Flashcards
AP Psychology AP Review Flashcards
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| 13883553831 | psychology | the study of behavior and mental processes | 0 | |
| 13883553832 | psychology's biggest question | Which is more important in determining behavior, nature or nurture? | 1 | |
| 13883553833 | psychology's three levels of analysis | biopsychosocial approach (looks at the biological, psychological, and social-cultural approaches together) | 2 | |
| 13883553834 | biological approach | genetics, close-relatives, body functions | 3 | |
| 13883553835 | evolutionary approach | species - helped with survival (ancestors) | 4 | |
| 13883553836 | psychodynamic approach | (Freud) subconscious, repressed feelings, unfulfilled wishes | 5 | |
| 13883553837 | behavioral approach | learning (classical and operant) observed | 6 | |
| 13883553838 | cognitive approach | thinking affects behavior | 7 | |
| 13883553839 | humanistic approach | becoming a better human (behavior, acceptance) | 8 | |
| 13883553840 | social-cultural approach | cultural, family, environment | 9 | |
| 13883553841 | two reasons of why experiments are important | hindsight bias + overconfidence | 10 | |
| 13883553842 | types of research methods | descriptive, correlational, and experimental | 11 | |
| 13883553843 | descriptive methods | case study survey naturalistic observation (DON'T SHOW CAUSE/EFFECT) | 12 | |
| 13883553844 | case study | studies one person in depth may not be typical of population | 13 | |
| 13883553845 | survey | studies lots of people not in depth | 14 | |
| 13883553846 | naturalistic observation | observe + write facts without interference | 15 | |
| 13883553847 | correlational method | shows relation, but not cause/effect scatterplots show research | 16 | |
| 13883553848 | correlation coefficient | + 1.0 (both increase) 0 (no correlation - 1.0 (one increases, other decreases) | 17 | |
| 13883553849 | experimental method | does show cause and effect | 18 | |
| 13883553850 | population | type of people who are going to be used in experiment | 19 | |
| 13883553851 | sample | actual people who will be used (randomness reduces bias) | 20 | |
| 13883553852 | random assignment | chance selection between experimental and control groups | 21 | |
| 13883553853 | control group | not receiving experimental treatment receives placebo | 22 | |
| 13883553854 | experimental group | receiving treatment/drug | 23 | |
| 13883553855 | independent variable | drug/procedure/treatment | 24 | |
| 13883553856 | dependent variable | outcome of using the drug/treatment | 25 | |
| 13883553857 | confounding variable | can affect dependent variable beyond experiment's control | 26 | |
| 13883553858 | scientific method | theory hypothesis operational definition revision | 27 | |
| 13883553859 | theory | general idea being tested | 28 | |
| 13883553860 | hypothesis | measurable/specific | 29 | |
| 13883553861 | operational definition | procedures that explain components | 30 | |
| 13883553862 | mode | appears the most | 31 | |
| 13883553863 | mean | average | 32 | |
| 13883553864 | median | middle | 33 | |
| 13883553865 | range | highest - lowest | 34 | |
| 13883553866 | standard deviation | how scores vary around the mean | 35 | |
| 13883553867 | central tendency | single score that represents the whole | 36 | |
| 13883553868 | bell curve | (natural curve) |  | 37 |
| 13883553869 | ethics of testing on animals | need to be treated humanly basically similar to humans | 38 | |
| 13883553870 | ethics of testing on humans | consent debriefing no unnecessary discomfort/pain confidentiality | 39 | |
| 13883553871 | sensory neurons | travel from sensory receptors to brain | 40 | |
| 13883553872 | motor neurons | travel from brain to "motor" workings | 41 | |
| 13883553873 | interneurons | (in brain and spinal cord) connecting motor and sensory neurons | 42 | |
| 13883554065 | neuron |  | 43 | |
| 13883553874 | dendrites | receive messages from other neurons | 44 | |
| 13883553875 | myelin sheath | protects the axon | 45 | |
| 13883553876 | axon | where charges travel from cell body to axon terminal | 46 | |
| 13883553877 | neurotransmitters | chemical messengers | 47 | |
| 13883553878 | reuptake | extra neurotransmitters are taken back | 48 | |
| 13883553879 | excitatory charge | "Let's do it!" | 49 | |
| 13883553880 | inhibitory charge | "Let's not do it!" | 50 | |
| 13883553881 | central nervous system | brain and spinal cord | 51 | |
