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| 272325765 | The Sundiata | the "lion prince" that built the Mali empire after his return from exile; Stories of him formed the foundation of the great oral traditions of western Africa (tales passed down for generations); reputation for courage in battle and assembled a large army dominated by cavalry; he consolidated his hold on the empire which included Ghana and other neighboring kingdoms surrounding the Senegal and Niger Rivers | 0 | |
| 272325766 | Mali Kingdom | The empire built by Sundiata; benefitted from trans-Saharan trade on an even larger scale than that of Ghana (and more successful); mali controlled and taxed nearly all trade passing through western Africa; caravans of camels linked Mali to North Africa; The capitol of Niani attracted merchants who wanted gold and buildings of brick became popular in the market city centers (prosperous market cities); Rulers of Mali honored Islam and provided protecting, lodging and comfort to Mulim merchants who encouraged Islamic religion to spread but did NOT force it; many people continued to practice native religions; rulers of Mali created a centralized government that continue after its decline | 1 | |
| 272325767 | Masu Musa | reigned during the peak of importance in long-distance trade networks of Mali empire; grand-nephew of Sundiata; formed a huge caravan of soldiers, servants, and slaves, with camels carrying gold on pilgrimage to Mecca; He passed out lavish gifts and gold in Cairo (trade center); so much that he caused a decline in metals value on trade; when he returned from Mecca he built mosques and religious schools in Mali to encourage Islam to spread | 2 | |
| 272325768 | Bantu | originated south of the Sahara Desert near modern Nigeria; They spread but retained most of their customs including their Bantu language; as their language spread, it combined with others; they introduced agriculture, iron metallurgy and Bantu language to most regions of Sub-Saharan Africa; developed a complex government that enabled tem to organize existing societies efficiently | 3 | |
| 272325769 | Camel | the arrival of the camel quickened the pace of communication and transportation across the Sahara Camels came to North Africa from Arabia by way of Egypt and Sudan; Camels traveled long distances before needing water; created special saddle for them | 4 | |
| 272325770 | Ghana Kingdom | the principle state of west Africa at the time of the Muslims' arrival; situated between the Sengel and Niger rrivers; regional state like Benin and Ife; when trade across the desert increased, Ghana became the most important commercial site in west Africa because it became the center for trade in gold; kings procured gold nuggets from lands to the south and brought it into Ghana; By contolling taxation and trade, the kings enriched and strengthened their realm; merchants also provided ivory and slaves from north Africa; in exchange they received horses, cloth and salt; the kings of Ghana converted to Islam which improved relations with Muslim merchants from north Africa as well as Muslim nomads from the desert who transported goods across the Sahara; declined from attacks by nomadic people who wanted the Kingdoms wealth and dwiddling sources of gold | 5 | |
| 272325771 | Koumbi-Saleh | The kingdoms capital that was the principle trading site with a thriving commercial center with a high population; the wealth supported Muslim scholars; had many mosques; king financed a large army from the taxes levied from all the trade; this army protected the large source of gold | 6 | |
| 272325772 | Factors causing the Bantu to spread | agriculture enabled the Bantu population to increase more rapidly than hunters and gatherers although the hunters and gatherers helped the Bantu adapt to new environments; agriculture was attractive to hunters and gatherers because it provided increase supplies of food and supported large populations; bananas from the island of Madagascar caused an increase in the supply of food available and enriched the Bantu diets allowing them to expand more rapidly; Iron tools enabled Bantu to clear land and expand the zone of agriculture | 7 | |
| 272325773 | Impact of Bantu culture | Established societies throughout the Sahara; spread political, social, economic, and cultural influences shaped African societies over the long term; iron working and agriculture influenced African societies; Swahili- Bantu language with words and ideas borrowed from Arabic | 8 | |
| 272325774 | Know the Bantu political structure | Two types:"Stateless Society" Bantu societies did not depend on an elaborate heiarchy of officials or beurocracy to administer their affairs but governed themselves through family kinship groups; male heads of family had a council where they decided public affairs for the group; the head of the family was the chief of the village who dealt with neighboring people; a district (group of villages) dealt with ethnic loyalties | 9 | |
| 272325775 | Cheifdoms | population strained resources and with little land to settle in, the conflicts between villages and districts became more frequent; the conflicts cause Bantu people to organize military forces that develop more formal structures of government; districts fell upon the leaderships of powerful chiefs who overrode kinship networks and imposed their own authority on their territories; some chiefs even conqured neighbors and created small kingdoms. | 10 | |
| 272325776 | Know the impact of Islam on African culture and religion | Islam made a place for inherited traditions and beliefs of sub Saharan Muslims; Africans who converted to Islam continued to believe in evil spirits and nature deities and spirits of departed ancestors as well as continued to have rituals; paid no attention to the lectures about how Muslim woman were supposed to dress or behave. | 11 | |
| 272325777 | Know about gender issues in Sub-Saharan Africa | Influenced the roles of individuals in society; men undertook heavy labor of clearing land and preparing it for cultivation; women and men participated in planting and harvesting while women also tended to domestic chores and child care; women in sub- Saharan Africa had more opportunities (could have power, have influence on public affairs, be merchants, and even combat!); Muslims in Sub-Saharan Africa did not honor the same social codes as those in Arabia and southwest Asia because Islam wasn't as much as an influence; Muslim woman did not have as much freedom in places Islam had a strong foothold in. | 12 | |
| 272325778 | Know about the trans-Saharan slave trade. | The expansion of Trans-Saharan and Indian Ocean trade networks lead to an increase in traffic of African slaves; merchants from northern lands not only traded for gold and ivory, but also for slaves; In response to the demand, slave raiding became a popular activity in Africa; created networks within Africa that supplied slaves and served as a foundation for the Atlantic slave trade later | 13 |
