Flashcards
Flashcards
AP Government Flashcards
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| 14637967588 | Conservative | Status Quo, less Gov. | 0 | |
| 14637967589 | Moderate | Mid-Ground | 1 | |
| 14637967590 | Liberal | Peaceful gradual change, reject violent revolution | 2 | |
| 14637967591 | Radical | Far Left, Resorts to extreme methods to bring about change. | 3 | |
| 14637967592 | Political Spectrum | Tool used to visually compare different political positions by placing them on one or more axis. |  | 4 |
| 14637967593 | Right | Less Gov intervention, Traditional Values | 5 | |
| 14637967594 | Left | More Gov Intervention, support change | 6 | |
| 14637967595 | Parliamentary Government | Executive are members of the legislative branch | 7 | |
| 14637967596 | Presidential Governemt | Separates Power between executive/legislative | 8 | |
| 14637967597 | Reactionary | Far right, Extreme methods | 9 | |
| 14637967598 | Representative Democracy | People represented through elected officials. | 10 | |
| 14637967599 | The State | Body of people living in a defined territory, having power to make and enforce law without the consent of any higher authority. | 11 | |
| 14637967600 | Monarchy | Power in the hands of royalty | 12 | |
| 14637967601 | Dictatorship | Ruled by a single leader not elected. | 13 | |
| 14637967602 | Military Dictatorship | Army is in control | 14 | |
| 14637967603 | Theocracy | Religious based Government | 15 | |
| 14637967604 | Public Policies | All things a government decides to do. | 16 | |
| 14637967605 | Conferred Power | Power which is agreed upon. | 17 | |
| 14637967606 | Four aspects of the State | 1. Population: must have people 2. Territory: recognized boundaries 3. Sovereignty: Having supreme and absolute authority in it's own territory 4. Government- Different forms | 18 | |
| 14637967607 | Evolutionary theory | Developed out of early familiy | 19 | |
| 14637967608 | Divine Right Theory | State created by God and those of royal birth have a divine right to rule. | 20 | |
| 14637967609 | Force Theory | A group claimed control and forced all other to submit. | 21 | |
| 14637967610 | Social or Political Contract theory | Peoples moral and/or political obligations are dependent on an agreement among them to form the society in which they live. *Law and political order are not natural, they are human creations. | 22 | |
| 14637967611 | Confederate | An alliance of independent states | 23 | |
| 14637967612 | Federal | Power is divided between a central gov't and several local gov't. | 24 | |
| 14637967613 | State of Nature | Survival of the Fittest | 25 | |
| 14637967614 | Unitary | All power belongs to one level of gov't | 26 | |
| 14637967615 | Government | An organization of people set up to protect the community and make rules. -Protects community -Makes laws -Keeps order | 27 | |
| 14637967616 | Politics | Activities relate to governance of a country or area | 28 | |
| 14637967617 | Democracy | Gov elected by the people. Determine either directly or through elected Reps. | 29 | |
| 14637967618 | Direct Democracy | People vote Directly on every issue | 30 | |
| 14637967619 | Democrats | Generally liberal because they support gov reg. of the economy. | 31 | |
| 14637967620 | Republicans | Generally Conservatives because they advocate a reduction in gov. | 32 | |
| 14637967621 | Current issues (Left) | Left: Pro Gun control, Pro Choice, No Censorship, Prisons should Rehabilitate, Pro-privacy, Equal funding for Education. | 33 | |
| 14637967622 | Current issues (Right) | Right: Anti-gun Control, Pro-life, Anti Flag burning, Prisons should punish, Prayer in schools, School vouchers. | 34 | |
| 14637967623 | Taxation (Left) | Acceptable, Gov have $ to fund programs benefiting society, % taxes preferred over flat rate, rich= more tax | 35 | |
| 14637967624 | Taxation (Right) | Taxes infringe on personal freedoms Taxes= bad for free market Taxes= Penalization those who are successful Taxes= Punish Profit Prefers flat tax | 36 | |
| 14637967625 | Business Regulation (Left) | Yes on gov. Reg Market no reliable to provide safe work conditions Gov. reg= protect workers+ consumers= Everyone= chance to succeed | 37 | |
| 14637967626 | Business Regulations (Right) | Business need free from gov. and supply and demand will guide Gov policies that affect products are bad Trickle down economics is the way to stimulate economy | 38 | |
| 14637967627 | Political Rights (Left) | Extend Civil Rights to minority groups, students, prisoners, homosexuals, and poor. Protect individual rights: Free speech, pro-choice, anti-capital punishment, and privacy. | 39 | |
| 14637967628 | Political Rights (Right) | Cent gov= diminish Issues dealt best on state and local level No change in family values ( usually christian centered) O.K to censor obscure ideas that shake Status Quo. | 40 | |
| 14637967629 | Distribution of wealth (Left) | Disparity between rich and poor no good, taxes= distribute wealth. Gov more involved in ed, Health care, Child C., and Elderly. Pub Project= Stimulate economy | 41 | |
| 14637967630 | Distribution of wealth (Right) | Business= right to make profit People are rich or poor b/c of choices they make Prosperous people should no be penalized. | 42 | |
| 14637967631 | Economy (Left) | Minimum wage standards Public projects= more jobs Gov provide basic living standards of living to all citizens | 43 | |
| 14637967632 | Economy (Right) | Economy works best in free market (Laissez- Faire) Forces of the market= trusted to meet needs of business, consumer, and workers. Gov. programs should not compete with private industry. | 44 | |
| 14637967633 | Foreign Affairs (Left) | Spread Democracy + Protect human rights in the world Strong Support of UN. | 45 | |
| 14637967634 | Foreign Affairs (Right) | Gov role= pro us business and econ. intervention in other countries. Fix us before we fix others Support tariffs (tax on imports) | 46 | |