| 13883553882 | peripheral nervous system | somatic nervous system autonomic nervous system | 52 | |
| 13883553883 | somatic nervous system | voluntary movements | 53 | |
| 13883553884 | autonomic nervous system | involuntary movements (sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems) | 54 | |
| 13883553885 | sympathetic nervous system | arousing | 55 | |
| 13883553886 | parasympathetic nervous system | calming | 56 | |
| 13883553887 | neural networks | more connections form with greater use others fall away if not used | 57 | |
| 13883553888 | spinal cord | expressway of information bypasses brain when reflexes involved | 58 | |
| 13883553889 | endocrine system | slow uses hormones in the blood system | 59 | |
| 13883553890 | master gland | pituitary gland | 60 | |
| 13883553891 | brainstem | extension of the spinal cord responsible for automatic survival | 61 | |
| 13883553892 | reticular formation (if stimulated) | sleeping subject wakes up | 62 | |
| 13883553893 | reticular formation (if damaged) | coma | 63 | |
| 13883553894 | brainstem (if severed) | still move (without purpose) | 64 | |
| 13883553895 | thalamus | sensory switchboard (does not process smell) | 65 | |
| 13883553896 | hypothalamus | basic behaviors (hunger, thirst, sex, blood chemistry) | 66 | |
| 13883553897 | cerebellum | nonverbal memory, judge time, balance emotions, coordinate movements | 67 | |
| 13883553898 | cerebellum (if damaged) | difficulty walking and coordinating | 68 | |
| 13883553899 | amygdala | aggression, fear, and memory associated with these emotions | 69 | |
| 13883553900 | amygdala (if lesioned) | subject is mellow | 70 | |
| 13883553901 | amygdala (if stimulated) | aggressive | 71 | |
| 13883553902 | hippocampus | process new memory | 72 | |
| 13883553903 | cerebrum | two large hemispheres perceiving, thinking, and processing | 73 | |
| 13883553904 | cerebral cortex | only in higher life forms | 74 | |
| 13883553905 | association areas | integrate and interpret information | 75 | |
| 13883553906 | glial cells | provide nutrients to myelin sheath marks intelligence higher proportion of glial cells to neurons | 76 | |
| 13883553907 | frontal lobe | judgement, personality, processing (Phineas Gage accident) | 77 | |
| 13883553908 | parietal lobe | math and spatial reasoning | 78 | |
| 13883553909 | temporal lobe | audition and recognizing faces | 79 | |
| 13883553910 | occipital lobe | vision | 80 | |
| 13883553911 | corpus callosum | split in the brain to stop hyper-communication (eliminate epileptic seizures) | 81 | |
| 13883553912 | Wernicke's area | interprets auditory and hearing | 82 | |
| 13883553913 | Broca's area | speaking words | 83 | |
| 13883553914 | plasticity | ability to adapt if damaged | 84 | |
| 13883553915 | sensation | what our senses tell us | 85 | |
| 13883553916 | bottom-up processing | senses to brain | 86 | |
| 13883553917 | perception | what our brain tells us to do with that information | 87 | |
| 13883553918 | top-down processing | brain to senses | 88 | |
| 13883553919 | inattentional blindness | fail to "gorilla" because attention is elsewhere | 89 | |
| 13883553920 | cocktail party effect | even with tons of stimuli, we are able to pick out our name, etc. | 90 | |
| 13883553921 | change blindness | giving directions and person is changed and we don't notice | 91 | |
| 13883553922 | choice blindness | when defending the choice we make, we fail to notice choice was changed | 92 | |
| 13883553923 | absolute threshold | minimum stimulation needed in order to notice 50% of the time | 93 | |
| 13883553924 | signal detection theory | we notice what is more important to us (rather hear a baby crying) | 94 | |
| 13883553925 | JND (just noticeable difference) | (Weber's law) difference between different stimuli noticed in proportion | 95 | |
| 13883553926 | sensory adaptation | tired of noticing (Brain says, "Been there, done that. Next?" | 96 | |
| 13883553927 | rods | night time | 97 | |
| 13883553928 | cones | color | 98 | |
| 13883553929 | parallel processing | notice color, form, depth, movement, etc. | 99 | |
| 13883553930 | Young-Helmholtz trichromatic theory | 3 corresponding color receptors (RGB) | 100 | |
| 13883553931 | Hering's opponent-process theory | after image in opposite colors (RG, YB, WB) | 101 | |
| 13883553932 | trichromatic + opponent-process | Young-Helmholtz -> color stimuli Hering -> en route to cortex | 102 | |
| 13883553933 | frequency we hear most | human voice | 103 | |
