135952572 | Royal African Company | A trading company chartered by the English government in 1672 to conduct its merchants' trade on the Atlantic coast of Africa | 0 | |
135952573 | Atlantic system | The network of trading links after 1500 that moved goods, wealth, people, and cultures around the Atlantic Ocean basin | 1 | |
135952574 | chartered company | Groups of private investors who paid an annual fee to France and England in exchange for a monopoly over trade to the West Indies colonies | 2 | |
135952575 | Dutch West India Company | 1621-1794; Trading company chartered by the Dutch government to conduct its merchant's trade in the Americas and Africa | 3 | |
135952576 | plantocracy | In the West Indian colonies, the rich men who owned most of the slaves and most of the land, especially in the 18th century | 4 | |
135952577 | driver | A privileged male slave whose job was to ensure that a slave gang did its work on a plantation | 5 | |
135952578 | seasoning | An often difficult period of adjustment to new climates, disease, environments, and work routines, such as that experienced by slaves newly arrived in the Americas | 6 | |
135952579 | manumission | A grant of legal freedom to an individual slave | 7 | |
135952580 | maroon | A slave who ran away from his or her master. Often a member of a community of runaway slaves in the West Indies and South America | 8 | |
135952581 | capitalism | The economic system of large financial institutions-banks, stock exchanges, investment companies-that first developed in early modern Europe | 9 | |
135952582 | mercantilism | European government policies of the 16th-18th centuries designed to promote overseas trade between a country and its colonies to trade only with their motherland country. The British system was defined by the Navigation Acts, the French system by laws known as the Exclusif | 10 | |
135952583 | Atlantic Circuit | The network of trade routes connecting Europe, Africa, and the Americas that underlay the Atlantic system | 11 | |
135952584 | Middle Passage | The part of the Atlantic Circuit involving the transportation of enslaved Africans across the Atlantic to the Americas | 12 | |
135952585 | Songhai | A people, language, kingdom, and empire in western Sudan in West Africa. At its height in the 16th century, it stretched from the Atlantic to the land of the Hausa and was a major player in the trans-Saharan trade | 13 | |
135952586 | Hausa | An agricultural and trading people of central Sudan in West Africa. Aside from their brief incorporation into the Songhai Empire, these city-states remained autonomous until the Sokoto Caliphate conquered them in the early 19th century | 14 | |
135952587 | Bornu | A powerful West African kingdom at the southern edge of the Sahara in the Central Sudan, which was important in trans-Saharan trade and in the spread of Islam. It lasted from the 9th-19th century | 15 |
AP World Chapter 18 Vocab Flashcards
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