Flashcards
AP Psychology Unit 14 Flashcards
Terms : Hide Images
| 13662117347 | social psychology | the scientific study of how we think about, influence, and relate to one another Example: studying how peoples' behaviors change when they are in a room with their teachers rather than other students | 0 | |
| 13662117348 | attribution theory | the theory that we explain someone's behavior by crediting either the situation or the person's disposition Example: someone's car breaks down on the highway and they believe it is because of their ignorance about cars | 1 | |
| 13662123352 | fundamental attribution error | the tendency for observers, when analyzing another's behavior, to underestimate the impact of the situation and to overestimate the impact of personal disposition Example: when someone gets in a wreck, people tend to think it is because they are a bad driver | 2 | |
| 13662123353 | attitude | feelings, often influenced by our beliefs, that predispose us to respond in a particular way to objects, people, and events Example: when a student becomes snappy and upset because of something their friend did to them | 3 | |
| 13662128358 | peripheral route persuasion | occurs when people are influenced by incidental cues, such as a speaker's attractiveness Example: students being asked about two teachers, one more attractive than the other, and having to decide who is smarter: the more attractive one was decided as smarter | 4 | |
| 13662131036 | central route persuasion | occurs when interested people focus on the arguments and respond with favorable thoughts Example: if the students asked to determine who was smarter of two teachers focused on what they said and how they explained things | 5 | |
| 13662135203 | foot-in-the-door phenomenon | the tendency for people who have first agreed to a small request to comply later with a larger request Example: someone's sister asking them to watch her kids for an hour while she goes to the grocery store, and then asking the sister to watch the kids for a weekend while she goes to New York | 6 | |
| 13662135204 | role | a set of expectations (norms) about a social position, defining how those in the position ought to behave Example: gender roles such as men taking out the trash and mowing the lawn and women bearing children and cooking and cleaning | 7 | |
| 13662140189 | cognitive dissonance theory | the theory that we act to reduce the discomfort (dissonance) we feel when two of our thoughts (cognitions) are inconsistent Example: when our awareness of our attitudes and of our actions clash, we can reduce the resulting dissonance by changing our attitudes | 8 | |
| 13662140190 | norms | understood rules for accepted and expected behavior: norms prescribe "proper" behavior Example: a child is supposed to be quiet in class and raise their hands to ask or answer questions | 9 | |
| 13662140191 | conformity | adjusting our behavior or thinking to coincide with a group standard Example: refer to the image |  | 10 |
| 13662146748 | normative social influence | influence resulting from a person's desire to gain approval or avoid disapproval Example: being peer pressured into going sky diving to avid being called a scaredy cat | 11 | |
| 13662150193 | informational social influence | influence resulting from one's willingness to accept others' opinions about reality Example: when a person goes to a party with their friends and drinks even though they don't agree with it | 12 | |
| 13662155279 | social facilitation | improved performance on simple or well-learned tasks in the presence of others Example: a person running a race faster than when they run alone in their neighborhood | 13 | |
| 13662159019 | social loafing | the tendency for people in a group to exert less effort when pooling their efforts toward attaining a common goal than when individually accountable Example: refer to the image |  | 14 |
| 13662161240 | deindividuation | the loss of self-awareness and self-restraint occurring in group situations that foster arousal and anonymity Example: when a group of excited, rioting sports fan win a big game and do things they would never do alone such as graffiti | 15 | |