| 13883553934 | Helmoltz (hearing) | we hear different pitches in different places in basilar membrane (high pitches) | 104 | |
| 13883553935 | frequency theory | impulse frequency (low pitches) | 105 | |
| 13883553936 | Helmholtz + frequency theory | middle pitches | 106 | |
| 13883553937 | Skin feels what? | warmth, cold, pressure, pain | 107 | |
| 13883553938 | gate-control theory | small fibers - pain large fibers - other senses | 108 | |
| 13883553939 | memory of pain | peaks and ends | 109 | |
| 13883553940 | smell | close to memory section (not in thalamus) | 110 | |
| 13883553941 | grouping | Gestalt make sense of pieces create a whole | 111 | |
| 13883553942 | grouping groups | proximity similarity continuity connectedness closure | 112 | |
| 13883553943 | make assumptions of placement | higher - farther smaller - farther blocking - closer, in front | 113 | |
| 13883553944 | perception = | mood + motivation | 114 | |
| 13883553945 | consciousness | awareness of ourselves and the environment | 115 | |
| 13883553946 | circadian rhythm | daily biological clock and regular cycle (sleep and awake) | 116 | |
| 13883553947 | circadian rhythm pattern | - activated by light - light sensitive retinal proteins signal brains SCN (suprachiasmatic nucleus) - pineal gland decreases melatonin | 117 | |
| 13883553948 | What messes with circadian rhythm? | artificial light | 118 | |
| 13883553949 | The whole sleep cycle lasts how long? | 90 minutes | 119 | |
| 13883553950 | sleep stages | relaxed stage (alpha waves) stage 1 (early sleep) (hallucinations) stage 2 (sleep spindles - bursts of activity) (sleep talk) stage 3 (transition phase) (delta waves) stage 4 (delta waves) (sleepwalk/talk + wet the bed) stage 5 (REM) (sensory-rich dreams) (paradoxical sleep) | 120 | |
| 13883553951 | purpose of sleep | 1. recuperation - repair neurons and allow unused neural connections to wither 2. making memories 3. body growth (children sleep more) | 121 | |
| 13883553952 | insomnia | can't sleep | 122 | |
| 13883553953 | narcolepsy | fall asleep anywhere at anytime | 123 | |
| 13883553954 | sleep apnea | stop breathing in sleep | 124 | |
| 13883553955 | night terrors | prevalent in children | 125 | |
| 13883553956 | sleepwalking/sleeptalking | hereditary - prevalent in children | 126 | |
| 13883553957 | dreaming (3) | 1. vivid bizarre intense sensory experiences 2. carry fear/survival issues - vestiges of ancestors' survival ideas 2. replay previous day's experiences/worries | 127 | |
| 13883553958 | purpose of dreaming (5 THEORIES) | 1. physiological function - develop/preserve neural pathways 2. Freud's wish-fulfillment (manifest/latent content) 3. activation synthesis - make sense of stimulation originating in brain 4. information processing 5. cognitive development - reflective of intelligence | 128 | |
| 13883553959 | 1. Can hypnosis bring you back in time? 2. Can hypnosis make you do things you wouldn't normally do? 3. Can it alleviate pain? 4. What state are you in during hypnosis? 5. Who is more susceptible? | 1. cannot take you back in time 2. cannot make you do things you won't do 3. can alleviate pain 4. fully conscious ((IMAGINATIVE PEOPLE MORE SUSCEPTIBLE)) | 129 | |
| 13883553960 | depressants | slows neural pathways | 130 | |
| 13883553961 | alcohol | ((depressant)) disrupts memory formation (REM) lowers inhibition expectancy effect | 131 | |
| 13883553962 | barbituates (tranquilizers) | ((depressant)) reduce anxiety | 132 | |
| 13883553963 | opiates | ((depressant)) pleasure reduce anxiety/pain | 133 | |
| 13883553964 | stimulants | hypes neural processing | 134 | |
| 13883553965 | methamphetamine | ((stimulant)) heightens energy euphoria affects dopamine | 135 | |
| 13883553966 | caffeine | ((stimulant)) | 136 | |
| 13883553967 | nicotine | ((stimulant)) CNS releases neurotransmitters calm anxiety reduce pain affects (nor)epinephrine and dopamine | 137 | |
| 13883553968 | cocaine | ((stimulant)) euphoria affects dopamine, serotonin, and norepinephrine | 138 | |
| 13883553969 | hallucinogen | excites neural activity | 139 | |
| 13883553970 | ecstasy | ((hallucinogen)) reuptake is blocked affects dopamine and serotonin | 140 | |
| 13883553971 | LSD | ((hallucinogen)) affects sensory/emotional "trip" (+/-) affects serotonin | 141 | |
| 13883553972 | marijuana | ((hallucinogen)) amplify sensory experience disrupts memory formation | 142 | |
| 13883553973 | learning | organism changing behavior due to experience (association of events) | 143 | |
