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AP Language & Composition Vocabulary Flashcards

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15088072196adroitskilled or clever in a particular pursuit ex: Nina has become an adroit pianist following her many years of training and practice to master the instrument.0
15088105166aficionadoa devotee; someone who supports a particular activity My family and I are all aficionados of Formula 1 racing as we watch races every Sunday morning and always root for our favorite driver.1
15088134934amorphouswithout definite shape, substance, or form; lacking definition or boundaries ex: The amorphous business proposal was hard to follow as it lacked any structure or focus.2
15088168998aphorismoften-repeated statement; proverb ex: The speaker concluded his presentation with an aphorism which served as a concise and proverbial summation.3
15088224072artificeuse of clever methods to fool others or tip an outcome in your favor ex: The elderly gentleman nearly fell victim to the con-artist's artifice as he devised a scheme to take his money.4
15088254356augurpredict or foretell the future ex: Bob's grades augur a bright future as his high scores indicate that he will be highly successful in the future.5
15088291164avant-gardenew and experimental, especially in regard to art, music, or writing ex: Sam's avant-garde approach to her paintings were controversial, as not everyone appreciated the new styles which she presented.6
15088319998avaricegreed ex: As Tod's fame grew, he began to get caught up in avarice and placed an excessive emphasis on obtaining materialistic pleasures.7
15088358397bailiwickarea of expertise or skill ex: Jeff's bailiwick in investigative procedures made him the best fit detective for the case as it was his are of expertise.8
15088400252benigngentle, kind ex: Talia's benign nature helps her look for the best in others as she is such a kind individual.9
15088426332bete noiredreaded enemy or foe ex: Although Henry saw studying as his bete noire, he had to deal with the dreaded task in order to maintain good grades.10
15150426676bilateralbeing agreed to by two sides ex: In political debates, bilateral decisions can often be hard to accomplish as Democrats and Republicans tend to disagree.11
15150431809bona fidegenuine; legitimate ex: Lewis Hamilton has established his position as a bona fide Formula 1 driver as he is about to win his sixth championship.12
15150436154braggadocioempty boasting or bragging ex: Eddy's braggadocio was exposed when he lost the game after boasting about being the greatest player.13
15150442755bucolicrural, peaceful, and serene ex: I love my bucolic neighborhood as it is so serene and peaceful.14
15150450959burgeonsprout; grow ex: As Tom's new company gains in popularity, his profits will likely burgeon as the increased attention causes the influx of cash to grow.15
15150454712chimerasomething hoped or wished for, but impossible to achieve; pipedream ex: Although Sam feels that he can become rich without putting in any work, this idea is a chimera as no such thing is possible.16
15150471170circuitoustwisting and turning; indirect ex: It was difficult to find a direct meaning in the circuitous text as the plot was constantly twisting and turning.17
15150474300codifyto organize into a system of rules, codes, or principles ex: The new bill was passed and codified into law as it was incorporated into the Bill of Rights.18
15150480733cogentpresented in a reasoned, well-thought-out manner ex: Her cogent presentation made it clear that her proposal was well thought out and reasonable.19
15150485607colloquialinformal; conversational ex: Our language can best be described as colloquial due to its informal and conversational nature.20
15150490538commodiousspacious ex: The commodious home had plenty of room to house their growing family.21
15150493806comportbehave; conduct oneself ex: Alex comports herself in a very mature manner as shown by her behavior an mannerisms.22
15150505466contiguousadjacent; sharing a common border ex: In the contiguous condominiums, it can often be easy to hear people next-door as adjacent walls are shared between neighbors.23
15150511451conundrumdifficult problem or situation ex: Mary felt that her life had turned into one massive conundrum as she was caught in many difficult situations.24
15637014831alliterationthe occurrence in a phrase or a line of speech or writing of two or more words having the same initial consonant sound ex: Many tongue twisters are made up of alliteration as the repeating initial consonant sound makes them hard to enunciate.25
15685983356allusionan implied or indirect reference to something assumed to be known, such as a historical event or person, a well-known quotation from literature, an event or person from the Bible, a famous work of art, or a reference to pop culture ex: The author alluded to the story of David and Goliath to emphasize her point as she made an indirect reference to the Biblical story.26
15686033185amplifyto make larger, more powerful, or more prominent by adding more illustrations or examples ex: Authors tend to amplify the legitimacy of their arguments by supporting it with more prominent, well-known examples and sources.27
15686054728analogya similarity in some respects between things otherwise dissimilar ex: The author analogized the roots of a tree to travel experiences as she highlighted commonalities in the two seemingly unrelated topics.28
