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Major AP Psychology Psychologists Flashcards

6668671062	Charles Darwin	Father of evolutionary psychology; discussed natural selection & survival of the fittest	0
6668671063	Wilhelm Wundt	Created first psych laboratory; first to discuss introspection	1
6675349966	Edward Titchner	Creator of structuralism; a student of Wilhelm Wundt	2
6668674493	William James	Father of functionalism & a theory of emotion (stimulus + arousal = emotion)	3
6668674494	G. Stanley Hall	Created America's first psych lab and was the first President of the APA	4
6668677466	Mary Whiton Calkins	First female President of the APA	5
6668679564	Margaret F. Washburn	First American woman to receive a PH.D in psychology	6
6668679565	Sigmund Freud	Father of the psychoanalytic perspective; parts of the unconscious mind; psychosexual stages; defensive mechanisms; psychoanalysis	7
6668681622	John B. Watson	Father of behaviorism; "Little Albert" experiment	8
6668696192	Paul Broca	Discovered an area of the brain which allows us to take thoughts and turn them into speech	9
6669484820	Carl Wernicke	Discovered an area of the brain which allows us to take speech and turn them into thoughts	10
6669484821	Roger Sperry	Research on split-brain patients; Demonstrated that the functions of the left & right hemisphere	11
6669487063	Michael Gazzaniga	Advanced Sperry's research by how the two hemispheres of the brain talk to each other	12
6669487064	Ernest Weber	Discovered the JND; __________'s law	13
6669492633	Gustav Fechner	Explained how mental processes can be measured	14
6669494463	David Hubel & Torsten Wiesel	Discussed how feature detectors in the occipital lobe helps us identity an object	15
6669497838	Ernest Hilgard	Believed that hypnosis allows a consciousness to become split (dissociation); "Hidden observer" experiment	16
6669497839	Ivan Pavlov	Father of classical conditioning	17
6669500553	John Garcia	Taste aversion	18
6669500554	Robert Rescorla	Refines Pavlov's classical conditioning experiment; the CS must be a reliable signal the predicts the coming of the UCS	19
6669503899	Edward Thorndike	"Rewarded behavior is likely to reoccur; the law of effect	20
6669503900	B.F. Skinner	Father of operant conditioning (shaping); we do a behavior either to get a reward or avoid punishment	21
6669505511	Edward Tolman	First to discuss the use of a cognitive map and latent learning to shape behavior	22
6669507830	Wolfgang Kohler	Came up the ideas for insight & trial-and-error learning	23
6669507831	Albert Bandura	Father of observational learning (modeling); "Bobo doll experiment	24
6669510454	George A. Miller	Measured the maximum numbers that can be retained in short-term memory	25
6669510455	Hermann Ebbinghaus	Father of effortful processing; practice makes perfect	26
6669513168	Elizabeth Loftus	Misinformation effect; The wording of a question can lead to dramatic different answers. (Smashed v. hit)	27
6669513169	Noam Chomsky	Language is innate. Deep structure & Surface structure come from him.	28
6669515184	Abraham Maslow	Hierarchy of needs; self-actualization is the highest	29
6669516841	Stanley Schachter	Two-factor theory of emotion; emotions depend on arousal and a cognitive label.	30
6669516842	Hans Selye	General adaptation syndrome (GAS) for handling stress; alarm, resistance, & exhaustion	31
6669519503	Alfred Kinsey with Masters & Johnson	Sexual response cycle	32
6675290072	Mark Rosenzwig & David Krech	Rats develop larger brains when they are activated.	33
6669519504	Mary Ainsworth	Attachment theory for human babies (secure & insecure)	34
6669521999	Harry Harlow	Attachment theory for animals (Comfort over food)	35
6669522000	Konrad Lorenz	Studied the effects of imprinting and critical period on animals	36
6669524030	Jean Piaget	Stages of Cognitive Development in Children; source amnesia; assimilation v. accommodation	37
6669524031	Lev Vygotsky	the zone of proximal development; culture helps in the development of children	38
6669528231	Diana Baumrind	Parenting styles	39
6669528232	Erik Erikson	Throughout the lifespan, we go through conflicts.	40
6669530116	Lawrence Kohlburg	Stages of moral development (preconventional, conventional & postconventional)	41
6669530117	Carol Gilligan	Women don't have the same morality as men. (Disagrees with Kohlburg)	42
6669533485	Alfred Adler	As a child we are inferior, but as an adult, we want to become superior. (Inferiority complex)	43