| 13883553974 | types of learning | classical operant observational | 144 | |
| 13883553975 | famous classical psychologists | Pavlov and Watson | 145 | |
| 13883553976 | famous operant psychologist | Skinner | 146 | |
| 13883553977 | famous observational psychologists | Bandura | 147 | |
| 13883553978 | classical conditioning | outside stimulus | 148 | |
| 13883553979 | Pavlov's experiment | Step 1: US (food) -> UR (salivation) Step 2: NS (bell) -> US (food) -> UR (salivation) Later... CS (bell) -> CR (salivation) | 149 | |
| 13883553980 | Watson's experiment | white rat was given to Little Albert Step 1: US (noise) -> UR (cry) Step 2: NS (rat) -> US (noise) -> UR (cry) Later... CS (rat) -> CR (cry) | 150 | |
| 13883553981 | generalization | any small, white fluffy creature will make Albert cry now | 151 | |
| 13883553982 | discriminate | any large, white fluffy creature won't make Albert cry | 152 | |
| 13883553983 | extinction | stop "treating" with conditioned response | 153 | |
| 13883553984 | spontaneous recovery | bring stimulus back after a while | 154 | |
| 13883553985 | operant conditioning | control by organism | 155 | |
| 13883553986 | Skinner's experiment | operant chamber / Skinner box (lead to shaping) | 156 | |
| 13883553987 | shaping | get animal closer to doing what you want them to do | 157 | |
| 13883553988 | reinforcers | want to continue behavior (positive reinforcement: give money to do laundry) (negative reinforcement: do to avoid nagging) | 158 | |
| 13883553989 | punishments | want to stop behavior (positive reinforcement: smack) (negative reinforcement: take away phone) | 159 | |
| 13883553990 | fixed ratio | happens a certain number of times (Starbucks punch card) | 160 | |
| 13883553991 | variable ratio | happens an unpredictable number of times (winning the lottery) | 161 | |
| 13883553992 | organism must do these (2 times) | fixed ratio and variable ratio | 162 | |
| 13883553993 | fixed interval | happens at a certain time (mailman comes to the house at 10:00 AM) | 163 | |
| 13883553994 | variable interval | happens at any time (receive texts from friends) | 164 | |
| 13883553995 | these things happen regardless (2 times) | fixed interval and variable interval | 165 | |
| 13883553996 | Which (fixed/variable) conditions better? | variable | 166 | |
| 13883553997 | criticisms of Skinner | doesn't take into account intrinsic motivation | 167 | |
| 13883553998 | intrinsic motivation | doing something for yourself, not the reward | 168 | |
| 13883553999 | extrinsic motivation | doing something for reward | 169 | |
| 13883554000 | Skinner's legacy | use it personally, at school, and at work | 170 | |
| 13883554001 | famous observational experiment | Bandura's Bobo doll | 171 | |
| 13883554002 | famous observational psychologist | Bandura | 172 | |
| 13883554003 | mirror neurons | "feel" what is observed happens in higher order animals | 173 | |
| 13883554004 | Bobo doll experiment legacy | violent video games/movies desensitize us see good: do good see evil: do evil | 174 | |
| 13883554005 | observational learning | biological behaviors work best | 175 | |
| 13883554006 | habituation | get used to it -> stop reacting | 176 | |
| 13883554007 | examples for observational learning | lectures and reading | 177 | |
| 13883554008 | serotonin involved with memory | speeds the connection between neurons | 178 | |
| 13883554009 | LTP | ((long-term potentiation)) strengthens potential neural forming (associated with speed) | 179 | |
| 13883554010 | CREB | protein that can switch genes on/off with memory and connection of memories | 180 | |
| 13883554011 | glutamate involved with memory | neurotransmitter that enhances LTP | 181 | |
| 13883554012 | glucose involved with memory | released during strong emotions ((signaling important event to be remembered)) | 182 | |
| 13883554013 | flashbulb memory | type of memory remembered because it was an important/quick moment | 183 | |
| 13883554014 | amygdala (memory) | boosts activity of proteins in memory-forming areas to fight/flight | 184 | |
| 13883554015 | cerebellum (memory) | forms and stores implicit memories ((classical conditioning)) | 185 | |
| 13883554016 | hippocampus (memory) | active during sleep (forming memories) ((information "moves" after 48 hours)) | 186 | |
| 13883554017 | memory | learning over time contains information that can be retrieved | 187 | |
| 13883554018 | processing stages | encoding -> storage -> retrieval | 188 | |
