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AP Language- Terms Flashcards

14860599391	ad hominem	a type of logical fallacy, personal attack on the opposition	0
14860625273	aim, intention, purpose	why? The writers main goal or objective	1
14860635718	Allusion	a reference to some other source, to bring in an outside source	2
14860655556	Anadiplosis	a form of repetition in which the last word of one clause or sentence is repeated as the first word of the following clause or sentence	3
14860672101	Analogy	a type of comparison between something that is familiar to an audience , to something non-familiar	4
14860695296	anecdote	a short story used to grab attention or to support a claim	5
14860718594	Antimetabole	the repetition of words in consecutive phrases but in reverse order	6
14860738141	Antithesis	when you use contrasting or opposite words and ideas	7
14860756885	Appeal	strategies of argument using logos, ethos, and pathos	8
14860769664	argument	a belief or opinion represented in the piece of writing	9
14860783085	Aristolian Triangle	rhetor(writer) subject auduence(reader)	10
14860811726	arrangement	charts, groups	11
14860821185	Asyndeton	the omission of conjunctions in consecutive phrases	12
14860836683	attitude, stance	others attitude / belief in the subject matter	13
14860846159	audience	intended readers and listeners	14
14860858175	Begging of the question	a situation based on the writers assumption that the audience rejects	15
14860874610	casual relationship	an if/then relationship of causes and effects	16
14860888930	Claim/generalization/thesis	main point of argument, main opinion	17
14860898699	Climax	the arrangement of words in the order of increasing importance	18
14860913154	Climbing the ladder	connecting two words in the order of importance	19

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Ap US History period 3, ap US history period 3, Ap US History period 3 Flashcards

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15896852505	The French and Indian War	1754-1763 War between French and British in American colonies part of 7 years	0
15896852506	patriots	American colonists who were determined to fight the British until American independence was won	1
15896852510	federalism	A system of government in which power is distributed among certain geographical territories rather than concentrated within a central government.	2
15896852512	republican government	System of government in which power is held by the voters and is exercised by elected representatives responsible for promoting the common welfare.	3
15896852514	Common Sense	A pamphlet written by Thomas Paine that claimed the colonies had a right to be an independent nation	4
15896852516	legislative branch	Branch of government that makes the laws	5
15896852518	French and Indian War	Inspired many colonists to see themselves as different from the British and gave them military confidence to (eventually) challenge England	6
15896852520	loyalist	American colonists who opposed the war for independence.	7
15896852521	natural rights	the idea that all humans are born with rights, which include the right to life, liberty, and property	8
15896852524	Declaration of Independence	1776 statement, issued by the Second Continental Congress, explaining why the colonies wanted independence from Britain.	9
15896852525	The Constitution	New format of government focuses more on a central national power and less on states 3 branch government that limit each other	10
15896852526	Bill of Rights	the first ten amendments to the Constitution, which guaranteed the civil rights of American citizens.	11
15896852527	Federalism	A system in which power is divided between the national and state governments	12
15896852528	Northwest Ordinance	Enacted in 1787, it is considered one of the most significant achievements of the Articles of Confederation. It established a system for setting up governments in the western territories so they could eventually join the Union on an equal footing with the original 13 states	13
15896852529	Albany Congress	A conference called by Franklin in 17454 that proposed unified, colonial action with regards to Indian policy. Rejected by colonies, but seeds of independence were planted	14
15896852532	Paris Peace, 1763	ended the French and Indian War, France gave up all its territories in mainland North America, effectively ending any foreign military threat to the British colonies there	15
15896852534	Proclamation of 1763	British government forbade British colonists from settling west of the Appalachian Mountains, and which required any settlers already living west of the mountains to move back east. It was ignored	16
15896852535	George Washington's presidency	1st president formed the cabinets 2nd term strictly followed constitution left office to tell everyone they needed to be unified established framework of Supreme Court and how they will be decided judiciary	17
15896852536	mercantilism	Economic policy where the colonies were to provide raw materials for England and a place to sell finished British goods	18
15896852538	Sugar Act, 1764	The first act that Parliament passed that raised taxes on the colonies. Indirect tax on imported foods from the West Indies. Colonists became so angry that Parliament lowered the duties.	19
15896852540	Quartering Act, 1765	Was an act enforced by the British on their North American colonies. It required colonist to provide adequate housing and basic necessities like food and drink to British soldiers.	20
15896852542	Stamp Act, 1765	Direct tax imposed on the colonists by Parliament which increased the money colonists paid on printed goods. Purpose was to pay for British soldiers stationed in North America after the French and Indian War.	21
15896852543	Sons/Daughter of Liberty	A radical political organization for colonial independence which formed in 1765 after the passage of the Stamp Act. leaders included Samuel Adams and Paul Revere.	22