6669533486	Carl Jung	Collective unconscious; If we don't need something, it goes into the unconscious mind.	44
6669535581	Carl Rogers	Father of principles such as client-centered therapy and active listening in humanistic psychology; unconditional positive regard	45
6669537602	Paul Costa & Robert McCrae	Creators of the NEO-PI Test (CANOE)	46
6669537603	Francis Galton	Believed that intelligence is passed down through genetics; created the first measurement of intelligence	47
6669541126	Charles Spearman	g intelligence; If we are smart in one area, we are above average in all areas.	48
6669541127	Robert Sternburg	We have three types of intelligence: analytical, practical, & creative.	49
6669541265	Howard Gardner	We have eight different types of intelligence (Bodily-kinesthesis, musical, spatial, etc.)	50
6669545537	Alfred Binet	Created the first usable intelligence test; wanted to find kids who were behind in their skills	51
6669545538	Lewis Terman	Creator of the Stanford-Binet Test; believed that intelligence is measurable throughout the lifespan; did a longitudinal study on kids who had high IQs	52
6669545559	David Wechsler	Father of the most widely used intelligence test today (WAIS)	53
6669548117	Dorothea Dix	A mental health reformer who advocated for mental hospitals for patients	54
6669548118	Albert Ellis	Promoted rational-emotional therapy; mental disorders are caused by an ABC model.	55
6669549967	Mary C. Jones	"the mother of behavioral therapy"	56
6669549966	Aaron Beck	Father of cognitive therapy; used widely to treat depression	57
6669552571	Joseph Wolpe	first to use systematic desensitization to treat patients with anxiety & phobia problems	58
6669552572	Leon Festinger	Father of cognitive dissonance theory	59
6669555049	Philip Zimbardo	Studied the effects of role-playing in the Stanford Prison Experiment	60
6669555050	Solomon Asch	Conformity; we either go with the group because we want approval (normative social infleunce) or the group cannot be wrong (informative social influence)	61
6669561040	Stanley Milgram	Obedience study; we will follow the orders of a person if we perceive them to be an authority figure.	62
6874230039	Elizabeth Kubler-Ross	5 Stages of Grief	63
6874231622	John Locke	"Tabula rosa"; We learn everything through experience.	64
6874232775	Raymond Cattell	Creator of the 16 PF Personality Test	65
6874236774	Dmitry Belayaev	You can domesticate animals that are normally wild (foxes).	66
6874241443	Karen Horney	"Womb envy"; Women are superior to men because they can give birth.	67
6874668062	Gordon Allport	Father of Trait theory; believed that there were two types of traits: central & secondary	68
6874670984	Hans Eyesenck	Trait theorist who measured personality along two dimensions: introversion/extraversion & stable/unstable	69

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AP Lang Vocab Flashcards

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6609075092	Abstract Language	-the opposite of concrete language, e.g., justice, love, fairness, freedom, rights...	0
6609075093	Aesthetic	-concern with beauty	1
6609075094	Affable	-good natured, sociable	2
6609075095	Allegory	-using concrete images to express abstract truths	3
6609075096	Alliteration	-repetition of initial letters of adjacent or closely connected words	4
6609075097	Allusion	-reference to another work, idea, or text in a given text	5
6609075098	Ambiguity	-have two possible meanings	6
6609075099	Amenable	-responsive to suggestion	7
6609075100	Ample	-enough or more than enough	8
6609075101	Anachronism	-out of sequence w/r/t time	9
6609075102	Anaphora	-repetition of word or phrase for special emphasis	10
6609075103	Anecdote	-short entertaining story often to make a point	11
6609075104	Anthropomorphism	-attributing human characteristics to non-humans; "Emma, the matriarch of the lion pride, was grieving over the loss of her cub."	12
6609075105	Antithesis	-that which is opposed to the thesis	13
6609075106	Aphorism	-pithy observation	14
6609075107	Apology	-defense of an idea by argument or reason	15
6609075108	Apostrophe	-an address to someone not present or to an inanimate thing	16
6609075109	Apposition	-the addition or application of one thing to another thing; e.g., "Linda, the wife of Willy Loman," The wife of Willy Loman is in apposition with Linda.	17
6609075110	Archetype	-original model; recurrent motif in literature	18