| 13662166178 | group polarization | the enhancement of a group's prevailing inclinations through discussion within the group Example: after a discussion about racism, someone in the group who was racist defends their attitude more then they would have beforehand | 16 | |
| 13662166179 | groupthink | the mode of thinking that occurs when the desire for harmony in a decision-making group overrides a realistic appraisal of alternatives Example: the Bays of Pigs invasion planned by the Eisenhower administration and carried out by the Kennedy administration | 17 | |
| 13662166180 | culture | the enduring behaviors, ideas, attitudes, values, and traditions shared by a group of people and transmitted from one generation to the next Example: the salsa dance in Mexico, huipil blouses and skirts in Mexico, and carnitas in Mexico represent this | 18 | |
| 13662171697 | prejudice | an unjustifiable (and usually negative) attitude toward a group and its members: prejudice generally involves stereotyped beliefs, negative feelings, and a predisposition to discriminatory action Example: racial, gender, religious, etc. | 19 | |
| 13662171698 | stereotype | a generalized (sometimes accurate but often overgeneralized) belief about a group of people Example: a woman is expected to know how to cook | 20 | |
| 13662174618 | discrimination | unjustifiable negative behavior toward a group and its members Example: refer to the image |  | 21 |
| 13662174619 | just-world phenomenon | the tendency for people to believe the world is just and that people therefore get what they deserve and deserve what they get Example: refer to the image |  | 22 |
| 13662177854 | ingroup | "us"—people with whom we share a common identity Example: Cady, Regina, Karen, and Gretchen from Mean Girls | 23 | |
| 13662181699 | outgroup | "them"- those perceived as different or apart from our ingroup Example: Janis from Mean Girls | 24 | |
| 13662181700 | ingroup bias | the tendency to favor our own group Example: refer to the image |  | 25 |
| 13662186417 | scapegoat therapy | the theory that prejudice offers an outlet for anger by providing someone to blame Example: my mom once misplaced her wedding ring in a toy bin, and she blamed me for losing the rings | 26 | |
| 13662186418 | other-race effect | the tendency to recall faces of one's own race more accurately than faces of other races Example: a white teacher who is better remembering white students faces rather than black students faces or mixing up the names of the black students | 27 | |
| 13662189528 | aggression | any physical or verbal behavior intended to harm someone physically or emotionally Example: a girl during a soccer game making jokes about the other team, kicking the ball at their face, and kicking their shins where the shinguards do not cover | 28 | |
| 13662194061 | frustration-aggression principle | the principle that frustration- the blocking of an attempt to achieve some goal- creates anger, which can generate aggression Example: when a soccer play gets frustrated with the refs because they are making unfair calls for the other team and becomes angry and tackles a girl on the other team | 29 | |
| 13662194062 | social script | a culturally modeled guide for how to act in various situations Example: a student goes by a handbook for how to act in class, including dress code, what do do in case of a fire, to be quiet while the teacher is talking, etc. | 30 | |
| 13662199020 | mere exposure effect | the phenomenon that repeated exposure to novel stimuli increases liking of them Example: when you first hear a song and hate it, then you listen to it so much that you like it | 31 | |
| 13662201713 | passionate love | an aroused state of intense positive absorption in another, usually present at the beginning of a romantic relationship Example: when two people in a relationship love spending time with one another and have had any fights and think the world of one another | 32 | |
| 13662201714 | compassionate love | the deep affectionate attachment we feel for those with whom our lives are intertwined Example: the love children have for their parents | 33 | |