| 14637967635 | SCOPE OF THE GOVERNMENT (Left) | The government should serve as the equalizers in society and establish a basic standard of living, a minimum wage is an acceptable tool of government intervention. The left accepts government control and regulation of business and an active government that protects political rights. | 47 | |
| 14637967636 | SCOPE OF THE GOVERNMENT (Right) | Government should be downsized. Large governments, both federal and state, have the power to control business interests and therefore potentially infringe on the freedoms of individuals. Government programs tend to provide unnecessary services that go beyond the scope of the constitution. | 48 | |
| 14637967637 | Two- Party System | A system where two major political parties dominate politics within a government | 49 | |
| 14637967638 | Third party | Any political party that is not one of the two major parties in a two-party system | 50 | |
| 14637967639 | Plank | Each issue included in a political party's platform. Gives the candidates a clear political position with which they can campaign. They give voters a sense of what the candidates believe in, the issues they think are important, and how - if elected - they will address them. | 51 | |
| 14637967640 | Becoming President | Step 1: Formation of a Presidential Exploratory Committee Step 2: Announcement of intention to run for president based on findings of the exploratory committee Step 3: Fundraising and gathering of support and endorsements from the general public as well as other politicians, special interest groups, corporations, etc. Step 4: Campaigning early, especially in states where primaries are important (Iowa, New Hampshire, candidates home state, etc.) Step 5: Continuing to campaign to beat out all other opponents from within your own party Step 6: Attending your party's National Convention and securing the nomination of the party Step 7: Campaigning nationwide against your opponents from other parties Step 8: Winning election and securing enough electoral college votes to be named the next president | 52 | |
| 14637967641 | Three main concepts of Government brought by English Colonists | The need for an ordered social system, or government. The idea of limited government, that is, that government should not be all-powerful. The concept of representative government—a government that serves the will of the people. | 53 | |
| 14637967642 | Royal Colonies | Ruled directly by the English monarchy. | 54 | |
| 14637967643 | Proprietary colonies. | Land given to the colonist by the Monarchy | 55 | |
| 14637967644 | Charter Colonists | Self-governed, and their charters were granted to the colonists. | 56 | |
| 14637967645 | Confederation | A joining of several groups for a common purpose | 57 | |
| 14637967646 | The Albany Plan | In 1754, Benjamin Franklin proposed the Albany Plan, an annual congress of delegates (representatives) from each of the 13 colonies would be formed. | 58 | |
| 14637967647 | Stamp Act Congress | In 1765, a group of colonies sent delegates to the Stamp Act Congress in New York. These delegates prepared the Declaration of Rights and Grievances against British policies and sent it to the king. | 59 | |
| 14637967648 | First Continental Congress | The colonists sent a Declaration of Rights to King George III. The delegates urged each of the colonies to refuse all trade with England until British tax and trade regulations were repealed, or recalled. | 60 | |
| 14637967649 | Second Continental Congress | In 1775, each of the 13 colonies sent representatives to this gathering in Philadelphia. The Second Continental Congress served as the first government of the United States from 1776 to 1781. | 61 | |
| 14637967650 | Declaration of Independence | July 4, 1776, the Second Continental Congress adopted the Declaration of Independence. Between 1776 and 1777, most of the States adopted constitutions instead of charters. | 62 | |
| 14637967651 | Common Features of State Constitutions | Popular Sovereignty Limited Government Civil Rights and Liberties Separation of Powers and Checks and Balances | 63 | |
| 14637967652 | Popular Sovereignty | The principle of popular sovereignty was the basis for every new State constitution. That principle says that government can exist and function only with the consent of the governed. The people hold power and the people are sovereign. | 64 | |
| 14637967653 | Limited Government | The concept of limited government was a major feature of each State constitution. The powers delegated to government were granted reluctantly and hedged with many restrictions. | 65 | |
| 14637967654 | Civil Rights and Liberties | In every State it was made clear that the sovereign people held certain rights that the government must respect at all times. Seven of the new constitutions contained a bill of rights, setting out the "unalienable rights" held by the people. | 66 | |
| 14637967655 | Separation of Powers and Checks and Balances | The powers granted to the new State governments were purposely divided among three branches: executive, legislative, and judicial. Each branch was given powers with which to check (restrain the actions of) the other branches of the government. | 67 | |
| 14637967656 | Articles of Confederation (AC) | Approved November 15, 1777 Est. "a firm league of friendship" between the states Needed the ratification of the 13 states March 1, 1781 Second Continental Congress declared the Articles effective | 68 | |
| 14637967657 | Structure of Constitution | 3 parts; the preamble, the articles(7), and the amendments | 69 | |
| 14637967658 | The Preamble | intro, explains purpose of Constitution and purpose of govt | 70 | |
| 14637967659 | Article I | establishes legislative branch | 71 | |
| 14637967660 | Article II | creates an executive branch to carry out laws created by Congress | 72 | |
| 14637967661 | Article III | creates judicial branch | 73 | |
| 14637967662 | Article IV | explains the relationship of the states to one another and to the national govt | 74 | |
| 14637967663 | Article V | spells out the ways the Constitution can be amended | 75 | |
