies with time | |
| 796107417 | node | a point of no disturbance in a standing wave | |
| 796107418 | loop (antinode) | a midpoint of a vibrating segment of a standing wave | |
| 796107419 | resonance | the inducing of vibrations of a natural rate by a vibrating source having the same frequency | |
| 796107420 | fundamental | the lowest frequency of sound produced by an instument | |
| 796107421 | harmonics (overtones) | the fundamental and the tones frequencies are whole number multiplies of the fundamentals | |
| 796107422 | rarefaction | the region of a longitudinal wave in the vibrating partivles are father apart than their equlibrium distance | |
| 796107423 | compression | the region of a longitudinal wave in which the sitance separating the vibrating particles is less than their equilibrium distance | |
| 796107424 | refraction | thet bending of a wave disturbance as it passes obliquely from one medium into another, in which the disturbances has a different velocity | |
| 796652838 | angle of refraction | the angle between the refractured ray and the normal drawn to the point of the refraction | |
| 796652839 | pitch | is the characteristic of sound that depends on the frequency that the ear recieves | |
| 796652840 | loudness | the sensation that depends principally on the intensity of sound waves reaching the ear | |
| 796652841 | quality | the property of sound waves that depends on the number of harmonics and their prominence | |
| 796652842 | law of relection | when a wave disturbance is reflected at the boundary of a transmitting medium, the angle of incident is equal to the angle of reflection | |
| 796652843 | doppler effect | the change observed in the frequency with which a wave from a given source reaches an observer when the source and the observer are in relative motion | |
| 796652844 | production of sound | -compression waves propagate as longitudinal disturbances -the disturbances consist of compression and rarefraction -the particles of the medium acquire energy from the vibrating source and enter the vibrational mode themselves -the wave energy is passed along to adjacent particles as the periodic waves travel through the medium | |
| 796652845 | thermodynamics | the study of quantitative relationships between heat and other forms of energy | |
| 796652846 | system | the part of the entire universe which we have selected for consideration | |
| 796652847 | surroundings (environment) | everything else in the universe | |
| 796652848 | state function | variables used to define the conditions of the system | |
| 796652849 | open system | mass may enter or leave | |
| 796652850 | closed system | no mass may enter or leave | |
| 796652851 | isolated system | if no energy passes across the boundaries | |
| 796652852 | nonisolated system | if energy does pass across the boundaries | |
| 796652853 | exothermic | energy flows out of the system | |
| 796652854 | endothermic | energy flows into the system | |
| 796652855 | internal energy | is the total potential and kinetic energy of the particles of a substance | |
| 796652856 | enthalpy | the internal energy and any energy due to the expansion possibilities of the system | |
| 796652857 | entropy | the property that describes the disorder of a system the internal energy of a system that cannot be converted to mechanical energy | |
| 796652858 | zeroth law of thermodynamics | two systems individually in thermal equilibrium with a third system are in thermal equilibrium with each other | |
| 796652859 | first law of thermodynamics | the quantity of energy supplied to any system in the form of heat is equal to the work done by the system plus the change in internal energy of the system | |
| 796652860 | second law of therodynamics | heat flows naturally from a hot object to a cold object; heat will not flow spontaneously from a cold object to a hot object -no device is possible whose sole effect is to transform a given amount of heat completely into work -the total entropy of any system plus that of its surroundings increases as a result of any natural process | |
| 796652861 | third law of thermodynamics | it is not possible to lower the temperature of any system to absolute zero in a finite number of states, that is absolute zero is unattainable | |
| 796652862 | adiabatic process | a process in which no heat is added to or removed from a system | |
| 796652863 | isobaric process | a process that takes place at a constant pressure |