6609075111	Arid	-dry, (dull reading)	19
6609075112	Assertion	--a confidently or forcefully stated fact or belief	20
6609075113	Assonance	-repetition of vowel sounds	21
6609075114	Asyndeton	-a rhetorical figure involving the deliberate omission of conjunctions	22
6609075115	Attitude	-a settled way of thinking or feeling toward or about a subject or person	23
6609075116	Austere	-lacking adornment	24
6609075117	Bombast	-high sounding language with little meaning	25
6609075118	Brusque	-abrupt or offhand	26
6609075119	Candor	-open, honest, without hiding	27
6609075120	Catalog	-list	28
6609075121	Causal Relationship	-connection between two events such that effect "B "was determined to be the cause of "A"	29
6609075122	Caustic	-scathingly sarcastic	30
6609075123	Chiasmus	-an verbal ordering of items in an XYZ-ZYX pattern; a crosswise arrangement like an X	31
6609075124	Circumlocution	-speaking indirectly, around the bush	32
6609075125	Claim	-an assertion in an argument	33
6609075126	Colloquial	-language used in ordinary conversation; not formal	34
6609075127	Comprehensive	-complete	35
6609075128	Conceit	-elaborate metaphor, usually surprising or witty	36
6609075129	Concrete language	-opposite of Abstract Language; applies to individuals not groups	37
6609075130	Condescending	-to speak down to someone, to reveal oneself as superior	38
6609075131	Connotation	--the idea or feeling a word invokes beyond is formal definition	39
6609075132	Consonance	-the repetition of consonants in adjacent or closely connected words	40
6609075133	Contemptuous	-showing contempt—feeling a person or thing is worthless/beneath consideration	41
6609075134	Convention	-established way of doing something	42
6609075135	Copious	-abundant	43
6609075136	Critique	-to analyze carefully	44
6609075137	Decorous	-carefully or artfully stated or put	45
6609075138	Deleterious	-harmful	46
6609075139	Denotation	-the formal definition of a term	47
6609075140	Diction	-word choice a writer makes	48
6609075141	Didactic	-intended for instruction, inclined to teach	49
6609075142	Dilettante	-a person with an amateur interest in the arts; not a professional	50
6609075143	Discredit	-detract from the believability of an argument or person	51
6609075144	Disparage	-represent as being of little worth; scorn	52
6609075145	Elegy	-mournful poem, often in lament of the dead	53
6609075146	Epistrophe	-repetition of a word or phrase at the end of a successive clauses or sentences	54
6609075147	Ethos	-the character of a speaker, his credibility	55
6609075148	Eulogy	-speech or writing in praise of a person, sometimes a deceased	56
6609075149	Euphemism	-a mild or less direct word substituted for one that is harsh or blunt; " I have to go to powder my nose in the ladies' room."	57
6609075150	Excerpt	-groups of words taken from the original context	58
6609075151	Exemplary	-useful as an example	59
6609075152	Exposition	-comprehensive description and explanation	60
6609075153	Extended Metaphor	-figure of speech whose comparison is carried out at length	61
6609075154	Facetious	-using inappropriate humor or failing at an attempt at humor	62
6609075155	Facile-off	-handed, not serious	63
6609075156	Fastidious	-an over attention to details	64
6609075157	Figures of Speech	-know 5 of these: metaphor, simile, personification, metonymy, synecdoche	65
6609075158	Flashback	-in narration a movement from the present to the past	66
6609075159	Frank	-candid	67
6609075160	Generalization	-abstracting from particular instances to a universal claim	68
6609075161	Genre	-literature grouping according to kind	69
6609075162	Gesticulate	-gesture dramatically	70
6609075163	Hierarchy	-order of ascending value	71
6609075164	Homily	-a sermon, usually moral in character	72
6609075165	Hyperbole	-excessive exaggeration; overstatement for effect	73
6609075166	Hypothetical	-supposed but not necessarily real or true	74
6609075167	Imagery	-the use of terms that invoke an image	75
6609075168	Inference	-a deduction made from evidence and reasoning alone	76
6609075169	Inversion	-when expected syntactical order of reverse for rhetorical effect	77
6609075170	Inveterate	-a firmly established, long standing habit	78
6609075171	Irony	-a species of dissembling, saying one thing and meaning another	79
6609075172	Isocolon	-where two or more parts of a sentences are the same length and used as parallelism; "I came; I saw; I conquered."	80