| 14637967664 | Article VI | contains the supremacy clause, establishing that federal law shall be the supreme law of the land | 76 | |
| 14637967665 | Article VII | addresses ratification and says that 9 states are needed to ratify the Constitution | 77 | |
| 14637967666 | Connecticut Compromise | Two houses Senate - equal representation House - proportional representation based on population Combination of Virginia and New Jersey plans | 78 | |
| 14637967667 | 6 Major Principles of Constitution | 1. Popular sovereignty- rule by people 2. Federalism- power is divided between national and state govts 3. Separation of powers- limits the central govt by dividing power among the legislative, executive, and judicial branches 4. checks and balances- each branch of govt exercises some control over the others | 79 | |
| 14637967668 | Electoral College | a compromise, combining features of both congressional selection and direct popular election | 80 | |
| 14637967669 | Electors | individuals selected in each state to officially cast that state's electoral votes; Wisconsin selects 10 electors | 81 | |
| 14637967670 | Popular Vote | the popular vote winner may not win the electoral college; for example: small-state bias caused by each state getting at least three electoral votes regardless of its size | 82 | |
| 14637967671 | The Virginia Plan | -Three Separate branches of government: Legislature, Executive, and Judicial -Bicameral legislature (2 parts) -Based on population or the amount of money given to support the central government -Members of House of Reps = based on population -Senate = chosen by House from a list from the State Legislature -Congress would be given powers it had under the Articles of Confederation -Any State law that conflicted with National Law would be vetoed -"National Executive" and "National Judiciary" -Council of Revision -Veto acts passed by Congress (but can be overridden by Congress) -State officers should take an Oath to the Union -Admission process for new States | 83 | |
| 14637967672 | New Jersey Plan | -Unicameral (one body) Congress of the Confederation -Each state equally represented -Give them limited and closely monitored powers -Tax and regulate trade -Federal Executive -More than one person -Chosen by Congress/could be removed with a majority vote -Federal Judiciary -Single "supreme Tribunal" -Selected by the Executive Branch | 84 | |
| 14637967673 | Three-Fifths Compromise | All "free persons" will be counted; 3/5 of all other persons Southerners could count slaves but had to pay taxes on them | 85 | |
| 14637967674 | judicial review | power of courts to say that laws and actions of govt are invalid bc they conflict w the constitution's principles | 86 | |
| 14637967675 | The Commerce and Slave Trade Compromises | Congress has the power to regulate foreign and interstate trade -Scared southerners because of slave trade -States cannot enact import/export taxes only federal government can -Could not act on the slave trade for 20 years | 87 | |
| 14637967676 | AC (Power of congress) | Make war and peace Send and receive ambassadors Make treaties Borrow money Set up a money system Est. post offices Build a navy Raise an army by asking the states for troops Fix uniform standards of weights and measures Settle disputes among the states | 88 | |
| 14637967677 | James Madison | James Madison was the co-author of the Articles of Confederation. Kept detailed records of the convention Conventions Floor leader Contributed more to the constitution than any other | 89 | |
| 14637967678 | Constitutional Convention | Mid-February of 1787 meeting of all thirteen States, which eventually became the Constitutional Convention in Philadelphia. | 90 | |
| 14637967679 | AC (States Obligations) | Pledge to obey the Articles and Acts of the Congress Provide the funds and troops requested by the congress Treat citizens of other states fairly and equally Give full faith and credit to public acts, records, and judicial proceedings Submit disputes to congress for settlement Allow open travel and trade b/w and among states Primarily responsible for protecting life and property Accountable for promoting the general welfare of the people. | 91 | |
| 14637967680 | Weaknesses of the Articles | -One vote for each state, regardless of size. -Congress powerless to lay and collect taxes, and regulate foreign and interstate commerce. -No executive to enforce acts of congress. -No national court system. Amendment only with consent of all states. -Amendment only with consent of all State. -A 9/13 majority required to pass laws. -Articles only a "firm league of friendship" | 92 | |
| 14637967681 | Lobbying | efforts by individuals or groups to influence governmental decision makers Types of lobbying; -full-time employee -temporary employee -often former legislatives | 93 | |
| 14637967682 | Inside lobbying | appeals directly to lawmakers and their staff -through meetings -by providing research and info -by testifying at committee hearings | 94 | |
| 14637967683 | Outside lobbying | attempt to influence decision makers indirectly, by influencing the public -try to build public support -increase conflict about an issue -lobby other groups and try to form alliances tactics: direct contact, direct mail, and media advertisements | 95 | |
| 14637967684 | Electioneering | -efforts to help candidates financially -efforts to help candidates gain voter support | 96 | |
| 14637967685 | Litigation | testifying to influence public policy | 97 | |
| 14637967686 | Types of Interest Groups | -economic interests -environmental interests -equality interests -consumer and other public interest lobbies | 98 | |
| 14637967687 | Economic Interests | trade associations; - organized commercial groups, farm organizations - corporations; form own interest groups, hire lobbyists - labor unions, professional associations | 99 | |
| 14637967688 | Environmental Interests | - sprang up since 1970 - profound policy impact bc of numbers, not money | 100 | |