15686079041assertiona statement that a writer intends to prove through the use of textual evidence ex: The student asserted their own claim in their thesis as they prepared to back up the statement with multiple textual examples.29
15686096216characterizeto describe the distinguishing qualities, traits, or features of a person or a place ex: The author used the second paragraph to focus on the characterization of Lucy as she described her traits in great detail for the reader.30
15686122092conveyto communicate or make known ex: The author conveyed multiple important messages as she made her stance on the issues known in her writing.31
15686140711deductivedrawing a conclusion based on knowledge ex: Doctors use their deductive reasoning to draw conclusions when faced with a puzzling set of symptoms.32
15686166248definitiveprecisely defining or outlining ex: The interviewer asked the candidate to make definitive statements so that she could understand the precise meaning of what the candidate was stating.33
15686192698depictionrepresentation ex: Ben's outburst was not an accurate depiction of his character as it was a false representation of his true nature.34
15686210914dubiousnot yet determined, uncertain, doubtful ex: The investigator's dubious findings were all based in speculation and had not yet been proven true.35
15686235868elicitto bring out; draw forth; evoke ex: Therapists have the talent of eliciting emotions from their patients as they can often work to evoke their repressed sentiments.36
15686253407erraticwithout a fixed our regular course; straying; wandering ex: Sarah's erratic driving made her an unsafe driver as she swerved across the road and drifted into oncoming traffic.37
15686273436expositoryexplanatory ex: Bob's expository piece on human nature was highly informative and did a great job of explaining the subject at hand.38
15686287746hypothesizeto assert a premise or proposition ex: Scientists hypothesize the outcome of their experiments before conduction their trials as they make a proposition based upon the research that they have studied.39
15686314892implyto say or express indirectly ex: Sarah's tone implied her annoyance with the situation as she indirectly expressed her emotions.40
15686334391juxtapositiona device in which normally unassociated ideas, words, or phrases are placed next to each other, often creating an effect of surprise and wit ex: Sam found the juxtaposition in the name saltwater taffy interesting as the opposing salty and sweet flavors were a surprising combination.41
15686432275metaphoran implied comparison ex: The presenter used a metaphor in her speech as she called the award recipient a "ray of light to her community."42
15686471003onomatonpoeiaa word that sounds like its referent ex: Poets often employ onomatopoeia in their writing by including words that sound exactly like their pronunciation.43
15687598092parallelismthe use of corresponding syntactical forms ex: Dr. MLK Jr. uses parallelism in his "I Have A Dream Speech" with his use of corresponding syntactical forms.44
15687629758paradoxa seemingly contradictory statement that may nonetheless be true ex: America's prosperity as a result of the devastation of WWI can be seen as a paradox as it seems contradictory that good can come out of bad situation.45
15687698957parodya literary or artistic work that mocks the original ex: People often post parodies of celebrity music videos to mock their performance.46
15687711864personificationa rhetorical figure of speech in which abstractions or inanimate objects are endowed with human qualities or are represented as having human form ex: The author personified the tree as she claimed that it "danced in the wind."47
15687769094qualifyto describe by enumerating the characteristics, boundaries, or qualities of a subject ex: I qualified the author's argument in my paper by explaining the conditions under which I concur with his findings.48
15687824225rebuttalshowing the opposite argument to be weak or strong ex: In my rebuttal, I called the weak points of the opposing viewpoint49
15687873740speculativecharacterized by hypothesis and guesswork ex: Harry's speculative nature causes him to base his views upon conjecture and guesswork.50
15688022127tentativeuncertain; experimental ex: The friends made tentative plans for the date upon which they wanted to hang out until they could be certain in their decision.51
15688042374undercutto anticipate and pre-empt the effectiveness of something ex: Her childish conduct undercut her reliability during the interview as it limited the interviewer's sense of her suitability for the job.52
15688127804understatementan intentional lack of emphasis to create irony ex: Stacey's referral to the mansion as a humble abode was a gross understatement.53

Module 2 - AP Psychology Flashcards

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14736974710Nature vs. Nurturename for a controversy in which it is debated whether genetics or environment is responsible for driving behavior0
14736978900Natural Selectiona process in which individuals that have certain inherited traits tend to survive and reproduce at higher rates than other individuals because of those traits1
14737008724Charles Darwin- English natural scientist - formulated a theory of evolution by natural selection2
14737013840Biopsychosocial Approachintegrated approach that incorporates biological, psychological, and social-cultural levels of analysis3
14737078782Behavioral ApproachAn approach to psychology emphasizing the scientific study of observable behavioral responses prompted by the environment4
