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| 235857953 | What was the most significant culture that shaped the Arabian peninsula? | Bedouin | 0 | |
| 235857954 | What is true about Bedouin society when it came to developing larger tribal groupings? | They were made up of mostly clans who needed to work together to survive | 1 | |
| 235857955 | What were the leaders of the Bedouin clans called? | Shaykhs | 2 | |
| 235857956 | What was the cause of most of the inter-clan violence? | Control of water and pasturage | 3 | |
| 235857957 | What was the main problem of the inter-clan rivalries? | It weakened the Bedouin society within the Arabian peninsula | 4 | |
| 235857958 | What clan was responsible for the foundation of Mecca? | Umayyad | 5 | |
| 235857959 | How was Medina different from Mecca when it came to politics? | Jewish and Bedouin tribes were the main rulers | 6 | |
| 235857960 | What was the status of women in Bedouin society prior to the introduction of Islam? | They enjoyed greater freedom and higher status then those within Byzantine and Persian empires | 7 | |
| 235857961 | What was the nature of materinal culture of Bedouin society? Where was the exception to this? | There was little art or architecture and the chief focus of cultural creativity was oral pottery. The exception was in sedentary communities of the South. | 8 | |
| 235857962 | How did the Umayyads respond, initially, to Muhammad's new faith? | They saw him as a threat to their wealth and power | 9 | |
| 235857963 | . What were the major threats to the Umayyad's power? | The development of a new religion, the growing power of Medina, raids of their caravans, and disputes between rival families | 10 | |
| 235857964 | What was the principle advantage of the Islamic concept of the ummah? | It went beyond old tribal boundaries and allowed for unification | 11 | |
| 235857965 | How did Muhammad view the other monotheistic religions? | Accepted the validity of earlier Christian and Jewish revalations and reformed them to fit his own revelations. | 12 | |
| 235857966 | What occurred as a result of Muhammad's death in 632? | Many of the tribes renounced Islam. | 13 | |
| 235857967 | Who were the only ones to gain citizenship within the Umayyad Empire? | Muslim Arabs | 14 | |
| 235857968 | What group did not revolt against the Abbasids? | Sunnis | 15 | |
| 235857969 | What was al-Mahdi's attitude toward the Shi'as? | He appealed to the moderate factions | 16 | |
| 235857970 | What trend was set by al-Rashid when it came to administration for Abbasid rulers? | They became heavily dependent on Persian advisors | 17 | |
| 235857971 | What was the result of the civil wars following the death of al-Rashid? | Succession disputes led to the build up of personal armies, often of slave soldiers | 18 | |
| 235857972 | What accounts for the disruption of the agricultural economy of the Abbasid Empire? | Spiraling taxation, the destruction of the irrigation works, and pillaging by mercenary armies led to destruction and abandonment of many villages. | 19 | |
| 235857973 | What changes occurred during the Abbasid period with respect to women? | Establishment of the harem | 20 | |
| 235857974 | Why did the Abbasids want more slaves? | Concubines and domestic service | 21 | |
| 235857975 | What was the regional splinter dynasty that captured Baghdad in 945? | Buyids | 22 | |
| 235857976 | What group successful captured Baghdad in 1055? | Seljuk Turks | 23 | |
| 235857977 | What impact did the Seljuk conquest of Baghdad have on the Abbasid Empire? | They abandoned the Middle East for further conquests in the Indian subcontinent | 24 | |
| 235857978 | What was the impact of the Crusades on the Christian West? | Christians adopted military techniques, words, scientific learning, and Arabic numerals among other things | 25 | |
| 235857979 | What was the impact of the Crusades on Islam? | There was little impact on Islamic culture and society | 26 | |
| 235857980 | What was the level of trade in the Abbasid Empire? | They focused on long distance trade with places like Africa and India | 27 | |
| 235857981 | Why were the Sufis effective missionaries within the Indian subcontinent? | They shared similar ideas of those of Indian mystics | 28 | |
| 235857982 | What groups in India were most likely to convert to Islam? | Buddhists and low-standing Hindus | 29 | |
| 235857983 | What was the major difference between African civilizations and other post-classical societies? | African civilizations were built somewhat less clearly on prior precedent than was the case in other post-classical societies | 30 | |
| 235857984 | What is true about the political and religious universality (all over) in Africa? | There were no universal religions or states within post-classical Africa. But Christianity and Islam did find some success on the continent | 31 | |
| 235857985 | What were African societies which were organized around kinship and lacked political concentration called? | Stateless | 32 | |