| 14637967689 | PAC | Political Action Committees; raise and spend money to influence electoral outcomes | 101 | |
| 14637967690 | Equality Interests | 14th Amendment guarantees equality Minorities and Equality - social welfare policies Women | 102 | |
| 14637967691 | Consumer and Other Public Interest Lobbies | Represent broad classes of people or the public as a whole -consumer, voters, reformers, etc Public Interest Groups -policies that are in the public's interest Think tanks -conduct research -advocate a strong ideological viewpoint | 103 | |
| 14637967692 | How do interest groups shape public policy? | lobbying, electioneering, litigation, going public | 104 | |
| 14637967693 | Law making process | http://integrationsolutions.westlaw.com/gov/leghist/images/cap.gif | 105 | |
| 14637967694 | Presidential Roles | Chief of State - the ceremonial head of the government of the United States Chief Executive - given this title by the Constitution Chief Administrator - carry out the laws, head of the federal bureaucracy Chief Diplomat - main architect of America's foreign policy Commander in Chief - head of the nation's armed forces Chief Legislator - can push for laws to be passed Chief of Party - Leader of their political party | 106 | |
| 14637967695 | Presidential Qualifications | Must be a natural born citizen Be at least 35 years old Have lived in the U.S. for at least 14 years | 107 | |
| 14637967696 | Who takes over if pres. cannot | Vice President Speaker of the House President pro tempore Secretary of State | 108 | |
| 14637967697 | 22nd Amendment | set 2 term limit on | 109 | |
| 14637967698 | Presidential pay | $400,000 a year and $50,000 expense account | 110 | |
| 14637967699 | Presidential Benefits | Live in the White House (132 Rooms) Yacht, Automobiles, Air Force One Lifetime pension of $143,800 a year Camp David - Resort in Maryland | 111 | |
| 14637967700 | Presidential power | Power to appoint cabinet members, diplomats and ambassadors, judges Power to make treaties - formal agreement between two or more sovereign state Executive Agreement - pacts between the President and the heads of foreign states Recognition - President can acknowledge the legal existence of a country and its government | 112 | |
| 14637967701 | Presidential Legislative power | Recommend Legislation Veto Bills Can call for a special session of Congress | 113 | |
| 14637967702 | Presidential Judicial power | Reprieve - postponement of the execution of a sentence Pardon - legal forgiveness of a crime (only involving a federal offense) Commutation - reduce the length of a sentence or a fine Amnesty - a general pardon offered to a group of violators 1977 - Pardon to Vietnam War draft evaders | 114 | |
| 14637967703 | Main jobs of House and Senate | Make Laws Declare War Represent their Constituents | 115 | |
| 14637967704 | House Membership | 435 members (each state's delegation is determined by its population) | 116 | |
| 14637967705 | Senate Membership | 100 members (two per state) | 117 | |
| 14637967706 | House Qualifications | 25 years old U.S Citizens for 7 years Resident of State they're representing | 118 | |
| 14637967707 | Senate Qualifications | 30 years old U.S citizens for 9 years Resident of State they're representing | 119 | |
| 14637967708 | Terms limit for House | 2 years entire house elected every two years | 120 | |
| 14637967709 | Terms limit for Senate | 1/3 of Senate 2 years | 121 | |
| 14637967710 | "Leader" of House | Speaker of the House | 122 | |
| 14637967711 | "Leader" of Senate | Vice President | 123 | |
| 14637967712 | How House is elected | Directly voted by voter per district | 124 | |
| 14637967713 | How Senate is elected | Directly by the voters of a state | 125 | |
| 14637967714 | Reapportionment | Applies only to HOUSE redistribution of seats every 10 years states gain or lose seats based on their population growing or shrinking | 126 | |
| 14637967715 | Thomas Paine | Author of book "Common Sense" | 127 | |
| 14637967716 | Gerrymandering | an attempt by politicians to create unbalanced districts for their party's political gain | 128 | |
| 14637967717 | Special Powers of House | Brings impeachment charges May choose the President if there is no majority in the electoral system Must start all revenue bills | 129 | |
| 14637967718 | Special Powers of Senate | Acts as jury in impeachment trials (2/3 vote needed) May choose the Vice President if there is no majority in the electoral system Must ratify treaties with foreign nations by 2/3 vote Must approves Presidential appointments (majority needed) | 130 | |
| 14637967719 | What makes an interest group successful? | access, info, leadership skills, numerical strength, group unity, money | 131 | |
| 14637967720 | CBO | - strengthen Congress' role in the budgeting process | 132 | |
| 14637967721 | Pluralist Theory | - groups link ppl and govt - competition between interest groups is a central part of American democracy - different groups have strengths in different areas | 133 | |
| 14637967722 | Types of Committees | Standing committees - handle bills in different policy areas Select - may be temporary and permanent and usually have focused responsibility Joint Committees - draw their membership from both the Senate and the House Conference Committees - are formed when Senate and the house pass different versions of the same bill | 134 | |
| 14637967723 | Elite Theory | - reject the pluralists' assertion that competing groups balance power - believe unequal distribution of power in society ensures that interests of some groups will dominate others | 135 | |
| 14637967724 | Hyperpluralist Theory | - argue that pluralism in the US is out of control -results in govt that is very subservient to interest groups and tries to appease them all | 136 | |
| 14637967725 | 4 Models of Representations | delegate model - assumes that a representative's job is to convey the will of the majority of their constituents to the legislature trustee model - should take the majority view into account but use his or best judgment when voting or acting on behalf of constituents politico model -middle path between trustees and delegate model conscience model - should generally follow what the follow what the public says unless it goes against their deepest values | 137 | |
