AP Vocabulary Chapter 2 Flashcards
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| 12029733518 | Demography | The scientific study of population characteristics. | 0 | |
| 12029733519 | Ecumene | The portion of Earth's surface occupied by permanent human settlement. | 1 | |
| 12029733520 | Census | A complete enumeration of a population. | 2 | |
| 12029733521 | Crude Birth Rate (CBR) | The total number of live births in a year for every 1,000 people alive in the society. | 3 | |
| 12029733522 | Crude Death Rate (CDR) | The total number of deaths in a year for every 1,000 people alive in the society. | 4 | |
| 12029733523 | Natural Increase Rate (NIR) | The percentage growth of a population in a year, computed as the crude birth rate minus the crude death rate. | 5 | |
| 12029733524 | Doubling Time | The number of years needed to double a population, assuming a constant rate of natural increase. | 6 | |
| 12029733525 | Total Fertility Rate (TFR) | The average number of children a woman will have throughout her childbearing years. | 7 | |
| 12029733526 | Arithmetic Density | The total number of people divided by the total land area. | 8 | |
| 12029733527 | Physiological Density | The number of people per unit of area of arable land, which is land suitable for agriculture. | 9 | |
| 12029733528 | Agricultural Density | The ratio of the number of farmers to the total amount of land suitable for agriculture | 10 | |
| 12029733529 | demographic transition | The process of change in a society's population from a condition of high crude birth and death rates and low rate of natural increase to a condition of low crude birth and death rates, low rate of natural increase, and a higher total population. | 11 | |
| 12029733530 | population explosions | The rapid growth of the world's human population during the past century, attended by ever-shorter doubling times and accelerating rates of increase | 12 | |
| 12029733531 | Baby Boom | A cohort of individuals born in the United States between 1946 and 1964, which was just after World War II in a time of relative peace and prosperity. These conditions allowed for better education and job opportunities, encouraging high rates of both marriage and fertility. | 13 | |
| 12029733532 | Baby Bust | Period of time during the 1960s and 1970s when fertility rates in the United States dropped as large numbers of women from the baby boom generation sought higher levels of education and more competitive jobs, causing them to marry later in life. As such, the fertility rate dropped considerably, in contrast to the baby boom, in which fertility rates were quite high. | 14 | |
| 12029733533 | Zero Population Growth (ZPG) | A decline of the total fertility rate to the point where the natural increase rate equals zero. | 15 | |
| 12029733534 | carring capacity | the largest numbers of individuals that a specific enviroment can support | 16 | |
| 12029733535 | Demographic Momentum | Tendency of population growth to continue despite stringent family planning programs because of a relatively high concentration of people in the childbearing years. | 17 | |
| 12029733536 | Epidemiology | Branch of medical science concerned with the incidence, distribution, and control of diseases that affect large numbers of people. | 18 | |
| 12029733537 | Epidemiological Transition | distinctive causes of death in each stage of the demographic transition | 19 | |
| 12029733538 | Pandemic | Disease that occurs over a wide geographic area and affects a very high proportion of the population. | 20 | |
| 12029733539 | Overpopulation | The number of people in an area exceeds the capacity of the environment to support life at a decent standard of living. | 21 | |
| 12029733540 | Thomas Malthus | claimed that population grows at an exponential rate while food production increases arithmetically and eventually population growth would outpace food production | 22 | |
| 12029733541 | Neo-Malthusians | Argue that two characteristics of recent population growth make Malthus's thesis more frightening than when it was first written more than 200 years ago. First, in Malthus's time only a few relatively wealthy countries had entered stage 2 of the demographic transition, characterized by rapid population increase, coupled with increasing medical technology that makes a larger gap in some countries than Malthus anticipated. Second, world population is outstripping a variety of resources, not just food production. | 23 | |
| 12029733542 | Population Pyramid | A bar graph representing the distribution of population by age and sex. | 24 | |
| 12029733543 | Cohort | A population group unified by a specific common characteristic, such as age, and subsequently treated as a statistical unit. | 25 | |
| 12029733544 | sex ratio | The number of males per 100 females in the population. | 26 | |
| 12029733545 | dependency ratio | The number of people under age 15 and over age 64 compared to the number of people active in the labor force | 27 |