14737229805Biological Approach- how the body and brain enable emotions, memories, and sensory experiences - how genes combine with environment to influence individual differences5
14737236319Cognitive Approachhow we encode, process, store, and retrieve information6
14737238910Evolutionary Approachhow the natural selection of traits promoted the survival of genes7
14737241332Humanistic Approachhow we meet our needs for love and acceptance and achieve self-fulfillment8
14737246051Psychodynamic Approachhow behavior springs from unconscious drives and conflicts9
14737282599Social-Cultural Approachhow behavior and thinking vary across situations and cultures10
14737286308Cognitive Psychologythe scientific study of all the mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remembering, and communicating11
14737289172Evolutionary Psychologythe study of the evolution of behavior and the mind, using principles of natural selection12
14737292958Psychodynamic Psychologystudies how unconscious drives and conflicts influence behavior, and uses that information to treat people with psychological disorders13
14737297901Social Psychologythe scientific study of how we think about, influence, and relate to one another14
14737309550Social-Cultural Psychologythe study of how situations and cultures affect our behavior and thinking15
14737315420Psychometric Psychologythe scientific study of the measurement of human abilities, attitudes, and traits16
14737317324Basic Researchpure science that aims to increase the scientific knowledge base17
14737320921Developmental Psychologystudies physical, cognitive, and social change throughout the life span18
14737323482Educational Psychologythe study of how psychological processes affect and can enhance teaching and learning19
14737327041Applied Researchscientific study that aims to solve practical problems20
14737330733Industrial-Organizational (I/O) psychologythe application of psychological concepts and methods to optimizing human behavior in the workplace21
14737335907Human Factors Psychologysubfield of i/o of psychology that explores how people and machines interact and how machines and physical environments can be made safe and easy to use22
14737349090Counseling Psychologybranch of psychology that assists people with problems in living (often related to school, work, or marriage) and in achieving greater well-being23
14737351094Clinical Psychologya branch of psychology that studies, assesses, and treats people with psychological disorders24
14737354754Psychiatrypysicians provide medical treatments/sometimes give psychologicial therapy25
14737364712Positive Psychologystudy of human functioning, with the goals of discovering and promoting strengths and virtues that help individuals and communities to thrive26
14737366816Community Psychologystudies how people interact with their social environments and how social institutions affect individuals and groups27

AP Economics Flashcards

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14176023689EconomicsThe study of production, consumption, and transfer of wealth Ex: The study of the stock market0
14176023690Opportunity CostThe loss of potential gain from an alternative decision Ex: If you spend your time watching a movie instead of studying, the opportunity cost is the good grade that you could've got from studying1
14176023691Marginal AnalysisThe identification of both benefits and costs of everyday decisions to maximize profit Ex: A farm might use marginal analysis to determine the potential benefits of an increase in crop production2
14176023692MacroeconomicsLarger-scale economics concerned with the nation as a whole Ex: Unemployment3
14176023693MicroeconomicsSmaller-scale economics concerned with individuals, groups, and companies Ex: Supply and Demand4
14176023694Positive EconomicsPart of economics that is objective and fact-based Ex: "The debt has increased in the United States"5
14176023695Normative EconomicsPart of economics that is subjective and value-based Ex: "The price of eggs should be $5 a dozen to help farmers with their living needs and to maintain their farms"6
14176023696ScarcityUnlimited human wants with limited resources available Ex: Overhunting of a species can lead to the scarcity of those animals7
14176023697Economic ResourcesGoods/Services available to individuals to produce the products they desire Ex: Labor (Human Resources)8
14176023698LandNatural Resources Ex: Oil9
14176023699LaborHuman Resources Ex: Factory Worker10
14176023700CapitalGoods used to produce products or services Ex: Machines11
14176023701Entrepreneurial AbilityThe human resource that combines the other resources to produce a product, innovates, and bear risks Ex: Mark Zuckerberg had the entrepreneurial ability to create Facebook12
14176023702Consumer GoodsProducts produced for the consumption by the consumer Ex: Clothing13
14176023703Capital GoodsGoods that are utilized for the production of other goods Ex: Machines14
14176023704Production Possibilities CurveCurve that showcases the maximum possible output of two goods or services Ex: A farmer needs to reduce the amount of crops and they may use the product possibilities curve to determine the best possible combination of crops to grow15
14176023705Law of Increasing Opportunity CostLaw that states that if production increases the opportunity cost of additional units also increases Ex: More pizzas means fewer industrial robots. The number of units of industrial robots that must be given up to obtain another unit of pizzas is the opportunity cost of that unit of pizzas16