6609075173	Jargon	-special language used in a given profession	81
6609075174	Juxtaposition	-placing items side by side for comparison or contrasting effects	82
6609075175	Laudatory	-praise worthy	83
6609075176	Litotes	-a negative statement used to enforce a positive; "that's not a bad job."	84
6609075177	Logos	-the material of one's address, the words or speech	85
6609075178	Malapropism	-mistaken use of a word; "she could dance the flamingo." Should be flamenco.	86
6609075179	Malfeasance	-wrong doing by a public official	87
6609075180	Metaphor	-a tacit comparison of two things that evokes an image	88
6609075181	Meticulous	-very careful	89
6609075182	Metonymy	- a figure of speech in which a word closely associated with another word is used; "The White House issued a statement today about Comey's firing."	90
6609075183	Naïve	-lacking experience, innocent	91
6609075184	Objectivity	-a perspective without a vested or personal interest in a given matter	92
6609075185	Onomatopoeia	-Sound and meaning of the word are the same	93
6609075186	Oxymoron	-contradiction in terms	94
6609075187	Panegyric	-a speech or text in praise of something or someone	95
6609075188	Paradigm	-a typical example or pattern	96
6609075189	Paradox	-a seemingly absurd statement that may in fact be true	97
6609075190	Parallelism	-a verbal structure displaying a similar pattern grammatically or syntactically; "You made me laugh; I made you cry."	98
6609075191	Parody	-an imitation of a style of a particular writer or genre with exaggeration for comic effect	99
6609075192	Pathos	-feelings, passions, an appeal to the affects of an audience	100
6609075193	Pejorative	-derogatory or negative	101
6609075194	Periodic sentence	-sentence in which the verb element is placed at the end for effect; "With low taxes, beautiful views and a mild climate, this city is a great place to live."	102
6609075195	Permeated	-spread through out	103
6609075196	Personification	-attributing human characteristics to inanimate objects	104
6609075197	Pervasive	-widespread	105
6609075198	Phenomenon	-appearance of something often suggesting its rarity	106
6609075199	Point of view	-in writing the perspective of the narrator	107
6609075200	Polysyndeton	-items in a series each joined with a conjunction; I went crazy at the market, I bought apples and oranges and bananas and avocados and peaches.	108
6609075201	Pragmatic	-practical	109
6609075202	Prodigious	-remarkably large	110
6609075203	Propitious	-favorable (generally toward a person); giving or indicating a good chance of success	111
6609075204	Propriety	-correctness concerning standards	112
6609075205	Prose	-that which is not poetry	113
6609075206	Pun	-verbal joke based on ambiguity of meaning in a word	114
6609075207	Rebuttal	-a refutation in argument	115
6609075208	Repetition	-a repeated word or phrase for effect	116
6609075209	Replete	-filled or well-supplied with	117
6609075210	Rhetoric	-the art of persuasion by every possible means at one's disposal	118
6609075211	Rhetorical question	-question whose answer is not really sought	119
6609075212	Sarcasm	-saying one thing but meaning its opposite	120
6609075213	Sardonic	-grimly mocking or cynical	121
6609075214	Satire	-use of humor, irony, exaggeration or ridicule to expose and criticize people's stupidity	122
6609075215	Simile	-overt comparison of two things	123
6609075216	Situational irony	--irony dependent upon a situation or event	124
6609075217	Style	-the manner of doing something; distinctive appearance or design; a writer's trademark	125
6609075218	Symbol	-a thing that represents or stands for something else	126
6609075219	Synecdoche	-a figure of speech that takes a part of something for the whole; "All hands on deck," the captain shouted to the sailors. (hands is a part of a person, standing for the whole person)	127
6609075220	Syntax	-arrangement of words that creates meaningful sentences	128
6609075221	Theme	-subject or topic on which a person speaks or writes	129
6609075222	Timorous	-fearful, shy	130
6609075223	Tone	-the emotional stance or attitude a writer has to her subject matter	131
6609075224	Toxic	-poisonous	132
6609075225	Understatement	-a rhetorical expression that describes something with less significance than it really has	133
6609075226	Venerated	-honored	134
6609075227	Verbal irony	--when a speaker or writer says one thing but believes another	135
6609075228	Vilify	-to speak or write about someone in an abusive or disparaging manner	136