| 14637967726 | Agenda setting | bringing issues to the public's attention and placing them on the national agenda | 138 | |
| 14637967727 | GAO | Government Accountability Office - broad authority to oversee the operations and finances of executive agencies | 139 | |
| 14637967728 | GPOthec | Government Printing Office - distributes over 200,000 govt publications in U.S. govt bookstores throughout the nation | 140 | |
| 14637967729 | Types of gerrymandering | Partisan gerrymandering - drawing a district to favor one political party over others Incumbent gerrymandering - a state legislature is so closely divided that neither political party has an advantage Racial gerrymandering - drawing a district to favor one racial group over others Affirmative racial gerrymandering - creation of predominately African American and minority districts whenever possible | 141 | |
| 14637967730 | Free rider problem | barrier to collective action bc ppl can reap the benefits of group efforts without participating | 142 | |
| 14637967731 | Single-issue groups | groups that have a narrow interest, tend to dislike compromise, and often draw membership from people new to politics | 143 | |
| 14637967732 | CRS | Congressional Research Service - works for the U.S. Congress and provides nonpartisan an policy and research analysis to committees and members of both houses | 144 | |
| 14637967733 | Edmund Burke | contrasts with the idea of representatives as delegated who feel obligated to vote according to the views of the "folks back home" regardless of their own personal viewpoint | 145 | |
| 14637967734 | Caucus | a group of members of Congress sharing some interest or characteristic | 146 | |
| 14637967735 | House Rules Committee | the committee in the House of Representatives that reviews most bills coming from a House committee before they go to the full House | 147 | |
| 14637967736 | Companion legislation | similar or identical legislation which is introduced in Senate and House | 148 | |
| 14637967737 | Omnibus legislation | large bills that often cover several topics and may contain extraneous, or pork-barrel projects | 149 | |
| 14637967738 | Who runs for congress? | People involved: Law Business Public service | 150 | |
| 14637967739 | legislative oversight | congress' monitoring of the bureaucracy and its administration of policy, performed mainly through hearings | 151 | |
| 14637967740 | power of the purse | congressional exclusive power to authorize expenditures by all avenues of the federal govt | 152 | |
| 14637967741 | advice and consent | advice and consent and confirmation of presidential appointments and treaties | 153 | |
| 14637967742 | Seniority system | governs most committee assignments and movement into committee leadership positions | 154 | |
| 14637967743 | Pork barrel | federal projects, grants, and contracts available to state and local govts, businesses, colleges, and other institutions | 155 | |
| 14637967744 | congressional casework | activities of members of Congress that help constituents as individuals, particularly by cutting through bureaucratic red tape to get ppl what they think they have a right to get | 156 | |
| 14637967745 | partisan polarization | a vote in which a majority of democratic legislators oppose a majority of republican legislators | 157 | |
| 14637967746 | incumbent advantages | advertising - gather info through technological sources-thus having the incumbents' personal interests credit claiming - enhancing their standing w constituents through service to individuals and the district weak opponents -no name recognition campaign spending - the candidate who spends the most money tends to win misinformed voters | 158 | |
| 14637967747 | federalist | a person who advocates or supports a system of government in which several states unite under a central authority | 159 | |
| 14637967748 | anti-federalist | somebody who opposed the U.S. Constitution when it was being drawn up | 160 | |
| 14637967749 | filibuster | any member can speak for as long as he or she wants on any given use | 161 | |
| 14637967750 | Amendment 1 freedoms | Freedom of Religion, freedom of speech, Freedom of expression, Freedom of the Press, and Freedom of Assembly. | 162 | |
| 14637967751 | bill of rights | the first ten amendments to the US Constitution | 163 |
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Ap Spanish V Literature- literary terms Flashcards
Terms : Hide Images
| 10024746664 | Acotación | Def: anotaciones alrededor del pasaje o al margen del trabajo. |  | 0 |
| 10024746665 | Aféresis | Def: eliminación de algunos sonidos al principio en palabras Ej: está bién - ta'bien | 1 | |
| 10024746666 | Agudo | Def: acento agudo o sílaba tónica: acento en la última sílaba. Ej: Telón |  | 2 |
| 10024746667 | Alegoría | Def: metáfora continuada a lo largo de una composición o de una parte de ella. Ej: Alegoría de la fe → "la fe es, intentar escalar una cuesta empinada y rocosa: sólo un mero tropiezo podría hacerte caer rodando, pero la creencia y la perseverancia te verán en la cima." |  | 3 |
| 10024746668 | Alejandrino | Def: verso de 14 sílabas o más, dividido por un hemistquio de 7 sílabas cada uno. También conocido como verso de arte mayor. Ej. Ayer Con tres genuflexiones los teuclis abordaron el trono; cada teucli llevaba su tesoro: Señor, mi Señor, luego gran Señor, exclamaron, y fuéronse, agitándose las arracadas de oro. de: Amado Nervo | 4 | |
| 10024746669 | Aliteración | Def: repetición del mismo sonido o grupo de sonidos Ex: la celosa señora se suicidó | 5 | |
| 10024746670 | Ambigüedad | Def: Una declaración que contiene más de un significado, y que se puede interpretar de maneras diferentes. Ex: libra como medida, Libra como signo astrológico o libra como verbo librar. | 6 | |
