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| 8374964017 | homologous structures | structures in different species that are similar because of common ancestry |  | 0 |
| 8374964018 | vestigial structures | remnants of features that served important functions in the the organism's ancestors |  | 1 |
| 8374964019 | convergent evolution | the independent evolution of similar features in different lineages |  | 2 |
| 8374964020 | Hardy-Weinberg | the frequencies of alleles and genotypes in a population will remain constant from generation to generation, provided that only Mendelian segregation and recombination of alleles are at work |  | 3 |
| 8374964021 | gene pool | the aggregate of all of the alleles for all of the loci in individuals in a population |  | 4 |
| 8374964022 | population | a group of individuals of the same species that live in the same area and interbreed, producing fertile offspring |  | 5 |
| 8374964023 | natural selection | a process in which organisms with certain inherited characteristics are more likely to survive and reproduce than are organisms with other characteristics |  | 6 |
| 8374964024 | genetic drift | changes in the gene pool due to random events | 7 | |
| 8374964025 | founder effect | when a individuals become isolated from a larger population, this smaller group may establish a new population whose gene pool differs from the source population |  | 8 |
| 8374964026 | bottleneck effect | when there is a severe drop in population size, certain alleles may be overrepresented among the survivors, others may be underrepresented, and some may be absent altogether |  | 9 |
| 8374964027 | gene flow | the transfer of alleles into or out of a population due to the movement of fertile individuals or their gametes | 10 | |
| 8374964028 | directional selection | when conditions favor individuals exhibiting one extreme of a phenotypic range, thereby shifting the frequency curve for the phenotypic character in one direction or the other |  | 11 |
| 8374964029 | disruptive selection | when conditions favor individuals at both extremes of a phenotypic range over individuals with intermediate phenotypes |  | 12 |
| 8374964030 | stabilizing selection | acts against both extreme phenotypes and favors intermediate variants |  | 13 |
| 8374964031 | sexual selection | a form of natural selection in which individuals with certain inherited characteristics are more likely than other individuals to obtain mates |  | 14 |
| 8374964034 | heterozygote advantage | when individuals who are heterozygous at a particular locus have greater fitness than do both kind of homozygous | 15 | |
| 8374964036 | speciation | the process by which one species splits into two or more species |  | 16 |
| 8374964037 | microevolution | changes over time in allele frequencies in a population | 17 | |
| 8374964038 | macroevolution | the broad pattern of evolution over long time spans | 18 | |
| 8374964039 | species | a group of populations whose members have the potential to interbreed in nature and produce viable, fertile offspring- but do not produce viable, fertile offspring with members of other such groups | 19 | |
| 8374964040 | reproductive isolation | the existance of biological barriers that impede members of two species from producing viable offspring | 20 | |
| 8374964041 | hybrids | offspring that result from interspecific mating |  | 21 |
| 8374964042 | prezygotic barriers | impede mating or hinder fertilization if mating occurs (five types: habitat, temporal, behavioral, mechanical, gametic) |  | 22 |
| 8374964043 | post zygotic barriers | prevents hybrid zygote from developing into a viable fertile adult through reducing hybrid viability, reducing hybrid fertility, or hybrid breakdown | 23 | |
| 8374964044 | allopatric speciation | gene flow is interrupted when a population is divided into geographically isolated subpopulations |  | 24 |
| 8374964045 | sympatric speciation | speciation occurs in populations that live in the same geographic area (usually occurs due to polyploidy, habitat differentiation, and sexual selection) |  | 25 |
| 8374964049 | punctuated equilibrium | the theory that in the evolution there are long periods of little morphological change punctuated by relatively short periods of significant change |  | 26 |
| 8374964052 | endosymbiosis | mitochondria and chloroplasts were formally small prokaryotes that began living within larger cells |  | 27 |
| 8374964053 | adaptive radiation | Period of evolutionary change in which groups of organisms form many new species whose adaptations allow them to fill vacant ecological roles in their communities |  | 28 |
| 8374964055 | phylogeny | the evolutionary history of a species or group of species |  | 29 |
| 8374964057 | phylogenetic tree | evolutionary history of a group of organisms represented in a branching diagram |  | 30 |
| 8374964058 | analogy | similarity due to convergent evolution |  | 31 |
| 8374964059 | homology | similarity due to shared ancestry |  | 32 |
| 8374964060 | clade | a group of species which includes an ancestral species and all of its descendants | 33 | |
| 8374964065 | Darwin's Theory (five parts) | 1. Variation 2. Overproduction 3. Competition 4. Survival of the fittest 5. Overtime, emergence of new species (new alleles) | 34 | |
| 8374964069 | abiotic synthesis | formation of organic molecules from inorganic material | 35 | |
| 8374964074 | extinction | total disappearance of all members of a species | 36 | |
| 8374964075 | mass extinction | total disappearance of a large number a species within a few million years | 37 | |
| 8374964077 | fitness | the ability of an individual to survive and reproduce in its specific environment | 38 | |
| 8374964081 | biological species concept | species are identified as separate because of reproductive isolation. | 39 | |
| 8374964084 | fossil | remains and traces of evidence of past life | 40 | |
| 8374964086 | index fossils | fossils used to identify deposits made at apparently the same time in different parts of the world, used for relative dating | 41 | |
| 8374964087 | absolute dating | relies on radiometric dating to assign an age to a fossil | 42 |