6609075229	Voice	-the particularly identifying features of a given writer	137
6609075230	Zeugma	-- a single word applies to two others in a different sense; "she broke his car and his heart."	138

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AP Government Chapter 4 Flashcards

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6385920951	Civil Liberties	The legal constitutional protections against government.	0
6385920952	Bill of Rights	The first 10 amendments to the U.S. Constitution, which define such basic liberties as freedom of religion, speech, and press and guarantee defendant's rights.	1
6385920953	1st Amendment	The constitutional amendment that establishes freedom of press, speech, religion, assembly, and petition.	2
6385920954	Barron v. Baltimore	The 1833 Supreme Court decision holding that the Bill of Rights restrained only the national government, not the states and cities.	3
6385920955	Gitlow v. New York	The 1925 Supreme Court decision holding that freedoms of press and speech are "fundamental personal rights and liberties protected by the due process clause of the Fourteenth Amendment from impairment by the states" as well as by the federal government. Started incorporation process	4
6385920956	14th Amendment	The constitutional amendment adopted after the Civil War that declares "No State shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States; nor shall any state deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws."	5
6385920957	Due Process Clause	Part of the Fourteenth Amendment guaranteeing that persons cannot be deprived of life, liberty, or property by the United States or state governments without due process of law.	6
6385920958	Incorporation Doctrine	The legal concept under which the Supreme Court has nationalized the Bill of Rights by making most of its provisions applicable to the states through the Fourteenth Amendment.	7
6385920959	Establishment Clause	Part of the First Amendment stating that "Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion."	8
6385920960	Free Exercise Clause	A First Amendment provision that prohibits government from interfering with the practice of religion.	9
6385920961	Lemon v. Kurtzman	The 1971 Supreme Court decision that established that aid to church-related schools must (1) have a secular legislative purpose; (2) have a primary effect that neither advances nor inhibits religion; and (3) not foster excessive government entanglement with religion.	10
6385920962	Engel v. Vitale	The 1962 Supreme Court decision holding that state officials violated the First Amendment when they wrote a prayer to be recited by New York's schoolchildren	11
6385920963	Prior Restraint	Government preventing material from being published. This is a common method of limiting the press in some nations, but it is usually unconstitutional in the United States, according to the First Amendment and as confirmed in the 1931 Supreme Court case of Near v. Minnesota	12
6385920964	Near v. Minnesota	The 1931 Supreme Court decision holding that protects newspapers from prior restraint.	13
6385920965	Schenck v. United States	A 1919 decision upholding the conviction of a man who had urged young men to resist the draft during World War I. Justice Holmes declared that government can limit speech if the speech provokes a "clear and present danger" of substantive evils.	14
6385920966	Roth v. United States	A 1957 Supreme Court decision ruling that "obscenity is not within the area of constitutionally protected speech or press."	15
6385920967	Miller v. California	A 1973 Supreme court decision that avoided defining obscenity by holding that community standards be used to determine whether material is obscene in terms of appealing to a "prurient interest" and being "patently offensive" and lacking in value.	16
6385920968	Libel	The publication of false or malicious statements that damage someone's reputation.	17
6385920969	New York Times v. Sullivan	Decided in 1964, this case established the guidelines for determining whether public officials and other public figures could win damage suits for libel. To do so, individuals must prove that the defamatory statements were made with "actual malice" and reckless disregard for the truth.	18
6385920970	Texas v. Johnson	A 1989 case in which the Supreme Court struck down a law banning the burning of the American flag on the grounds that such action was symbolic speech protected by the First Amendment	19