| 13662205271 | equity | a condition in which people receive from a relationship in proportion to what they give to it Example: refer to the image |  | 34 |
| 13662205272 | self-disclosure | the act of revealing intimate aspects of oneself to others Example: someone talking about their deepest, darkest secrets to their friends | 35 | |
| 13662208303 | altruism | unselfish regard for the welfare of others Example: Superman and other heroes | 36 | |
| 13662208304 | bystander effect | the tendency for any given bystander to be less likely to give aid if other bystanders are present Example: refer to the image |  | 37 |
| 13662212251 | social exchange theory | the theory that our social behavior is an exchange process, the aim of which is to maximize benefits and minimize costs Example: refer to the image |  | 38 |
| 13662231498 | reciprocity norm | an expectation that people will help, not hurt, those who have helped them Example: a person helping out a friend with their science homework who recently helped them with their math homework | 39 | |
| 13662235843 | social-responsibility norm | an expectation that people will help those needing their help Example: refer to the image |  | 40 |
| 13662235844 | conflict | a perceived incompatibility of actions, goals, or ideas Example: when a girl wants to have kids but her significant other doesn't want kids | 41 | |
| 13662238656 | social trap | a situation in which the conflicting parties, by each pursuing their self-interest rather than the good of the group, become caught in mutually destructive behavior Example: refer to the image |  | 42 |
| 13662241739 | mirror-image perceptions | mutual views often held by conflicting people, as when each side sees itself as ethical and peaceful and views the other side as evil and aggressive Example: refer to the image |  | 43 |
| 13662244204 | self-fulfilling prophecy | a belief that leads to its own fulfillment Example: the team believing that they will win, and then the team winning | 44 | |
| 13662248795 | superordinate goals | shared goals that override differences among people and require their cooperation Example: people who all want to graduate even though they don't agree on everything working out who should be the commencement speaker | 45 | |
| 13662248796 | GRIT | Graduated and Reciprocated Initiatives in Tension-Reduction - a strategy designed to decrease international tensions Example: not relative to the term | 46 |
AP Psychology Memory Flashcards
RCHS Advanced Placement Psychology
Unit 2 Chapter 9 Terms
Terms : Hide Images
| 12503815488 | memory | the persistence of learning over time through the storage and retrieval of information. |  | 0 |
| 12503815489 | encoding | the processing of information into the memory system—for example, by extracting meaning. |  | 1 |
| 12503815490 | storage | the retention of encoded information over time. |  | 2 |
| 12503815491 | retrieval | the process of getting information out of memory storage. | | 3 |
| 12503815492 | sensory memory | the immediate, very brief recording of sensory information in the memory system. | | 4 |
| 12503815493 | short-term memory | activated memory that holds a few items briefly, such as the seven digits of a phone number while dialing, before the information is stored or forgotten. | | 5 |
| 12503815494 | long-term memory | the relatively permanent and limitless storehouse of the memory system. Includes knowledge, skills, and experiences. | | 6 |
| 12503815495 | working memory | a newer understanding of short-term memory that focuses on conscious, active processing of incoming auditory and visual-spatial information, and of information retrieved from long-term memory. | | 7 |
| 12503815496 | automatic processing | unconscious encoding of incidental information, such as space, time, and frequency, and of well-learned information, such as word meanings. |  | 8 |
| 12503815497 | effortful processing | encoding that requires attention and conscious effort. |  | 9 |
| 12503815498 | rehearsal | the conscious repetition of information, either to maintain it in consciousness or to encode it for storage. |  | 10 |
| 12503815499 | spacing effect | the tendency for distributed study or practice to yield better long-term retention than is achieved through massed study or practice. |  | 11 |