| 10024746671 | Americanismo | Def: gramática de procedencia indígena americana o propios del español hablado en América Latina y empleados en otra lengua Ex: aguacate (Náhuatl awakatl) | 7 | |
| 10024746672 | Anacronía | Def:cualquier alteración a la cronología del discurso del tiempo. Ex: Anacronismos son: retroseso al pasado o anticiparse al futuro estando en tiempo presente. | 8 | |
| 10024746673 | Anadiplosis | Def:Repetición de una misma palabra o grupo sintáctico al final de un verso y al comienzo del siguiente. Ex: A veces pienso en ti incluso vestida, vestida de mujer para la noche, la noche que cambió tanto mi vida; mi vida, deja que te desabroche... | 9 | |
| 10024746674 | Anáfora | Def: repetición de palabras en una serie de versos o enunciados. EX. Temprano levantó la muerte el vuelo, temprano madrugó la madrugada, temprano estás rodando por el suelo... | 10 | |
| 10024746675 | Anagnórisis | Def: Momento en que el personaje descubre un hecho importante o entiende algo de sí mismo, la naturaleza humana o su situación. Ex. descubrir y reconocer su identidad, la identidad de un tercero o un reencuentro con otro después de mucho tiempo. Moment of Truth Darth Vader | 11 | |
| 10024746676 | Analepsis | Def: (escena retrospectiva)vuelta repentina y rápida al pasado del personaje. el Flashback Ex. How I met your Mother | 12 | |
| 10024746677 | Analogía | Def: relación de semejanza entre dos cosas distintas. Ex. agua es a mar como arena es a desierto. tiempo es a reloj como tempertura a termómetro; martillo es a carpintero como pistola es a policía. | 13 | |
| 10024746678 | Anglicismo | Def: son préstamos lingüísticos del idioma inglés hacia otro idioma. Ex. chatear; clubes; clipes, etc. | 14 | |
| 10024746679 | Antagonista | Def : la persona opesta o contraria al protagonista. Ex: rival; enemigo/a | 15 | |
| 10024746680 | Antanaclasis | Def: (equívoco) repeticón de la misma palabra pero con significado diferente en contextos diferentes. Ex: 1.- No simpre es rosa la rosa. 2.- La muy lista me dio una lista de deberes y obligaciones. | 16 | |
| 10024746681 | Anticlímax | Def: momento que desciende la tensión después del clímax. Pertenece al grupo de Gradación. Ex. "Una hora, un minuto, un instante ..." | 17 | |
| 10024746682 | Antífrasis | Def: uso de una palabra en el sentido opuesto apropiado, especialmente para hacer un efecto irónico. Ex. Llamar peludo a un calvo llamar calvo a un peludo llamar fuerte a un débil llamar inteligente a un ignorante | 18 | |
| 10024746683 | Antihéroe | Def: personaje principal de una obra que exhibe características contrarias a las de un héroe. Ex. Lazarillo de Tormes | 19 | |
| 10024746684 | antipoesía | Def: movimiento del arte literario que intenta romper con las convenciones normales de la poesía tradicional. Los primeros defensores de la antipoesía incluyen Nicanor Parra y Elías Petropoulos. | 20 | |
| 10024746685 | antítesis | Def: expresión de ideas contradictorias en la misma oración. Ex: Un pequeño paso para un hombre pero un gran paso para la humanidad. | 21 | |
| 10024746686 | antonomasia | Def: uso de un sobrenombre en lugar del nombre. Ej: París= a glamur; píldora anticonceptiva= no embarazo | 22 | |
| 10024746687 | antonomía | Def: sustituye un nombre propio por el apelativo o viceversa. Ej: Caín por un hombre cruel y asesino | 23 | |
| 10024746688 | Aparte | Def: técnica empleada en el teatro cuando un personaje comunica al público información que los demás personajes de la obra no deben saber. | 24 | |
| 10024746689 | Apócope | Def: supresión de letras al final de un vocablo. Ej: algún por alguno; gran por grande | 25 | |
| 10024746690 | Apólogo | Def: relato medieval con intención didáctica y con moraleja final. Fábula con moraleja. Ej: El Conde Lucanor | 26 | |
| 10024746691 | Apóstrofe | Def: Recurso que se comete cuando se corta el discurso para dirigir la palabra con vehemencia presente o ausente. | 27 | |
| 10024746692 | Arcaismo | Def: Voz, palabra o frase anticuada. Ej: agora por ahora; dendenantes por desde antes. | 28 | |
| 10024746693 | Verso de Arte Mayor | Def: Versos de más de ocho sílabas. Ej: "Frontera de lo puro, flor y fría. Tu blancor de seis filos, complemento, en el principal mundo, de tu aliento, en un mundo resume un mediodía. Autor: Miguel Hernández | 29 | |
| 10024746694 | Verso de Arte Menor | Def: Versos de 8 sílabas o menos. Ej: "Pintada, no vacía: pintada está mi casa del color de las grandes pasiones y desgracias Autor: Miguel Hernández | 30 | |
| 10024746695 | Asíndeton | Def: Omisión de conjunciones o nexos. Ej: Veni, vidi, vici = Vine, vi, vencí autor: Julio César | 31 | |
| 10024746696 | Rima asonante/parcial o imperfecta | Def: sólo las vocales del final riman. Ej: Al llegar la medianoche y romper en llanto el Niño, y el establo se hizo vivo... | 32 | |
| 10024746697 | Autor Implícito | Def: es el que va creando la historia y estructurándola, empieza concibiendo una historia o fábula, que es la historia completa y cronológica de lo que se va a narrar. | 33 | |
| 10024746698 | Autorreferencia | Def: se refiere a su propia obra dentro de la misma obra. Se emplea el prefijo "meta" , que en griego significa "mismo" Ej: metapoema, es un poema que expresa ideas sobre lo que es poesía: Metadrama; metalngüística; metaliteratura | 34 | |
| 10024746699 | Barbarismo | Def: Uso incorrecto de la palabra. Ej: aiga = haya trajistes = trajiste cafeses = cafés estógamo = estómago | 35 | |
| 10024746700 | Barroco | Def: Término para describir el arte.: (literario, plástico, músico, etc.) como exuberante, exagerado, recargado de adornos. Ej: Soneto: A una nariz Érase un hombre a una nariz pegado, érase una nariz superlativa, érase una nariz sayón y escriba érase un pez espada muy barbado. Autor: Quevedo | 36 | |
| 10024746701 | Beatus ille | Def: Un tópico de origen latino cuya traducción literal al español es "dichoso/feliz aquel" alabanza a la vida de campo, alejada de la sociedad. Ej: Dichoso aquél que vive, lejos de los negocios como la antigua grey de los mortales; y, con sus propios bueyes, labra el campo paterno, libre del interés y la usura. No le despierta el fiero toque de la trompeta, ni le aterra la mar embravecida; y esquiva el foro público, y el umbral altanero de las aristocráticas mansiones. | 37 | |