| 13883554019 | encoding | information going in | 189 | |
| 13883554020 | storage | keeping information in | 190 | |
| 13883554021 | retrieval | taking information out | 191 | |
| 13883554022 | How long is sensory memory stored? | seconds | 192 | |
| 13883554023 | How long is short-term memory stored? | less than a minute | 193 | |
| 13883554024 | How many bits of information is stored in short-term memory? | 7 | 194 | |
| 13883554025 | How many chunks of information is stored in short-term memory? | 4 | 195 | |
| 13883554026 | How many seconds of words is stored in short-term memory? | 2 | 196 | |
| 13883554027 | short term memory goes to ______________ | working memory | 197 | |
| 13883554028 | working memory | make a connection and process information to mean something | 198 | |
| 13883554029 | working memory goes to _________________ | long-term memory | 199 | |
| 13883554030 | How much is stored in long-term memory? | LIMITLESS | 200 | |
| 13883554031 | implicit memory | naturally do | 201 | |
| 13883554032 | explicit memory | need to explain | 202 | |
| 13883554033 | automatic processing | space, time, frequency, well-learned information | 203 | |
| 13883554034 | effortful processing | processing that requires effort | 204 | |
| 13883554035 | spacing effect | spread out learning over time | 205 | |
| 13883554036 | serial position effect | primary/recency effect | 206 | |
| 13883554037 | primary effect | remember the first things in a list | 207 | |
| 13883554038 | recency effect | remember the last things in a list | 208 | |
| 13883554039 | effortful processing (4 things) | 1. recency effect 2. spacing effect 3. testing effect 4. serial position effect | 209 | |
| 13883554040 | semantic encoding (1) meaning (2) how to | make meaning out of something --- chunk, hierarchy, or connect to you | 210 | |
| 13883554041 | if we can't remember a memory... | 1. change memory to suit us 2. fill in the blanks with logical story | 211 | |
| 13883554042 | misinformation effect | not correct information | 212 | |
| 13883554043 | imagination inflation | imagine or visualize something that isn't real | 213 | |
| 13883554044 | source amnesia | what is the truth? (is it a dream, story, memory, etc.?) | 214 | |
| 13883554045 | priming | association (setting you up) | 215 | |
| 13883554046 | context | environment helps with memory | 216 | |
| 13883554047 | state-dependency | you may remember something if you go back to the state you were in (go back to high) | 217 | |
| 13883554048 | mood-congruency | emotion will bring back similar emotional memories | 218 | |
| 13883554049 | forgetting curve | forget after 5 days forget after 5 years | 219 | |
| 13883554050 | the forgetting curve was created by | Ebbinghaus | 220 | |
| 13883554051 | proactive interference | old information interferes with the new | 221 | |
| 13883554052 | retroactive interference | new information interferes with the old | 222 | |
| 13883554053 | children can't remember before age __ | 3 | 223 | |
| 13883554054 | Loftus | connected to abuse cases/childhood | 224 | |
| 13883554055 | prototypes | generalize | 225 | |
| 13883554056 | problem-solving (4) | trial + error algorithms heuristic (representative + availability) insight - "AHA!" | 226 | |
| 13883554057 | against problem-solving | fixation | 227 | |
| 13883554058 | mental set | what has worked in the past | 228 | |
| 13883554059 | functional fixedness | only way to do this is with this | 229 | |
| 13883554060 | Chomsky (nature or nurture?) | "born with language" (nature) | 230 | |
| 13883554061 | Skinner (nature or nurture?) | language is learned (nurture) | 231 | |
| 13883554062 | grammar is _________ | universal | 232 | |
| 13883554063 | phonemes | smallest sound unit | 233 | |
| 13883554064 | morphemes | smallest meaning unit | 234 |
Flashcards
AP Physics C: Forces Flashcards
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| 10797601619 | 2400 N | A golf club hits a golf ball with a force of 2400 N. The golf ball hits the club with a force | 0 | |
| 10797584963 | 6 m/s | Airlifted medical supplies in a box are dropped from a helicopter. The mass of the box is 2.0 kg. The face of the box closest to the ground measures 1 m x 0.75 m. The density of the air, ρ, is approximately 1.3 kg/m 3 and the drag coefficient of the box, C D is 1.1. Which of the following is the best estimate of the terminal speed of the box? | 1 | |
| 10797577887 | 6 N | The coefficient of static and kinetic frictions between a 3.0-kg box and a desk are 0.40 and 0.30, respectively. What is the net force on the box when a 15-N horizontal force is applied to the box? | 2 | |