6385920971	Symbolic Speech	Nonverbal communication, such as burning a flag or wearing an armband. The Supreme Court has accorded some symbolic speech protection under the First Amendment.	20
6385920972	Commercial Speech	Communication in the form of advertising. It can be restricted more than many other types of speech but has been receiving increased protection from the Supreme Court.	21
6385920973	NAACP v. Alabama	The Supreme Court protected the right to assemble peaceably in this 1958 case when it decided the NAACP did not have to reveal its membership list and thus subject its members to harassment.	22
6385920974	Probable Cause	The situation occurring when the police have reason to believe that person should be arrested. In making the arrest, police are allowed legally to search for and seize incriminating evidence.	23
6385920975	Unreasonable Search and Seizures	Obtaining evidence in a haphazard or random manner, a practice prohibited by the Fourth Amendment. Probable cause and/or a search warrant are required for a legal and proper search for and seizure of incriminating evidence.	24
6385920976	Search Warrant	A written authorization from a court specifying the area to be searched and what the police are searching for	25
6385920977	Exclusionary Rule	The rule that evidence cannot be introduced into a trial if it was not constitutionally obtained. The rule prohibits use of evidence obtained through unreasonable search and seizure.	26
6385920978	Mapp v. Ohio	The 1961 Supreme Court decision ruling that the Fourth Amendment's protection against unreasonable searches and seizures must be extended to the states.	27
6385920979	5th Amendment	A constitutional amendment designed to protect the rights of persons accused of crimes, including protection against double jeopardy, self-incrimination, and punishment without due process of law.	28
6385920980	Self Incrimination	The situation occurring when an individual accused of a crime is compelled to be a witness against himself or herself in court.	29
6385920981	Miranda v. Arizona	The 1966 Supreme Court decision that sets guidelines for police questioning of accused persons to protect them against self-incrimination and to protect their right to counsel.	30
6385920982	6th Amendment	A constitutional amendment designed to protect individuals accused of crimes. It includes the right to counsel, the right to confront witnesses, and the right to a speedy and public trial.	31
6385920983	Gideon v. Wainright	The 1963 Supreme Court decision holding that anyone accused of a felony where imprisonment may be imposed, however poor he or she might be, has a right to a lawyer.	32
6385920984	Plea Bargaining	A bargain struck between the defendant's lawyer and the prosecutor to the effect that the defendant will plead guilty to a lesser crime (or fewer crimes) in exchange for the state's promise not to prosecute the defendant for a more serious (or additional) crime.	33
6385920985	8th Amendment	The constitutional amendment that forbids cruel and unusual punishment, although it does not define this phrase.	34
6385920986	Cruel and Unusual	Court sentences prohibited by the Eighth Amendment. Although the Supreme Court has ruled that mandatory death sentences for certain offenses are unconstitutional, it has not held that the death penalty itself constitutes cruel and unusual punishment.	35
6385920987	Gregg v. Georgia	The 1976 Supreme Court decision that upheld the constitutionality of the death penalty, stating, "It is an extreme sanction, suitable to the most extreme of crimes." The Court did not, therefore, believe that the death sentence constitutes cruel and unusual punishment	36
6385920988	Right to Privacy	The right to a private personal life free from the intrusion of government	37
6385920989	Roe v. Wade	The 1973 Supreme Court decision holding that a state ban on all abortions was unconstitutional. The decision forbade state control over abortions during the first trimester of pregnancy, permitted states to limit abortions to protect the mother's health in the second trimester, and permitted states to ban abortion during the third trimester	38
6385920991	Tinker v. Des Moines	protects the right to assemble by including parades	39
6385920992	Reynolds v. United States	declared that free exercise of religion does not include illegal activities like polygamy	40