15896852545	Townshend Act	A tax that the British Parliament passed in 1767 that was placed on leads, glass, paint and tea	23
15896852547	Boston Massacre	The first bloodshed of the American Revolution (1770), as British guards at the Boston Customs House opened fire on a crowd killing five Americans	24
15896852548	Committee Correspondence	Colonial organizations created to share information about actions of the British prior to the revolution.	25
15896852550	Intolerable Acts	in response to Boston Tea Party, 4 acts passed in 1774, Port of Boston closed, reduced power of assemblies in colonies, permitted royal officers to be tried elsewhere, provided for quartering of troop's in barns and empty houses	26
15896852551	First Continental Congress	In 1774, this was the first attempt to create official colonial unity (and kind of a government) against the British. Formed in response to the Intolerable Acts and voted to boycott British good.	27
15896852553	Hessians	German soldiers hired by George III to smash Colonial rebellion. Caused some undecided colonists to turn against England	28
15896852554	Second Continental Congress	Convened in May 1775, this colonial group was created to officially protest the crack-down of Intolerable Acts. Sent the Olive Branch Petition to King as last ditch effort to stop war. Ultimately, this group was the "government" that organized and fought the war.	29
15896852555	Declaratory Act	Act passed in 1766 after the repeal of the stamp act; stated that Parliament had authority over the the colonies and the right to tax and pass legislation "in all cases whatsoever."	30
15896852556	Lexington and Concord	First battle of the Revolutionary War. Later referred to as "The Shot Heard 'Round the World"	31
15896852558	Valley Forge	Place where Washington's army spent the winter of 1777-1778, a 4th of troops died here from disease and malnutrition, Steuben comes and trains troops	32
15896852560	Saratoga	A battle that took place in New York where the Continental Army defeated the British. It proved to be the turning point of the war. This battle ultimately had France to openly support the colonies with military forces in addition to the supplies and money already being sent.	33
15896852561	Treaty of Paris, 1783	agreement signed by British and American leaders that stated the United States of America was a free and independent country	34
15896852563	Shays' Rebellion	Rebellion of of farmers in western Massachusetts in 1786-1787, protesting mortgage foreclosures. It highlighted the need for a strong national government just as the call for the Constitutional Convention went out.	35
15896852565	Virginia Plan	"Large state" proposal for the new constitution, calling for proportional representation in both houses of a bicameral Congress. The plan favored larger states and thus prompted smaller states to come back with their own plan for apportioning representation.	36
15896852567	New Jersey Plan	"Small state" proposal for the new constitution, in which states got an equal number of representatives in Congress	37
15896852570	Connecticut Compromise	1787; This compromise was between the large and small states of the colonies. The Great Compromise resolved that there would be representation by population in the House of Representatives, and equal representation would exist in the Senate.	38
15896852572	Three-fifths Compromise	Agreement that each slave counted as three-fifths of a person in determining representation in the House for representation and taxation purposes (negated by the 13th amendment)	39
15896852573	Electoral College	Process for electing the President. Seen as a compromise between direct popular vote and having Congress pick the President. "Thanks Electoral College!" -Love and kisses: Donald Trump	40
15896852576	Judiciary Act of 1789	Act which created the federal-court system.	41
15896852577	LIMITED GOVERNMENT	In this type of government everyone, including all authority figures, must obey laws. Constitutions, statements of rights, or other laws define the limits of those in power so they cannot take advantage of the elected, appointed, or inherited positions	42
15896852578	Bank of the United States	Proposed by Alexander Hamilton as the basis of his economic plan. Wold serve as the storehouse for government revenue and establish fiscal policy for the nation	43
15896852579	Whiskey Rebellion	In 1794, farmers in Pennsylvania rebelled against Hamilton's excise tax on alcohol. In October, 1794, the army, led by Washington, put down the rebellion. The incident showed that the new government under the Constitution could react swiftly and effectively	44
15896852580	Legislative Branch	-function: to pass laws, gotta pass both chambers by majority vote before it can become a law; can declare war	45
15896852581	Farewell Address, 1796	1796 speech by Washington urging US to maintain neutrality and avoid permanent alliances with European nations	46
15896852582	Executive Branch	The president and his cabinet. The president cannot legislate but can pass executive orders under certain defined circumstances.	47
15896852583	Alien & Sedition Acts	Acts passed by federalists giving the government power to imprison critics of the government	48
15896852584	Judicial Branch	A branch of government that interprets Congressional laws	49
15896852585	Democratic-Republicans	Political party that wanted more power to the states and rose in direct opposition to the Federalist party	50
15896852586	House of Representatives	the lower legislative house of the United States Congress. The number of people per state is determined by population of the state	51
15896852587	Federalist Party	Political party of Alexander Hamilton and John Adams. Supported a strong central government and "urbanization"	52
15896852588	The Proclamation of 1763	Line drawn by British Parliament, colonists not allowed to settle past Appalachian mountains	53