| 12503815500 | serial position effect | our tendency to recall best the last and first items in a list. |  | 12 |
| 12503815501 | visual encoding | the encoding of picture images. |  | 13 |
| 12503815502 | acoustic encoding | the encoding of sound, especially the sound of words. |  | 14 |
| 12503815503 | semantic encoding | the encoding of meaning, including the meaning of words. |  | 15 |
| 12503815504 | imagery | mental pictures; a powerful aid to effortful processing, especially when combined with semantic encoding. |  | 16 |
| 12503815505 | mnemonics | memory aids, especially those techniques that use vivid imagery and organizational devices. |  | 17 |
| 12503815506 | chunking | organizing items into familiar, manageable units in STM because space is limited to 7 bits. This increasing the efficiency of STM. |  | 18 |
| 12503815507 | iconic memory | a momentary sensory memory of visual stimuli; a photographic or picture-image memory lasting no more than a few tenths of a second. |  | 19 |
| 12503815508 | echoic memory | A momentary sensory memory of auditory stimuli; if attention is elsewhere, sounds and words can still be recalled within 3 or 4 seconds. |  | 20 |
| 12503815509 | long-term potentiation (LTP) | an increase in a synapse's firing potential after brief, rapid stimulation. Believed to be a neural basis for learning and memory. |  | 21 |
| 12503815510 | flashbulb memory | a clear memory of an emotionally significant moment or event. |  | 22 |
| 12503815511 | amnesia | the loss of memory. |  | 23 |
| 12503815512 | implicit memory | retention independent of conscious recollection. (Also called non-declarative or procedural memory.) |  | 24 |
| 12503815513 | explicit memory | memory of facts and experiences that one can consciously know and "declare." (Also called declarative memory.) |  | 25 |
| 12503815514 | hippocampus | a neural center that is located in the limbic system; helps process explicit memories for storage. |  | 26 |
| 12503815515 | recall | a measure of memory in which the person must retrieve information learned earlier, as on a fill-in-the-blank test. |  | 27 |
| 12503815516 | recognition | a measure of memory in which the person need only identify items previously learned, as on a multiple-choice test. |  | 28 |
| 12503815517 | relearning | a measure of memory that assesses the amount of time saved when learning material for a second time. |  | 29 |
| 12503815518 | priming | the activation, often unconsciously, of certain associations, thus predisposing one's perception, memory, or response. |  | 30 |
| 12503815519 | mood-congruent memory | the tendency to recall experiences that are consistent with one's current good or bad mood. |  | 31 |
| 12503815520 | proactive interference | the disruptive effect of prior learning on the recall of new information. |  | 32 |
| 12503815521 | retroactive interference | the disruptive effect of new learning on the recall of old information. | | 33 |
| 12503815522 | repression | in psychoanalytic theory, the basic defense mechanism that banishes anxiety-arousing thoughts, feelings, and memories from consciousness. |  | 34 |
| 12503815523 | misinformation effect | incorporating misleading information into one's memory of an event. |  | 35 |
| 12503815524 | source amnesia | attributing to the wrong source an event we have experienced, heard about, read about, or imagined. (Also called source misattribution.) Source amnesia, along with the misinformation effect, is at the heart of many false memories. |  | 36 |
| 12503815525 | Consolidation | The process of the brain forming a LTM | 37 | |
| 12503815526 | episodic memory | Explicit memories that have a time and a place. | 38 | |
| 12503815527 | procedural memory | Implicit memories (retrieved unconsciously) which involved motor skills; for example; riding a bike, typing, and tying a shoe. | 39 | |
| 12503815528 | Curve of forgetting | Indicates LTM decay over time. Rapid decay occurs within the first 20 minutes and then memory decay slows down to 20-30% over 30 days. | 40 | |
| 12503815529 | Selective Attention | Transferring sensory memory into STM. | 41 | |