| 10024746702 | Bildungsroman | DEf:un cuento que trata del crecimiento de un niño a un hombre, usualmente con la ayuda de una figura más vieja Ej: The Truman Show | 38 | |
| 10024746703 | Boom | Def:término con el que se designa el éxito comercial y de crítica de la narrativa de un grupo de escritores latinoamericanos durante las décadas de 1960 y 1970 | 39 | |
| 10024746704 | Caballeria | Def: Tipo de narración que cuenta las aventuras de un caballero. Surgió en el siglos XVI y XVII. Estas novelas tenían como tema las leyendas de la corte del rey Arturo, se Carlomango, y las Cruzadas. Sentimentalizaban a los héroes e introducían motivos amorosos y elementos sobrenaturales en el mudno bélico provenientes de la épica y los cantares de gesta. | 40 | |
| 10024746705 | Cacofonia | Def: se produce por una repetición de fonemas o la pronunciación de una palabra que al unirse a otras en una misma frase resultan chocantes. | 41 | |
| 10024746706 | Carpe Diem | Def: "Goza del día." Invitación a disfrutar del presente sin preocuparse del futuro. Este tópico aparece con frecuencia en combinación con el tema de la fugacidad de la vida y la inevitabilidad de la muerte. La expresión carpe diem aparece por primera vez en el poeta latino Horacio. | 42 | |
| 10024746707 | Catarsis | Def: purificación por la que pasa el espectador de una tragedia por medio del miedo o la compasión. | 43 | |
| 10024746708 | Cesura | Def: Pausa, sobre todo en los versos de arte mayor, que se produce en el interior del verso y lo divide en dos hemistiquios. | 44 | |
| 10024746709 | Circunlocucion | Def: cuando habla indirectamente sobre algo porque no sabe como se dice en una manera directa | 45 | |
| 10024746710 | Clasicismo | Def: formas de expresión que tienen su origen en la literatura grecoromana, sigue reglas fijas y temas preestablecidos | 46 | |
| 10024746711 | Clerecia | Def: Son las escrituras religiosa de los monjes, con fine didacticos | 47 | |
| 10024746712 | Climax | Def: el punto de máxima tensión y constituye definitivamente en punto decisivo | 48 | |
| 10024746713 | Comedia | Def: Obra dramática en cuya acción predominan los aspectos placenteros, festivos o humorísticos y cuyo desenlace suele ser feliz. | 49 | |
| 10024746714 | Comentario de texto | Def: incluye muchos preceptos de los New Critics | 50 | |
| 10024746715 | Conceptismo | Def: Movimiento literario vinculado al Barroco español que se caracteriza por el uso de asociaciones rebuscadas, retruécanos, paradojas, agudeza de pensamiento y concisión en la expresión. | 51 | |
| 10024746716 | Consonancia | Def: la consonantes y las vocales riman |  | 52 |
| 10024746717 | Contrapunto | Def: un término musical que se usa para describir la unión de diferentes melodías o voces; en literatura se usa para aludir a un contraste explícito entre elementos independientes (dos tramas, dos relatos paralelos, dos versos, etc) | 53 | |
| 10024746718 | Contrarreforma | Def: la respuesta de la Iglesia católica dada a la reforma protestante de Martín Lutero, que había debilitado a la Iglesia. | 54 | |
| 10024746719 | Costumbrismo | Def: Atención al retrato de las costumbres típicas regionales o nacionales que se da en las obras literarias y pictóricas. | 55 | |
| 10024746720 | Criollismo | Def: Movimiento después del modernismo, fue una reacción. El criollismo le va a dar importancia a lo autóctono, a lo americano,(Fabio caseres, Horacio Quiroga y José estaquio Rivera) | 56 | |
| 10024746721 | Cronica | Def: Obra histórica en prosa que se estudia como un género narrativo. Consiste en un relato histórico en el cual se observa el orden cronológico de diversos períodos. Las crónicas suelen incluir hechos reales y ficticios. | 57 | |
| 10024746722 | Cuaderna Via | Def: Estrofa de cuatro versos alejandrinos (14 sílabas) con la misma rima: AAAA | 58 | |
| 10024746723 | Cuarteto | Def: es de 4 versos unidos | 59 | |
| 10024746724 | Cuento | Def: Narración breve, escrita en prosa | 60 | |
| 10024746725 | Culteranismo | Def: Movimiento literario dentro del Barroco de "Mientras por competir con tu cabello" | 61 | |
| 10024746726 | Cultismo | Def: Palabra que crea un efecto culto, elegante y educado. Pueden ser palabras nuevas (neologismos) o tomadas del latín (latinismos) | 62 | |
| 10024746727 | Decasílabo | Def: 10 silabas | 63 | |
| 10024746728 | Deconstruccion | Def: cuando los autores construyen sistemas de ideas para luego sistemáticamente deconstruirlos. | 64 | |
| 10024746729 | Desenlace | Def: Parte de una obra narrativa o teatral después del punto culminante o clímax en que se resuelven los hilos del argumento. | 65 | |
| 10024746730 | Destinatario | persona que recibe la carta comercial | 66 | |
| 10024746731 | Dialogismo | es la interacción de varias voces que se escuchan en un texto narrativo y que pueden presentar diferentes puntos de vista o diferentes registros | 67 | |
| 10024746732 | Diéresis | Pronunciacion en silabas distintas de dos vocales que normalmente forman diptongo | 68 | |
| 10024746733 | Discurso | Como se cuenta la historia (dialogo, tono) | 69 | |
| 10024746734 | Dodecasílabo | 12 silabas | 70 | |
| 10024746735 | Drama | tragedia y comedia (en sus orígenes griegos) > TEATRO | 71 | |
| 10024746736 | Edad Media | Los siglos entre la desintegracion de imperio romano y el renacimiento en el siglo XV | 72 | |
| 10024746737 | ElegÍa | Un tipo de poema cuyo motivo lírico es dolor y tristeza. tambien lamenta la muerte de una persona. | 73 | |
| 10024746738 | Elipsis | Omisión de elementos de una frase o idea, lo que le obliga al lector | 74 | |
| 10024746739 | Emblema | Cosa que representa o simboliza a otra. ( Representativo, simbólico o significativo) | 75 | |
| 10024746740 | Emisor | El que emite el mensaje | 76 | |