15896852590	Stamp Act	1765 direct tax on a stamp that must be put on paper, office documents, etc.	54
15896852592	The Coercive Acts	1774 intolerable acts	55
15896852593	The Declaration Of Independence	1776 document written by colonist elites to British King and Parliament stating independence and what all was wrong with British rule and the King	56
15896852594	Battle of Saratoga	Head to head battle between the British and Americans in country side, Americans win by a lot and show they have a chance. The French joined the war effort	57
15896852596	Treaty of Paris	1783 ended the American Revolutionary War Granted the land British gave Indians as American land now American colonies recognized as their own independent country	58
15896852598	Articles of confederation	First form of government A lot of weaknesses No strong central government Strong state governments Causes economical problems and failure	59
15896852602	Connecticut Compromise (Great Compromise)	New Jersey and Virginia plans together and create the senate and House of Representatives senate equal vote house of rep by population	60
15896852603	The Three-Fifths compromise	Slaves count as population for vote in congress 3 slaves for every 5 white were counted	61
15896852607	Hamilton	Tackle debt- grant money back to people, national bank create national government, manufacturing establish tax revenue	62
15896852608	Enlightenment	A movement in the 18th century that advocated the use of reason in the reappraisal of accepted ideas and social institutions.	63
15896852609	John Locke	English philosopher who advocated the idea of a "social contract" in which government powers are derived from the consent of the governed and in which the government serves the people; also said people have natural rights to life, liberty and property.	64
15896852610	Ben Franklin	A delegate from Pennsylvania and proposed the "Albany Plan of the Union" as a way to strengthen colonies.	65
15896852611	Sugar Act of 1764	An act that raised tax revenue in the colonies for the crown. It also increased the duty on foreign sugar imported from the West Indies.	66
15896852612	Quartering Act of 1765	Act forcing colonists to house and supply British forces in the colonies; created more resentment; seen as assault on liberties.	67
15896852613	Townshend Acts	A tax that the British Parliament passed in 1767 that was placed on leads, glass, paint and tea	68
15896852614	Popular Sovereignty	A belief that ultimate power resides in the people.	69
15896852615	Thomas Jefferson	Wrote the Declaration of Independence, Leader of the Democratic-Republican Party	70
15896852616	Second Continental Congress (1775)	Managed the colonial war effort, and moved incrementally towards independence - finally adopting the Declaration of Independence in 1776.	71
15896852617	Sons of Liberty	A radical political organization for colonial independence which formed in 1765 after the passage of the Stamp Act. They incited riots and burned the customs houses where the stamped British paper was kept. After the repeal of the Stamp Act, many of the local chapters formed the Committees of Correspondence which continued to promote opposition to British policies towards the colonies. The Sons leaders included Samuel Adams and Paul Revere.	72
15896852618	Patriots	(also known as Revolutionaries, Continentals, Rebels, or American Whigs) were those colonists of the Thirteen Colonies who rejected British rule during the American Revolution and declared the United States of America as an independent nation in July 1776.	73
15896852619	Tories/Loyalists	Colonists who favored remaining under British control	74
15896852620	Constitutional Convention	A meeting in Philadelphia in 1787 that produced a new constitution	75
15896852621	Articles of Confederation	(1777) the document that created the first central government for the United States; was repealed by the Constitution in 1789	76
15896852622	POPULAR SOVEREIGNTY	Constitutional principle stating that the people hold the power in our government. People hold this power with the ability to vote	77
15896852623	whiskey rebellion	In 1794, farmers in Pennsylvania rebelled against Hamilton's excise tax on whiskey, and several federal officers were killed in the riots caused by their attempts to serve arrest warrants on the offenders. In October, 1794, the army, led by Washington, put down the rebellion. The incident showed that the new government under the Constitution could react swiftly and effectively to such a problem, in contrast to the inability of the government under the Articles of Confederation to deal with Shay's Rebellion.	78
15896852624	Jay's treaty	1794- British and US agreed- British trade w/ Americans and the British leave northwest territory	79
15896852625	Washington's Farewell Address, 1796	Urged Americans to avoid excessive political party spirit and geographical distinctions. In foreign affairs, warned against long-term alliances with other nations -	80
15896852626	XYZ Affair (1797)	Diplomatic conflict between France and the United States when American envoys to France were asked to pay a hefty bribe for the privilege of meeting with the French foreign minister. Many in the U.S. called for war against France, while American sailors and privateers waged an undeclared war against French merchants in the Caribbean.	81
15896852627	Alien and Sedition Acts	Series of four laws enacted in 1798 to reduce the political power of recent immigrants	82
15896852628	Republican Motherhood	suggested that women would be responsible for raising their children to be virtuous citizens of the new American republic.	83
15896852629	Federalist Papers	A collection of 85 articles written by Alexander Hamilton, John Jay, and James Madison under the name "Publius" to defend the Constitution in detail.	84
15896852630	Federalist vs Democratic-Republican	A supporter of a strong national government. Vs. A supporter of state liberties	85