| 12503815530 | Elaborative Rehearsal | Connecting new information with memories already stored in LTM. | 42 | |
| 12503815531 | Maintenance Rehearsal | Repeating new information over and over to strengthen LTM. | 43 | |
| 12503815532 | Deep processing | Similar to elaboratiave rehearsal; connecting semantics of a new word to LTM which builds a strong memory trace that is resistant to memory decay. | 44 | |
| 12503815533 | Shallow Processing | Phonetic memory building which leads to a fragile memory trace that is susceptible to rapid decay. (Focusing on how to say the word). | 45 | |
| 12503815534 | cerebellum | Brain part that stores implicit memories. | 46 | |
| 12503815535 | hippocampus | Brain part responsible for the storage of LTM. | 47 | |
| 12503815536 | Engrams | Karl Lashley searched the brain for specific memory traces. Never found them | 48 |
AP World History Flashcards
Terms : Hide Images
| 14804348441 | Song Dynasty | (960-1279 CE) The Chinese dynasty that placed much more emphasis on civil administration, industry, education, and arts other than military. | 0 | |
| 14804348442 | Neo-Confucianism | The Confucian response to Buddhism by taking Confucian and Buddhist beliefs and combining them into this. However, it is still very much Confucian in belief. | 1 | |
| 14804348443 | Branches of Buddhism | Theravada, Mahayana, Tibetan, Zen | 2 | |
| 14804348444 | Filial Piety | In Confucian thought, one of the virtues to be cultivated, a love and respect for one's parents and ancestors. | 3 | |
| 14804348445 | Foot Binding | Chinese practice of tightly wrapping girls' feet to keep them small, begun in the Tang dynasty; an emphasis on small size and delicacy was central to views of female beauty. | 4 | |
| 15042576073 | Syncretism | The unification or blending of opposing people, ideas, or practices, frequently in the realm of religion. For example, when Christianity was adopted by people in a new land, they often incorporate it into their existing culture and traditions. | 5 | |
| 15042590217 | Meritocracy | a system in which promotion is based on individual ability or achievement | 6 | |
| 15042599209 | Scholarly Gentry | civil servants appointed by the emperor of China to perform day-to-day governance from the Han dynasty to the end of the Qing dynasty in 1912, China's last imperial dynasty. | 7 | |
| 15042605847 | Champa Rice | Quick-maturing rice that can allow two harvests in one growing season. Originally introduced into Champa from India, it was later sent to China as a tribute gift by the Champa state (as part of the tributary system.) | 8 | |
| 15042612592 | Grand Canal expansion | The world's largest waterworks project. Water ways provided transportation between North and South China. Helped expand economy and politics. | 9 |
Flashcards
ap Flashcards
demand , suplay , interaksiyon etc
Terms : Hide Images
| 15255495307 | demand | tumutukoy sa produkto na handa at kayang bilhin sa iba't ibang presyo sa isang takdang panahon | 0 | |
| 15255495308 | Presyo | halagang dapat ibayad para sa yunit ng output | 1 | |
| 15255495309 | Law of Demand | pag uugali ng konsyumer sa pagtugon sa pagbabago ng presyo | 2 | |
| 15255495310 | Ceteris paribus | Ito ay nakapirmi lamang o hindi nagbabago | 3 | |
| 15255495311 | Ekwasyon ng demand | "Mathematical function" | 4 | |
| 15255495312 | Qd = a - bP | ito ay ang ekwasyon ng demand | 5 | |
| 15255495313 | Qd | ito ay tumutukoy sa dami ng demand ; dependent variable | 6 | |
| 15255495314 | a | tumutukoy sa dami ng demand kung ang presyo ay 0 | 7 | |
| 15255495315 | (-b) | ito ay ang slope ng demand | 8 | |
| 15255495316 | P | ito ay ang "presyo" sa ekwasyon | 9 | |
| 15255495317 | Iskedyul ng demand | Talahanayang nagpapakita kung gaano karaming produkto ang kayang bilhin ng konsyumer | 10 | |
| 15255495318 | Kurba ng demand | Ipinapakita amg kabaliktarang ugnayan ng dami ng demand at presyo | 11 | |
| 15255495319 | Downward sloping | Paano iginuhit ang kurba ng demand? | 12 | |
| 15255495320 | Kurba ng Demand | Ito ay grapikong naglalarawan sa demand | 13 | |