| 10797554172 | force | - push or pull - unbalanced: cause an object to accelerate - vector | 3 | |
| 10797554173 | contact (force) | involve contact between bodies normal, friction | 4 | |
| 10797554174 | field (force) | act without necessity of contact gravity | 5 | |
| 10797554175 | equilibrium | net force on a body is zero | 6 | |
| 10797554176 | dynamic | moving equilibrium | 7 | |
| 10797554177 | static | equilibrium at rest | 8 | |
| 10797554178 | newton's first law | a body in motion stays in motion unless acted upon by an external force horizontal component of velocity | 9 | |
| 10797554179 | newton's second law | F=ma | 10 | |
| 10797554180 | inertia | resistance of an object to being accelerated | 11 | |
| 10797554181 | mass | same as inertia | 12 | |
| 10797554182 | weight | gravitational attraction | 13 | |
| 10797554183 | normal force | the force that keeps one object from invading another object | 14 | |
| 10797554184 | tension | - a pulling force - rope/string resists being pulled apart | 15 | |
| 10797554185 | friction | opposes sliding motion | 16 | |
| 10797554186 | static | friction that exists before sliding occurs | 17 | |
| 10797554187 | kinetic | friction that exists while moving | 18 | |
| 10797554188 | newton's third law | - for every action there exists an equal and opposite reaction | 19 | |
| 10797571721 | 300 N | A person on a scale rides in an elevator. If the mass of the person is 60.0 kg and the elevator accelerates downward with an acceleration of 5.0 m/s2, what is the reading on the scale? | 20 | |
| 10797614249 | 11.5 N | If the box in the picture had a mass of 2 kg. Calculate the tension of the cord. (round your degree to the nearest angle for calculations sake) |  | 21 |
| 10797710837 | 5.88 m/s2 | A 200.0-gram mass (m2) and 50.0-gram mass (m1) are connected by a string. The string is stretched over a pulley. Determine the acceleration of the masses. |  | 22 |
| 10797741721 | 294 m/s | A 60 kg jumps out of an airplane with a parachute. He decides not to pull the rip cord until he reaches terminal velocity. If the drag force is equal to F D=−bv and b=2kg/s , what is the magnitude of the velocity when he decides to pull the cord? | 23 | |
| 10797783667 | 6.53 m/s2 | Using the Atwood Machine shown, determine the acceleration of the system. |  | 24 |
| 10797839772 | 13.07 N | Using the Atwood Machine shown, determine the tension of the string. | | 25 |
| 10797865296 | 200 N | If the tension in string 2 is 4N, and the block is moving at a constant rate, what is the weight of block B. The coefficient of kinetic friction between the block and table is 0.02 |  | 26 |
| 10797974733 | 75 N | A 50-N applied force (30 degrees to the horizontal) accelerates a box across a horizontal sheet of ice. Calculate the normal force. | 27 | |
| 10798008865 | 12 m/s2 | Suppose that a sled is accelerating at a rate of 2 m/s2. If the net force is tripled and the mass is halved, then what is the new acceleration of the sled? | 28 | |
| 10798015788 | 3 m/s2 | Suppose that a sled is accelerating at a rate of 2 m/s2. If the net force is tripled and the mass is doubled, then what is the new acceleration of the sled? | 29 |
Flashcards
Chapter 12 Ap world history flashcards Flashcards
Terms : Hide Images
| 13702761263 | Voltaire | (1694-1778) French philosopher. He believed that freedom of speech was the best weapon against bad government. He also spoke out against the corruption of the French government, and the intolerance of the Catholic Church. | 0 | |
| 13702761264 | Salons helped to spread | Enlightenment thinking | 1 | |
| 13702764654 | First, Second, Third Estates | These were the social divisions within L'Ancien Regime. First - Clergy; Second - aristocracy; Third - merchant class,professionals, manufacturers, urban workers and peasants(i.e. everyone who wasn't in First or Second Estate). A person's individual, legal rights and personal prestige depended on category to which one belonged. By 1780s this structure in France was becoming politically and socially obsolete because of the changing structure of society and the economy. | 2 | |
| 13702764655 | Bastille | Medieval fortress that was converted to a prison stormed by peasants for ammunition during the early stages of the French Revolution. | 3 | |
| 13702768204 | Zionism | A policy for establishing and developing a national homeland for Jews in Palestine. | 4 | |