14176023706CostsThe combination of gains and losses that come from a course of action Ex: Cost of Attending College17
14176023707Economic GrowthThe increase in the production of goods and services per head of the population over time Ex: The increase in resources, improvements, and advancements move the PPC outward and to the right, allowing the economy to have larger quantities of both types of goods18
14176023708Command EconomyEconomic system in which the government has control over economic decisions Ex: Cuban Economy19
14176023709Market EconomyEconomic system in which individuals and businesses guide economic decisions and pricing of goods Ex: United States Economy20
14176023710MarketLocation where buyers and sellers exchange goods/services Ex: The Internet21
14176023711SpecializationNation/Individual that focuses their productive efforts on a limited variety of goods Ex: Assembly Line22
14176023712Consumer SovereigntyThe system where the consumer's preference guides the output of products based on the goods/services that are purchased Ex: If consumers purchase diet soda, then companies will produce diet soda to go along with the consumer's preference23
14176023713Invisible HandMetaphorical market force in which individual self-interested actions benefit the economic society Ex: When an individual buys a latte and a muffin it benefits both the seller and the production market, and therefore the economic society24
14176023714Circular Flow DiagramModel that showcases the monetary transactions in an economy Ex: Households may supply resources to firms so that firms can make products that households need and consume25
14176023715Resource MarketMarket in which businesses can go and purchase resources to produce goods and services Ex: Labor needed by businesses to produce goods26
14176023716Product MarketMarket in which the produced goods and services are offered to consumers Ex: Macys27
14176023717DemandConsumer's desire for products or services Ex: When the price of a product goes down because of the decreased supply, the demand will then increase28
14176023718Law of DemandLaw that states that if the price of a good or service increases the demand for that good or service will decrease and vice versa Ex: When the coffee at Starbucks raises from $1.50 to $2, the quantity of coffee demanded by consumers will decrease29
14176023719Diminishing Marginal UtilityLaw that states that as a person increases the consumption of a product the marginal utility of each additional unit of that product decreases Ex: Buffets-Style Restaurants30
14176023720Income EffectChange in consumption based on the change in real income Ex: If an individual's income increases their desire for goods and services, also known as their consumption, increases31
14176023721Determinants of DemandThe factors that determine the quantity that is demanded of the individual Ex: Price of the Commodity32
14176023722Normal GoodsGoods for which demand increases when income increases Ex: Organic Groceries33
14176023723Inferior GoodsGoods for which demand decreases when income increases Ex: Cheaper Cars34
14176023724Substitute GoodGood with a positive cross elasticity of demand Ex: Oranges and Apples35
14176023725Complementary GoodGood with a negative cross elasticity of demand Ex: Peanut Butter and Jelly36
14176023726SupplyThe amount of goods or services available to the consumer Ex: When supply of a product goes up, the price goes down and the demand for that product increases37
14176023727Determinants of SupplyThe factors that determine the quantity of a product of service available Ex: Number of Sellers in the Market38
14176023728Equilibrium PriceThe market price in which the quantity of goods available is equal to the quantity of goods demanded Ex: Muffins are sold for $3 and 25 were demanded and then supplied, the EP is $339
14176023729Equilibrium QuantityThe quantity in which both the amount demanded and the amount supplied is equal Ex: Muffins are sold for $3 and 25 were demanded and then supplied, the EQ is 2540
14176023730SurplusMore supply than demand in the market Ex: Muffins were sold for $6 and only 5 were demanded when 50 were supplied, the surplus is 4541
14176023731ShortageMore demand than supply in the market Ex: Muffins were sold for $1 and 50 were demanded when only 5 were supplied, the shortage is 4542
14176023732Price FloorThe limit on how low a price can be charged for a product Ex: Minimum Wage Laws43
14176023733Price CeilingThe limit on how high a price can be charged for a product Ex: City-imposed limits for landlords on the price of apartment rents44
14176023734Productive EfficiencyLeast costly production methods to produce desired goods and services Ex: Society may produce corn at the lowest achievable per-unit cost with expending the least-valued combination of resources to produce that product45
14176023735Allocative EfficiencyResources that are utilized for the production of both goods and services Ex: Society may want diamonds to be utilized for jewelry rather than being crushed up and utilized as an additive to give concrete sparkle46
14176023736Total RevenueThe total receipts from sales of a given quantity of goods or services Ex: If a company sells 100 toys for $50 each, the total revenue is $5,00047
14176023737ExpendituresPayment for goods/services Ex: Property48
14176023738Economic ProfitEconomic difference between the output and the input Ex: If economic costs are $96,000 and revenue is $120,000 the economic profit would be $24,00049

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