| 235857986 | . What was the function of secret societies in African culture? | Their membership cut across lineage divisions, they acted to maintain stability within the community and diminish clan feuds | 33 | |
| 235857987 | What region of Africa was first converted to Islam by 700 CE? | North Africa | 34 | |
| 235857988 | What was the most important Christian kingdom in Africa? | Ethopia | 35 | |
| 235857989 | Sudanic states had territorial core areas in which the people were of the same ethinic background, but their power extended over subordinate communities...this is true for what two sudanic states? | Mali and songhay | 36 | |
| 235857990 | What was the social and political function of the griots? | Griots mastered the oral traditions of the Malinke and by knowing the past were considered excellent advisors of kings. | 37 | |
| 235857991 | What was the reason for the downfall of the Songhay? | nvasion of Moroccan Muslim army equipped with firearms followed by internal revolts | 38 | |
| 235857992 | What was the relationship between Islam and the indigenous religions of Africa? | Islam was able to accommodate pagan practices and beliefs in the early stages of conversion. | 39 | |
| 235857993 | What was the most important "stepchild" or region of the Byzantine civilization? | Russia | 40 | |
| 235857994 | What was the difference between the spread of civilizations in eastern and western Europe? | Different versions of Christianity, culturally as well as organizationally separate. | 41 | |
| 235857995 | The capital of the Byzantine Empire and its commercial center was where? | Constantinople | 42 | |
| 235857996 | What was the difference in the military organization of Byzantine and western Roman empires? | The Byzantine Empire recruited armies from the Middle East. | 43 | |
| 235857997 | What eastern emperor was responsible for the attempted restoration of a unified Roman Empire after 533? | Justinian | 44 | |
| 235857998 | What were the outcomes of Justinian's wars of reconquest? | Increased tax pressures, short-lived military success in Africa and Italy, weakening of the empire's defenses on its eastern frontiers, establishment of a temporary capital at the key artistic center at Ravenna | 45 | |
| 235857999 | What was the technological innovation that aided the Byzantine Empire in withstanding the Muslim siege of Constantinople in 717? | Greek fire | 46 | |
| 235858000 | What was the result of the conflict between the Byzantine Empire and the Arab Muslims? | The position of small farmers in the empire was weakened as a result of heavy taxation, resulting in greater aristocratic estates | 47 | |
| 235858001 | In what way was the Byzantine bureaucracy and the Chinese bureaucracy similar? | Both bureaucracies were open to talented commoners, not just aristocrats | 48 | |
| 235858002 | What is true about urbanization within the Byzantine Empire? | Constantinople controlled the economy and grew to enormous size, but other cities were relatively small | 49 | |
| 235858003 | The post classical period in Western History between the fall of the Roman Empire and the 15th century is referred to as the.... | Middle Ages | 50 | |
| 235858004 | What can be said about the intellectual activity of medieval West prior to the 8th century? | With the few literate people concentrated in monasteries, little was achieved other than copying manuscripts | 51 | |
| 235858005 | . What was the three-field system? | It was a three-field rotation which added acres to production by leaving only a third of the land unplanted | 52 | |
| 235858006 | . What belief did the conversion of Germanic kings create among Western religious leaders, particularly the pope? | That the church was superior to the secular rulers | 53 | |
| 235858007 | What was the impact of the improved economy after the 10th century of the social system of western Europe? | The increased pace of economic life created a less rigid structure | 54 | |
| 235858008 | How did feudalism impact the development of politics during the middle ages? | It inhibited the development of a strong central state; some kings were able to use feudalism to build their own power. | 55 | |
| 235858009 | How did the introduction of the feudal monarchy into England compare to the political experience of France? | English feudal monarchy was introduced abruptly following 1066, while the French feudal monarchy developed more slowly | 56 | |
| 235858010 | In what way was the educational system of medieval west different from that of China? | The universities were not tied into a single bureaucratic system | 57 | |
| 235858011 | During the 11th century, what new architectural style featuring pointed arches and flying buttresses became dominant in western Europe? | Gothic | 58 | |
| 235858012 | What was the major outcome of the 100 years war during the 14th and 15th centuries? | Kings reduced their reliance on feudal forces in favor of paid armies | 59 |