| 15255495321 | Populasyon | Ito ay isang variable ng demand na nangangahulugang mas marami ang konsyumer kaysa sa produkto kahit na ang presyo ay nananatili | 14 | |
| 15255495322 | Kinikita | Ito ay isang variable ng demand na nagpapahiwatig ng mas malaking kapasidad upang makabili ng mas maraming produkto | 15 | |
| 15255495323 | Panlasa | Ito ay isang variable ng demand na nakadepende sa kung ano ang nauuso | 16 | |
| 15255495324 | Presyo ng kapalit at kaugnay na kalakal | Ito ay isang variable ng demand na naiimpluwensyahan ng substitute goods at complementary goods | 17 | |
| 15255495325 | Distribusyon ng kinikita ng mga sambahayan | Ito ay isang variable ng demand na naiimpluwensiyahan ng buwis na nakukuha sa isang mamamayan | 18 | |
| 15255495326 | Ispekulasyon tungkol sa magiging presyo ng kalakal sa hinaharap | Ito ay isang variable ng demand na gumagawa sila ng paraan upang iimbak ang mga produkto | 19 | |
| 15255495327 | Okasyon | Ito ay isang variable ng demand na nakakaapekto sa kung ano ang pinagdiriwang mo | 20 | |
| 15255495328 | Panahon o klima | Ito ay isang variable ng demand na nakadepende sa panahon | 21 | |
| 15255495329 | Kagustuhan at kakayahan | Ito ang 2 konsepto ng isang tao upang makamit at mabili nila ang isang produkto | 22 | |
| 15255495330 | Suplay | Tumutukoy sa dami ng produkto na gustong ipagbili ng mga prodyuser sa pamilihan | 23 | |
| 15255495331 | Pagnanais at kakayahan | Ito ay ang batayan sa pagtatakda ng suplay sa pamilihan | 24 | |
| 15255495332 | Law of supply | Ito ay naglalarawan ng paguugali ng prodyuser sa pagtugon sa mga pagbabago sa presyo sa suplay. | 25 | |
| 15255495333 | Qs = -a + bP | Ito ay ang Ekwasyon ng suplay | 26 | |
| 15255495334 | Qs | Ito ay ang dami ng suplay | 27 | |
| 15255495335 | -a | Ito ay dami ng suplay kung ang presyo ay 0 | 28 | |
| 15255495336 | (+b) | ito ay slope of the function | 29 | |
| 15255495337 | Iskedyul ng suplay | Talahanayang nagpapakita kung gaano karaming produkto ang nais iprodyus ng prodyuser sa iba't ibang presyo sa suplay | 30 | |
| 15255495338 | Kurba ng suplay | Ito ay ginuhit upang ipakita ang positibong kaugnayan sa dami ng suplay at presyo nito | 31 | |
| 15255495339 | Upward sloping | Ito ay kung paano iginuguhit ang kurba ng suplay | 32 | |
| 15255495340 | Dami ng prodyuser | Ito ay variable ng suplay na tumutukoy kung marami ang pinoprodyus, tataas ang suplay | 33 | |
| 15255495341 | Presyo ng input/gastos ng produksyon | Ito ay variable ng suplay na kailangan ng raw materials upang makapagprodyus ng isang bagay at malaki ang epekto ng presyo ng isang input | 34 | |
| 15255495342 | Teknolohiya | Ito ay variable ng suplay na gumagamit ng mas mabilis na paraan upang makapagprodyus | 35 | |
| 15255495343 | Ispekulasyon sa magiging presyo ng kalakal sa hinaharap | Ito ay variable ng suplay na tinatago nila ang suplay o hino hoard | 36 | |
| 15255495344 | Panahon | Ito ay variable ng suplay na nakakaapekto ang tag init at tag lamig | 37 | |
| 15255495345 | Kalamidad | Ito ay variable ng suplay na nakakaapekto ang bagyo, lindol etc. | 38 | |
| 15634719310 | Interaksyon ng demand at suplay | sa pamilihan ang dami ng demand para sa isang produkto o serbisyo ay maaring marami, kulang o pantay sa dami ng suplay. | 39 | |
| 15634719311 | Qd > Qs | ito ang interaksyon ng shortage o labis na demand | 40 | |
| 15634719312 | Qd < Qs | Ito ang interaksyon kapag ito ay surplus o labis na suplay | 41 | |
| 15634719313 | Price Ceiling | ipinapatupad ng pamahalaan kung sa tingin nito ay sobrang mataas ang presyo ng kalakal o paglilingkod. | 42 | |
| 15634719314 | Qd ≠ Qs | Ito ang interaksyon ng disekwilibriyum | 43 | |
| 15634719315 | Price Floor | Ito ay ipinapatupad ng pamahalaan kung sa tingin nito ay sobrang mababa ang presyo ng pinakamababang presyong maaring ipataw sa particular na produkto o serbisyo. | 44 | |
| 15634719316 | Ekwilibriyum | Ito ay isang sitwasyon na kung saan ang dami ng demand ay natutugunan ng dami ng suplay | 45 | |
| 15634719317 | Qd = Qs | Ito ang interaksyon ng ekwilibriyum | 46 | |
| 15634719318 | ELASTISIDAD NG DEMAND | tumutukoy sa porsiyento o bahagdan ng pagtugon ng konsyumer at prodyuser sa bawat pagbabago ng presyo.Ito ang pagtugon sa bawat pagbabago ng presyo ay mailalarawan sa iba't ibang uri ng elastisidad | 47 | |
