Terms : Hide Images
| 268109280 | Toltecs | Nomadic peoples from beyond the northern frontier of the sedentary agricultural area in Mesoamerica; established capital of Tula following migration into central Mesoamerican plateau; strongly militaristic ethic including cult of human sacrifice | 0 | |
| 268109281 | Aztecs | The Mexica; one of the nomadic tribes that used political anarchy after fall of Toltecs to penetrate into the sedentary agricultural zone of Mesoamerican plateau; established empire after 1325 around shores of Lake Texcoco | 1 | |
| 268109282 | Inca | Group of clans centered at Cuzco that were able to create empire in Andean civilization c. 1438 | 2 | |
| 268109283 | Chinampas | rectangular lands to grow crops on (usually in shallow lake beds, etc.) | 3 | |
| 268109284 | ayllus | Households in Andean societies that recognized some form of kinship; traced descent from some common, sometimes mythical ancestor. | 4 | |
| 268109285 | mita | Labor extracted for lands assigned to the state and the religion; all communities were expected to contribute; an essential aspect of Inca imperial control | 5 | |
| 268109286 | quipu | System of knotted strings utilized by the Incas in place of a writing system; could contain numerical and other types of information for censuses and financial records | 6 | |
| 268109287 | Tenochtitlan | Founded c. 1325 on marshy island in Lake Texcoco; became center of Aztec power; joined with Tlacopan and Texcoco in 1434 to form a triple alliance that controlled most of central plateau of Mesoamerica | 7 | |
| 268109288 | Neo-Confucians | a more rationalistic and secular version of Confucianism | 8 | |
| 268109289 | footbinding | Chinese: feet were bound on young girls to stop growth | 9 | |
| 268109290 | Jurchens | Founders of the Qin kingdom that succeeded the Liao in northern China; annexed most of Yellow River basin and forced Song to flee to south | 10 | |
| 268109291 | jinshi | Title granted to those students who passed the most difficult Chinese examination on all of Chinese literature; became immediate dignitaries and eligible for high office | 11 | |
| 268109292 | junks | Chinese ships equipped with watertight bulkheads, sternpost rudders, compasses, and bamboo fenders; dominant force in Asian seas east of the Malayan peninsula. | 12 | |
| 268109293 | flying money | money vouchers that could be cashed in for actual money in the destination city | 13 | |
| 268109294 | gunpowder | black powder used for firearms and explosives | 14 | |
| 268109295 | Chan Buddhism | Known as Zen in Japan; stressed meditation and appreciation of natural and artistic beauty; popular with members of elite Chinese society | 15 | |
| 268109296 | pure land Buddhism | Emphasized salvationist aspects of Chinese Buddhism; popular among masses of Chinese society | 16 | |
| 268109297 | Sinification | Extensive adaptation of Chinese culture in other regions; typical of Korea and Japan, less typical of Vietnam | 17 | |
| 268109298 | Heian | Capital city of Japan under the Yamato emperors, later called Kyoto; built in order to escape influence of Buddhist monks; patterned after ancient imperial centers of China; never fully populated | 18 | |
| 268109299 | bushido | samurai code | 19 | |
| 268109300 | samurai | armored soldier of Japan; mounted troops, loyal to landlord, not emperor | 20 | |
| 268109301 | seppuku | Ritual suicide or disembowelment in Japan; commonly known in West as hara-kiri; demonstrated courage and a means to restore family honor | 21 | |
| 268109302 | shogun | military leader of bakufu | 22 | |
| 268109303 | daimyo | Warlord rulers of 300 small states following Onin War and disruption of Ashikaga Shogunate; holdings consolidated into unified and bounded ministates | 23 | |
| 268109304 | tribute states | a state subordinate to a larger one | 24 | |
| 268109305 | bushi | Regional warrior leaders in Japan; ruled small kingdoms from fortresses; administered the law, supervised public works projects, and collected revenues; built up private armies | 25 | |
| 268109306 | Fujiwara | Japanese aristocratic family in mid-9th century; exercised exceptional influence over imperial affairs; aided in decline of imperial power | 26 | |
| 268109307 | khanates | Four regional Mongol kingdoms that arose following the death of Chinggis Khan | 27 | |
| 268109308 | Baibars | Commander of Mamluk forces at Ain Jalut; originally enslaved by Mongols and sold to Egyptians | 28 | |
| 268109309 | Chinggis Khan | Born in 1170s in decades following death of Kabul Khan; elected khagan of all Mongol tribes in 1206; responsible for conquest of northern kingdoms of China, territories as far west as the Abbasid regions; died in 1227, prior to conquest of most of Islamic world | 29 | |
| 268109310 | Kubilai Khan | Grandson of Chinggis Khan; commander of the Mongol forces responsible for the conquest of China; became khagan in 1260; established Sinicized Mongol Yuan dynasty in China in 1271 | 30 | |
| 268109311 | Golden Horde | One of the four regional subdivisions of the Mongol Empire after Chinggis Khan's death; territory covered much of what is today south central Russia | 31 | |
| 268109312 | Ilkhan khanate | One of four regional khanates, or subdivisions of the Mongol Empire after Chinggis Khan's death; located south of the Golden Horde; eventually conquered much of territory of Abbasid Empire | 32 | |
| 268109313 | Ogadei | 3rd son of Chinggis, Khan who extended Mongol territory | 33 | |
| 268109314 | Karakorum | Capital of the Mongol Empire under Chinggis Khan. Ogedei Third son of Chinggis Khan; succeeded Chinggis Khan as khagan of the Mongols following his father's death. | 34 | |
| 268109315 | Ottoman Turks | turkish people in Ottoman empire | 35 | |
| 268109316 | Hundred Years' War | Conflict between England and France from 1337 to 1453; fought over lands England possessed in France and feudal rights versus the emerging claims of national states | 36 | |
| 268109317 | Ibn-Rushd (Averroes) | Muslim theologist | 37 | |
| 268109318 | Black Death | epidemic in Europe supposed to be brought by rats on the silk road (1348-1350) | 38 | |
| 268109319 | ethnocentrism | belief that one's ethnicity is most important and correct | 39 | |
| 268109320 | Ming Dynasty | 1368 ~ 1644 was overrun by Mongol invaders. Succeeded Mongol Yuan dynasty in China in 1368; lasted until 1644; initially mounted huge trade expeditions to southern Asia and elsewhere, but later concentrated efforts on internal development within China | 40 | |
| 268109321 | Mongols | people from Mongolia - conquered most of Asia. Central Asian nomadic peoples; smashed Turko-Persian kingdoms; captured Baghdad in 1258 and killed last Abbasid caliph. | 41 | |
| 268109322 | inquisition | Catholic church fights against heretics | 42 | |
| 268109323 | Marco Polo | Venitian merchant who connected Central Asia+China to Europe | 43 |
