three domains | ||
spheres | ||
rod | ||
spiral | ||
most prokaryotes possess a cell wall that contains _____ | ||
____ bacteria have simpler walls with more peptidoglycans | ||
____ bacteria have walls that are structurally more complex | ||
prokaryotes use appendages called ____ to adhere to touch other or to surrounding surfaces | ||
About half of the prokaryotes are ____ | ||
Whiplike appendages that make prokaryotes motile | ||
small, circular, independent pieces of DNA | ||
prokaryotes reproduce through an asexual process called ___ | ||
prokaryote takes up genes from its environment | ||
genes are directly transferred from one prokaryote to another | ||
viruses transfer genes between prokaryotes | ||
the major source of genetic variation in prokaryotes | ||
photosynthetic, and they use the power of sunlight to convert carbon dioxide into organic compounds | ||
use carbon dioxide as their source of carbon, but they get energy from oxidizing inorganic substances | ||
use light to make ATP but must obtain their carbon from an outside source already fixed in organic compounds | ||
get both carbon and energy from organic compounds | ||
decomposer that absorbs nutrients from dead organic matter, most important are cyanobacteria | ||
absorb nutrients from the body fluids of living hosts | ||
some prokaryotes can use atmospheric nitrogen as a direct source of nitrogen in a process called ______ | ||
cannot grow without oxygen | ||
Use oxygen if it is available; when oxygen is not available, they undergo fermentation | ||
most known prokaryotes are _____ | ||
first prokaryotes that were classified in domain Archaea; live in extreme environments such as gysers | ||
use carbon dioxide to oxidize H2 and produce methane as a waste product | ||
Lives in saline environments (highly concentrated with salt) | ||
lives in very hot environments | ||
the first step in the cycling of essential elements through the environment | ||
meaning that they form relationships with other species | ||
In symbiotic relationships, where one organism is significantly larger than the other, the larger one is called _____ | ||
in which both symbiotic organisms benefit | ||
in which one organism benefits while the other is neither helped nor harmed | ||
in which one organism benefits at the expense of the other | ||
the simplest but most diverse of all eukaryotes | ||
Flagellated protozoan; has two nuclei and multiple flagella (Lack plastids, mitchondria lacks DNA) | ||
Flagellated protozoan; moves by means of flagella and an undulating part of the plasma membrane, is symbiotic (Lack plastids, mitchondria lacks DNA) | ||
flagellated protozoan; human pathogens that are transmitted by insects (life-cycles involve more than one host), is from the family of kinetoplastids | ||
Flagellated protozoan; have one or two flagella that emerge from a pocket at one end of the cell, store the glucose polymer paramylon | ||
flagellated protozoan; have a single, large mitochondrion that contains an organized mass of DNA called a kinetoplast, marine ecosystems | ||
Aveolate; use cilia to move and feed, have a macronuclei and micronuclei (functions during conjugation) | ||
Aveolate; aquatic photoautotrophs and heterotrophs, reinforced by internal plates of cellulose and have two flagella that make them spin as they move through the water | ||
Aveolate; apex contains a complex of organelles specialized for penetrating host cells and tissues, life cycles include asexual and sexual stages as well as multiple hosts | ||
group of protists classified by tail | ||
group of protists classified by membrane-bound sacs under the plasma membrane | ||
group of protists classified by "hairy" flagellum paired with a "smooth" flagellum | ||
stramenopile; have filaments (hyphae) that facilitate nutrient uptake, Are decomposers or parasites (closely related to fungi and caused the potato famine in Ireland) | ||
stramenopile; unicellular algae with a unique two-part, glass-like wall of hydrated silica | ||
stramenopile; typically biflagellated, with both flagella attached near one end of the cell, have yellow and brown carotenoids | ||
stramenopile; multicellular, largest and most complex algae | ||
ameobozoan; commonly unicellular, in soil as well as freshwater and marine environments | ||
ameobozoan; parasites of vertebrates and some invertebrates | ||
ameobozoan; ____ slime mold, brightly pigmented, usually yellow or orange, form a plasmodium at one point in the life cycle which contains many diploid nuclei | ||
group classified by amoeba that have lobe-shaped pseudopodia, very much like fungi | ||
group classified by amoeba that have threadlike pseudopodia | ||
ameobozoan; _____ slime mold, form multicellular aggregates in which the cells remain separated by their membrane | ||
Cercozoan; multichambered shells called tests, Pseudopodia extend through the pores in the test | ||
Cercozoan; marine protists whose tests are fused into one delicate piece which is generally made of silica, pseudopodia, known as axopodia, radiate from the central body | ||
have an accessory pigment called phycoerythrin, most abundant algae in costal waters of the tropics | ||
closely related to plants, named for their green-grass chloroplasts | ||
green algae; live in fresh water, although many are marine, have complex life cycles | ||
green algae; live completely submerged in the water |
27 & 28 Vocab
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