| 10024746741 | Encabalgamiento | La continuación de una idea o frase en el siguiente verso, cuando la pausa gramatical no coincide con el sentido. | 77 | |
| 10024746742 | Endecasílabo | 11 silabas | 78 | |
| 10024746743 | Epanadiplosis | Comienza y se acaba un verso con la misma palabra | 79 | |
| 10024746744 | Épica | poema larga que narra eventos historicos o legendarios | 80 | |
| 10024746745 | Epífora | consiste en la repetición de una o mas palabras al FINAL de enunciados consecutivos | 81 | |
| 10024746746 | Epíteto | es un adjetivo que solo enfatiza el sustantivo | 82 | |
| 10024746747 | Época Colonial | (S. XVI-XVIII) Se refiere a todo el período de que Hispanoamérica permanece bajo la dominación de España, o sea entre 1492 hasta las independencias, que se llevan a cabo principalmente en la década de 1810. | 83 | |
| 10024746748 | Época Medieval | (S. X-XV) Los siglos entre la desintegración del Imperio romano y el Renacimiento en el siglo XV. Las principales características de la literatura medieval son: La importancia de la transmisión oral, El carácter anónimo de sus autores,La finalidad didáctica o moralizante,y El uso del verso. | 84 | |
| 10024746749 | Epopeya | Poema narrativo que relata hecos historicos | 85 | |
| 10024746750 | Esdrújulo (verso) | que lleva el acento en la antepenultima | 86 | |
| 10024746751 | Estilo inderecto libre | dodnde el narrador cuenta en tercera persona el dialogo y los pensamientos de los personajes | 87 | |
| 10024746752 | Estribillo | verso o versos que se repiten de forma periódica en un poema, por lo general de arte menor, y que frecuentemente encierra la idea principal | 88 | |
| 10024746753 | Estrofa | una serie de versos unidos | 89 | |
| 10024746754 | Estructura externa | la estructura donde los actos constituyen una especie de interrupción que proporciona un descanso a los actores y a los espectadores | 90 | |
| 10024746755 | Estructura interna | Def: es el plan general concebido por el autor (puede ser una larga historia) | 91 | |
| 10024746756 | Estudios culturales | Def: un movimiento critico que enggloba muchas areas, pero que esencialmente intente analizar productos ... politicas, economicas, sociales, etc. | 92 | |
| 10024746757 | Estructuralismo | Def: Punto de vista de la psicología inclinado en gran medida a un punto de vista elementarista. Destacó el carácter estructural de la mente. | 93 | |
| 10024746758 | Etimología | Def: Es la rama de la lingüística que estudia el origen y la evolución de las palabras | 94 | |
| 10024746759 | Eufemismo | Sustituir una palabra o término por otra para apara evitar nombrar una palabra o concepto malsonante o desagradable. | 95 | |
| 10024746760 | Eufonía | Def: se emplean palabras de tono apacible | 96 | |
| 10024746761 | Existencialismo | Movimiento filosofico que funda el conocimoento de toda realidad sobre la experiencia de la existencia propia. | 97 | |
| 10024746762 | Exposición | Presentación de los elementos de la trama que luego se desarrolla en el argumento de una obra. Suele centrarse en los personajes y las causas de la acción. | 98 | |
| 10024746763 | Fabula | es la historia completa cronologia de lo que se va a narrar. | 99 | |
| 10024746764 | Feminismo | Protesta contra el machismo | 100 | |
| 10024746765 | Figuras auditivas | sonidos | 101 | |
| 10024746766 | Figuras de repitición | palabras que se repiten en el parrafo o en la oración | 102 | |
| 10024746767 | Filología | Estudia los textos y en ellas su estructura | 103 | |
| 10024746768 | Flash-back | método de presentar escenas o acontecimientos que ocurrieron antes del principio de la obra | 104 | |
| 10024746769 | Fluir de la conciencia | son las pensamientos mas intimos y hasta subconscientes de un personaje que se presentan en el discurso. | 105 | |
| 10024746770 | Focalizacion | es la información que el destinatario recibe por medio de los personajes, y estos dos focalizadores pueden transmitir información diferente o pueden colaborar | 106 | |
| 10024746771 | Fonética | estudio de los sonidos, su articulación y percepción, útil para aprender una legua extranjera | 107 | |
| 10024746772 | Fonologia | estudio del sistema de sonidos y sus reglas, su inventario de fonemas, en FRASES, el ENUNCIADO | 108 | |
| 10024746773 | Formalismo Ruso | Una reaccion a la critica positivista de siglo XIX que se preocupaba mas en aspectos extraliterarios. | 109 | |
| 10024746774 | Galicismo | Palabras de origen francés | 110 | |
| 10024746775 | Generacion de 98 | un termino literario de artistas, escritores, poetas quienes son activos durante el ano 98 ( guerra entre EUU y Espana 1898) | 111 | |
| 10024746776 | Gradación | Encadamiento de terminos relacionados y ordenados consecutivamente para producir un clímax. | 112 | |
| 10024746777 | Hamartia | falta de personalidad del protagonista fatal flaw | 113 | |
| 10024746778 | Heptasílabo | 7 silabas | 114 | |
| 10024746779 | Hermenéutica | Tecnica de interpretacion de documentos escritos o todo lenguaje imaginable. | 115 | |
| 10024746780 | Héroes | El protagonista de un cuento Ex: Don Quijote | 116 | |
| 10024746781 | Hexasílabo | 6 silabas | 117 | |
| 10024746782 | Hipérbaton | Aliteracion del orden normal sintactico de las palabras en una oracion | 118 | |
| 10024746783 | Hipérbole | Exageracion desproporcionada de hechos, situaciones, caracteristicas, actitudes, etc. para enfatizar o ridiculizar. | 119 | |
| 10024746784 | Humanismo | La base filosofica del Renacimiento en donde se reconocia la supermacia del hombre colocandolo el el lugar de Dios, pero con imperfecciones | 120 | |
| 10024746785 | Hybris | Orgullo desmedido. Lleva al personaje principal a su gran error | 121 | |
| 10024746786 | Ilustracion | fue un movimiento cultural de critica a la sociedad existente, al gobierno, a la economia, a la educacion de europa en el siglo XVIII | 122 | |
| 10024746787 | Imagen | Figura retórica que representa la relación analógica entre dos conceptos, objetos o sensaciones. Relación poética entre elementos reales e irreales, o el término irreal de esta relación. | 123 |
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