| 13702774013 | Social Contract | A voluntary agreement among individuals to secure their rights and welfare by creating a government and abiding by its rules. | 5 | |
| 13702777396 | John Locke | 17th century English philosopher who opposed the Divine Right of Kings and who asserted that people have a natural right to life, liberty, and property. | 6 | |
| 13702781316 | Baron Montesquieu | Enlightenment thinker who supported the idea of separation of powers | 7 | |
| 13702783891 | Jean-Jacques Rousseau | A French man who believed that Human beings are naturally good & free & can rely on their instincts. Government should exist to protect common good, and be a democracy | 8 | |
| 13702786012 | Declaration of Independence | the document recording the proclamation of the second Continental Congress (4 July 1776) asserting the independence of the colonies from Great Britain | 9 | |
| 13702786013 | Declaration of the Rights of Man | Statement of fundamental political rights adopted by the French National Assembly at the beginning of the French Revolution. | 10 | |
| 13702791347 | Napoleon Bonaparte | Overthrew the French revolutionary government (The Directory) in 1799 and became emperor of France in 1804. Failed to defeat Great Britain and abdicated in 1814. Returned to power briefly in 1815 but was defeated and died in exile. | 11 | |
| 13702794602 | Archduke Maximilian | Austrian; appointed by Napoeleon III of France to rule Mexico as a puppet emperor from 1862-1867 | 12 | |
| 13702794603 | Simon Bolivar | 1783-1830, Venezuelan statesman: leader of revolt of South American colonies against Spanish rule. | 13 | |
| 13702797395 | Giuseppe Garibaldi | Italian patriot whose conquest of Sicily and Naples led to the formation of the Italian state (1807-1882). | 14 | |
| 13702797396 | Otto von Bismarck | Chancellor of Prussia from 1862 until 1871, when he became chancellor of Germany. A conservative nationalist, he led Prussia to victory against Austria (1866) and France (1870) and was responsible for the creation of the German Empire (714) | 15 | |
| 13702800595 | Congress of Vienna | (1814-1815 CE) Meeting of representatives of European monarchs called to reestablish the old order after the defeat of Napoleon. | 16 | |
| 13702800596 | Realpolitik | realistic politics based on the needs of the state | 17 | |
| 13702806225 | Socialism | A system in which society, usually in the form of the government, owns and controls the means of production. | 18 | |
| 13702806226 | Wealth of Nations | British philosopher and writer Adam Smith's 1776 book that described his theory on free trade, otherwise known as laissez-faire economics. | 19 | |
| 13702811196 | Fabian Society | Group of English socialists, including George Bernard Shaw, who advocated electoral victories rather than violent revolution to bring about social change. | 20 |
Flashcards
Flashcards
AP Flashcards
Terms : Hide Images
| 11037141085 | Virginia Company | A group of private investors that established the first permanent English settlement in America. | 0 | |
| 11037141086 | joint-stock company | A business in which investors share the company's profits and losses | 1 | |
| 11037141087 | Jamestown | 1607 - first permanent English settlement | 2 | |
| 11037141088 | John Rolfe | Married Pocahontas, eased tensions with Powhatan. | 3 | |
| 11037141089 | Mercantilism | Economic policy practiced by Great Britain where more goods are exported than imported | 4 | |
| 11037141090 | Virginia House of Burgesses | First representative government in the colonies | 5 | |
| 11037141091 | Indentured Servant | Person who worked for a specific number of years in exchange for passage to America | 6 | |
| 11037141092 | Mayflower Compact | An agreement that set a precedent for government based on the will of the people | 7 | |
| 11037141093 | Middle Passage | The journey of slaves from Africa to the America | 8 | |
| 11037141094 | Bacon's Rebellion | a series of attacks against the Indians in Virginia during the 17th century; result of land and high taxes | 9 | |
| 11037141095 | King Philip's War | A conflict between settlers and the Wampanoag tribe | 10 | |
| 11037141096 | Half-Way Covenant | This gave partial membership into the Puritan Church | 11 | |
| 11037141097 | Salem Witch Trials | In Massachusetts; resulted in wide spread hysteria, trials and deaths | 12 | |
| 11037141098 | Fundamental Orders of Connecticut | 1st written constitution in America | 13 | |
