Terms : Hide Images
| 389908055 | Anecdotal evidence | Personal stories about specific incidents and experiences. | |
| 389908056 | Case study | An in-depth investigation of an individual subject. | |
| 389908057 | Confounding of variables | A condition that exists whenever two variables are linked together in a way that makes it difficult to sort out their independent effects. | |
| 389908058 | Control group | Subjects in a study who do not receive the special treatment given to the experimental group. | |
| 389908059 | Correlation | The extent to which two variables are related to each other. | |
| 389908060 | Correlation coefficient | A numerical index of the degree of relationship between two variables. | |
| 389908061 | Data collection techniques | Procedures for making empirical observations and measurements. | |
| 389908062 | Dependent variable | In an experiment, the variable that is thought to be affected by the manipulation of the independent variable. | |
| 389908063 | Descriptive statistics | Statistics that are used to organize and summarize data. | |
| 389908064 | Double-blind procedure | A research strategy in which neither subjects nor experimenters know which subjects are in the experimental or control groups. | |
| 389908065 | Experiment | A research method in which the investigator manipulates a variable under carefully controlled conditions and observes whether any changes occur in a second variable as a result. | |
| 389908066 | Experimental group | The subjects in a study who receive some special treatment in regard to the independent variable. | |
| 389908067 | Experimenter bias | A phenomenon that occurs when a researcher's expectations or preferences about the outcome of a study influence the results obtained. | |
| 389908068 | Extraneous variables | Any variables other than the independent variable that seem likely to influence the dependent variable in a specific study. | |
| 389908069 | Hypothesis | A tentative statement about the relationship between two or more variables. | |
| 389908070 | Independent variable | In an experiment, a condition or event that an experimenter varies in order to see its impact on another variable. | |
| 389908071 | Inferential statistics | Statistics that are used to interpret data and draw conclusions. | |
| 389908072 | Journal | A periodical that publishes technical and scholarly material, usually in a narrowly defined area of inquiry. | |
| 389908073 | Mean | The arithmetic average of the scores in a distribution. | |
| 389908074 | Median | The score that falls exactly in the center of a distribution of scores. | |
| 389908075 | Mode | The score that occurs most frequently in a distribution. | |
| 389908076 | Nearsightedness | A vision deficiency in which close objects are seen clearly but distant objects appear blurry. | |
| 389908077 | Operational definition | A definition that describes the actions or operations that will be made to measure or control a variable. | |
| 389908078 | Participants | See Subjects. | |
| 389908079 | Placebo effects | The fact that subjects' expectations can lead them to experience some change even though they receive an empty, fake, or ineffectual treatment. | |
| 389908080 | Population | The larger collection of animals or people from which a sample is drawn and that researchers want to generalize about. | |
| 389908081 | Random assignment | The constitution of groups in a study such that all subjects have an equal chance of being assigned to any group or condition. | |
| 389908082 | Replication | The repetition of a study to see whether the earlier results are duplicated. | |
| 389908083 | Research methods | Differing approaches to the manipulation and control of variables in empirical studies. | |
| 389908084 | Response set | A tendency to respond to questions in a particular way that is unrelated to the content of the questions. | |
| 389908085 | Sample | The collection of subjects selected for observation in an empirical study. | |
| 389908086 | Sampling bias | A problem that occurs when a sample is not representative of the population from which it is drawn. | |
| 389908087 | Social desirability bias | A tendency to give socially approved answers to questions about oneself. | |
| 389908088 | Standard deviation | An index of the amount of variability in a set of data. | |
| 389908089 | Statistical significance | The condition that exists when the probability that the observed findings are due to chance is very low. | |
| 389908090 | Statistics | The use of mathematics to organize, summarize, and interpret numerical data. See also Descriptive statistics, Inferential statistics. | |
| 389908091 | Subjects | The persons or animals whose behavior is systematically observed in a study. | |
| 389908092 | Survey | A descriptive research method in which researchers use questionnaires or interviews to gather information about specific aspects of subjects' behavior. | |
| 389908093 | Theory | A system of interrelated ideas that is used to explain a set of observations. | |
| 389908094 | Variability | The extent to which the scores in a data set tend to vary from each other and from the mean. | |
| 389908095 | Variables | Any measurable conditions, events, characteristics, or behaviors that are controlled or observed in a study. |