| 15634719319 | Pamilihan | Dito may nagaganap na pagpapalitan at interaksiyon sa pagitan ng mamimili at nagbibili kaugnay ng presyo at dami ng produkto at serbisyo. | 48 | |
| 15634719320 | Konsyumer at Prodyuser | Ito ang 2 ahensya ng pamilihan | 49 | |
| 15634719321 | Ganap na kompetisyon | Libo-libo ang dami ng konsyumer at prodyuser na kung saan magkakatulad ang kalakal. | 50 | |
| 15634719322 | Kompetisyong Monopolistiko | Ito ay ang mga branded na produkto na madalas nag-aanunsiyo gaya ng toothpaste, mouthwash , facial wash etc. | 51 | |
| 15634719323 | Oligopolyo | Hal. Kumpanya ng langis | 52 | |
| 15634719324 | Monopolyo | Hal. MERALCO, Manila Water | 53 |
Flashcards
Flashcards
AP Human Geography Rubenstein Chapter 5 Language Flashcards
Terms : Hide Images
| 16002683993 | British Received Pronunciation (BRP) | The dialect of English associated with upper-class Britons living in London and now considered standard in the United Kingdom. | 0 | |
| 16002683994 | Creole or Creolized Language | A language that results from the mixing of a colonizer's language with the indigenous language of the people being dominated. | 1 | |
| 16002683995 | Denglish | Combination of German and English. | 2 | |
| 16002683996 | Dialect | A regional variety of a language distinguished by vocabulary, spelling, and pronunciation. | 3 | |
| 16002683997 | Ebonics | Dialect spoken by some African Americans. | 4 | |
| 16002683998 | Extinct Language | A language that was once used by people in a daily activities but is no longer used. | 5 | |
| 16002683999 | Franglais | A term used by the French for English words that have entered the French Language; a combination of français and anglais, the French words for "French" and "English," respectively. | 6 | |
| 16002684000 | Ideograms | The system of writing used in China and other East Asian countries in which each symbol represents an idea or a concept rather than a specific sound, as is the ease with letters in English. | 7 | |
| 16002684001 | Isogloss | A boundary that separates regions in which different language usages predominate. | 8 | |
| 16002684002 | Isolated Language | A language that is unrelated to any other languages and therefore not attached to any language family. | 9 | |
| 16002684003 | Language | A system of communication through the use of speech, a collection of sounds understood by a group of people to have the same meaning. | 10 | |
| 16002684004 | Language Branch | A collection of languages related through a common ancestor that existed several thousand years ago. Differences are not as extensive or as old as with language families, and archaeological evidence can confirm that the branches derived from the same family. | 11 | |
| 16002684005 | Language Family | A collection of languages related to each other through a common ancestor long before recorded history. | 12 | |
| 16002684006 | Language Group | A collection of languages within a branch that shares a common origin in the relatively recent past and display relatively few differences in grammar and vocabulary. | 13 | |
| 16002684007 | Lingua Franca | A language mutually understood and commonly used in trade by people who have different native language. | 14 | |
| 16002684008 | Literary Tradition | A language that is written as well as spoken. | 15 | |
| 16002684009 | Official Language | The language adopted for use by the government for the conduct business and publication of documents. | 16 | |
| 16002684010 | Pidgin Language | A form of speech that adopts a simplified grammar and limited vocabulary of a lingua franca; used for communications among speakers of two different languages. | 17 | |
| 16002684011 | Spanglish | Combinations of Spanish and English, spoken by Hispanic Americans. | 18 | |
| 16002684012 | Standard Language | The form of a language used for official government business, education, and mass communications. | 19 | |
| 16002684013 | Vulgar Latin | A form of Latin used in daily conservation by ancient Romans, as opposed to the standard dialect, which was used for official documents. | 20 |
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