| 11037141099 | John Locke | Political philosopher who said government is based on a social contract with the people | 14 | |
| 11037141100 | Common sense | Pamphlet written by Thomas Paine encouraging colonists to join the fight for independence | 15 | |
| 11037141101 | Intolerable Acts | Harsh measures, including closing Boston Harbor, revoking the mass after the Boston Tea Party | 16 | |
| 11037141102 | Stamp Act | Placed a tax on printed documents | 17 | |
| 11037141103 | Treaty of Paris 1763 | Ended the French and Indian War | 18 | |
| 11037141104 | Proclamation of 1763 | Prohibited westward expansion beyond the Appalachian Mountains | 19 | |
| 11037141105 | Battle of Saratoga | Turning point of the American revolution because it persuaded the french to come to the aid of the patriots | 20 | |
| 11037141106 | Yorktown | Battle that ended the American revolution with the surrender of British General Cornwallis | 21 | |
| 11037141107 | Treaty of Paris 1783 | Ended the American Revolution and gave Americans British Territory West to the Mississippi and from The Great Lakes to Florida | 22 | |
| 11037141108 | Articles of Confederation | 1st government of the U.S. states operated under this ; gave states most of the power. | 23 | |
| 11037275394 | Federalists | Supported a strong central gov't and ratification of the constitution | 24 | |
| 11037275395 | Great Compromise | bicameral legislature with equal representation based on population in another house | 25 | |
| 11037275396 | Three-Fifths Compromise | an agreement that determined how slaves would be counted for representation in Congress | 26 | |
| 11037275397 | Montesquieu | Philosopher who said that the powers of gov't should be split between the executive and legislative branches | 27 | |
| 11037275398 | Separation of Powers | Divided the gov't into three branches so that no one branch could become too powerful | 28 | |
| 11037275399 | Bill of Rights | The first ten amendments to the Constitution | 29 | |
| 11399621354 | Federalism | Powers divided by federal and state gov't | 30 | |
| 11399724739 | Cabinet | President's closest advisors | 31 | |
| 11399724740 | NW Ordinance | Established a set of principles for statehood | 32 | |
| 11399724741 | Whiskey Rebellion | Resulted from a tax being placed on a product made from surplus corn and rye in an attempt to pay national debt, angering farmers | 33 | |
| 11399724742 | Louisiana Purchase | Obtained from the French, largest land deal in history, doubled US size | 34 | |
| 11399724743 | Lewis and Clark | Explorers who mapped out the Louisiana Purchase | 35 | |
| 11854778032 | Manifest Destiny | Stated that America was destined to expand its borders from Atlantic to Pacific | 36 | |
| 11854778033 | War of 1812 | Conflict between U.S. and Great Britain over Britain's impressment of U.S. sailors, violating American neutrality, and aiding Indian uprises | 37 | |
| 11854778034 | Spoils system | Practice of giving government jobs to political supporters regardless of qualification | 38 | |
| 11854778035 | Monroe Doctrine | Stated that America was off limits to further European Exploration | 39 | |
| 11854778036 | Temperance | Movement encouraged the idea that people should limit or eliminate the use of alcohol | 40 | |
| 11854778037 | Erie Canal | This connection of two bodies of water for purpose of trade; resulted in the growth of cities such as New York | 41 | |
| 11854778038 | Jacksonian Democracy | Expanded the power of presidency and extended voting rights for "Common Man". | 42 | |
| 11854778039 | Horace Mann | 19th century reformer whose focus was public education | 43 | |
| 11854778040 | Missouri Compromise | Legislation that allowed Missouri to enter as slave state and Maine as free | 44 | |
| 11854778041 | Fugitive Slave Act | Made aiding a runaway slave a crime, required citizens to assist in capturing these runaway slaves | 45 | |
| 11854778042 | Seneca Falls Conference | Marked the beginning of women's rights suffrage (right to vote) | 46 | |
| 11854778043 | Nullification Crisis | Result of tariff of 1828, southern states argued that they had a right to nullify or council this piece of legislation because it was damaging to the southern economy | 47 | |
| 12006629500 | State's rights | The right of the state to pass and enforce laws without the federal gov't interfering | 48 | |
| 12006629501 | Marbury vs Madison | Supreme Court ruling that established judicial review | 49 |
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