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APES Unit 1 Flashcards

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7247766444CommonPublicly owned, "no ownership", renewable resources.0
7247768461Tragedy of the CommonsOpen-access renewable resources and shared resources are environmentally degrading.1
7247773883DemographicsPopulation experts.2
7247775692Cultural Carrying CapacityMaximum number of people who could reasonably live with out decreasing the ability of earth to sustain further generations.3
7247780005PopulationA group of interbreeding individuals of the same species.4
7247782824OpportunistsGet resources when they have the opportunity to.5
7247786431Limiting Factor PrincipleToo much or too little of any physical or chemical factor can limit or prevent the growth of a population, even if all other factors are at or near the optimal range of tolerance.6
7247791741Population DensityThe number of individuals in a population found within a defined area.7
7247793523Environmental ResistanceThe combination of all factors that act to limit growth of a population.8
7247795803Carrying CapacityThe maximum population of a species that a habitat can sustain indefinitely.9
7247798539Population CrashPopulation has a sharp decline.10
7247800895Crude Birth RateNumber of live births per 1,000 people.11
7247801971Crude Death RateNumber of deaths per 1,000 people.12
7247805556Population Change(Births + Immigration) - (Deaths + Emigration)13
7247809794Fertility RateHow many children are born in a population over a set period of time.14
7247813403Replacement-Level Fertility RateThe average number of kids a couple must have to replace themselves.15
7247814554Total Fertility RateAverage number of children born to women in their reproductive years.16
7247816709Life ExpectancyAverage age someone will live to.17
7247819301Infant Mortality RateAverage number of infant deaths before their first birthday out of 1,000.18
7247821732MigrationMovement of people.19
7247822671Age StructureNumber of males and females in young, middle, and old age range.20
7247826698Demographic TransitionAs countries become industrialized and economically developed, the population will grow slowly.21
7247831291Family PlanningHelps couples choose how many kids they want and when they should have them.22
7247834905Food SecurityAll people in a population have daily access to food.23
7247836955Food InsecurityLiving with chronic hunger or poor nutrition.24
7247842194UrbanizationCreation and growth of urban areas.25
7247843050Urban GrowthRate of increase of urban populations.26
7247844151Urban SprawlGrowth of low density development on edges of cities and towns.27
7289729376DemographyThe study of people and populations.28
7289740418Green RevolutionThe increase in agricultural productivity due to improvements in farming technology.29
7289758341Density Dependent FactorsFactors that vary depending on the amount of people in the area.30
7289768815Density Independent FactorsFactors that have no connection to the amount of people in the area.31
7289776316Doubling Time70/ birth rate32
7308474646SurvivorshipThe percentage of a population reaching a given age or the proportion of the maximum life span of the species reached by any individual.33
7308481521Biotic PotentialThe maximum capacity of an individual or population to reproduce under optimal environmental conditions.34
7308492356CompetitorsTake care of their young, gather more resources, live longer.35
7308496761R- speciesLay lots of eggs--> not many survive.36
7308498536K-speciesLay few eggs--> higher survival rate.37
7308515533Population MomentumThe tendency for population to grow despite a fall in birth rate or fertility levels.38
7308524797Intrinsic Rate of IncreaseThe rate a population would grow with unlimited resources39
7308534662Exponential GrowthJ-Shaped curve-- a constant rate per time period.40
7308535922J CurveExponential growth.41
7308542017Logistic GrowthExponential growth with small population, steady decrease in growth rate as population encounter environmental resistance and approaches carrying capacity.42
7308545812Population OvershootPopulations of some species temporarily exceed the carrying capacity.43
7308547084SurplusHaving an excess of something.44
7308553080Baby Boom1945-1965: following WW2, veterans came home and wanted to start families and they all had mass babies at the same time.45
7308568758Baby Bust1965-1975: another decline in birth rates because the babies from the baby boom weren't old enough to have kids yet.46
7308574736ImmigrationThe movement of people into an area.47
7308580306EmigrationThe movement of people out of an area.48
7308591641Net MigrationThe difference between immigration and emigration in a given year per 1,000 people in a country.49
7308597366Population ExplosionThe sudden growth of a population.50
7308600293Population Growth Curve51
7308607930S CurveThe population is exponential, then wavy at the top as it stabilizes.52
7308614598Ecological FootprintThe impact of human activities measured in terms of the area of biologically productive land and water required to produce the goods consumed and to assimilate the wastes generated.53
7308619455Natural Capital DegradationThe degradation of natural resources.54
7308625021Pre-Reproductive Age1-1455
7308626147Reproductive Age15-4556
7308627213Post-Reproductive Age45+57
7308657531Pre-Industrial StageThe first stage of the demographic transition model, characterized by conditions that defined most of human history.58
7308661410Transitional StageThe first stage of the demographic transition model, characterized by conditions that defined most of human history.59
7308665698Industrial StageThe third stage of the demographic, characterized by falling birth rates and closed the gap of falling death rates, reduced population growth.60
7308669742Post-Industrial StageFourth and final stage of demographic, both birth and death rates have fallen and remained stable, population may even decline slightly.61
7308683228Gross National ProductGross national product is the value of all goods and services produced by a country in one year from all national and international business; per capita means divided by population.62
7308719339Environmental ImpactPossible adverse effects caused by a development, industrial, or infrastructural project or by the release of a substance in the environment.63

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