6385920993	Oregon v. Smith	declared that free exercise of religion does not include illegal drug use	41
6385920994	Griswold v. Connecticut	ruled various portions of Bill of Rights cast "penumbras" protecting a right to family planning/ marital privacy	42
6385966454	Furman v. Georgia	briefly stopped the death penalty in the 70s	43
6385971427	McDonald v. Chicago	incorporated 2nd Amendment	44
6388861769	Zelman v. Simmons-Harris	SCOTUS ruled that it is constitutional to provide families with publicly funded vouchers that can be used to pay for tuition for religiously funded schools	45

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Edwards Chapter 2 AP Flashcards

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5075325431	Constitution	A nation's basic law. It creates political institutions, assigns or divides powers in government, and often provides certain guarantees to citizens.	0
5075325432	Declaration of Independence	The document approved by representatives of the American colonies in 1776 that stated their grievances against the British monarch and declared their independence.	1
5075325433	Natural Rights	Rights inherent in human beings, not dependent in governments, which include life, liberty, and property. Central to John Locke.	2
5075325434	Consent of the Governed	The idea that government derives its authority by sanction of the people.	3
5075325435	Limited Government	The idea that certain restrictions should be placed on government to protect the natural rights of citizens.	4
5075325436	Articles of Confederation	The first constitution of the U.S., adopted by congress in 1777 and enacted in 1781. Established a firm league of friendship among the states, a unicameral national legislature, and did not have an executive or judiciary	5
5075325437	Shays Rebellion	A series of attacks on courthouses by a small band of farmers led by revolutionary war captain Daniel Shays to block foreclosure proceedings.	6
5075325438	Factions	Parties or interest groups that James Madison saw as arising from unequal distribution of property or wealth and attacked as having the potential to cause instability in government.	7
5075325439	New Jersey Plan	The proposal at the constitution convention that called for a unicameral congress with equal representation of each state regardless of the state's population.	8
5075325440	Virginia Plan	The proposal at the constitutional convention that called for a bicameral congress with representation in proportion to that state's share of the U.S. population.	9
5075325441	Connecticut Compromise	The compromise reached at the constitutional convention that established two houses of congress: House of Representatives (in which representation is based on a state's population), and Senate (in which each state has two representatives)	10
5075325442	Writ of Habeas Corpus	A court order requiring jailers to explain to a judge why they are holding a prisoner in custody.	11
5075325443	Separation of Powers	A feature of the constitution that requires each of the three branches of government, executive, legislative, judicial, to be relatively independent of the others so that one can't control the others. Power is shared among the three.	12
5075325444	Checks and Balances	Features of the constitution that limit government's power by requiring that power be balanced among the different governmental institutions. They continually constrain each other.	13
5075325445	Republic	A form of government in which the people select representatives to govern them and make laws.	14
5075325446	Federalists	Supporters of the U.S. Constitution at the time the states were contemplating its adoption.	15
5075325447	Anti-Federalists	Opponents of the American Constitution at the time when the states were contemplating its adoption.	16
5075325448	Federalist Papers	A collection of 85 articles written by Alexander Hamilton, John Jay, and James Madison under the name "Publius" to defend the constitution in detail.	17
5075325449	Bill of Rights	The first ten amendments to the U.S. constitution, drafted in response to some of the anti-federalist concerns.	18
5075325450	Marbury vs. Madison	The 1803 case in which the Supreme Court asserted its right to determine the meaning of the U.S. Constitution. The decision established the court's power of judicial review over acts of congress.	19
5075325451	Judicial Review	The power of the courts to determine whether acts of congress and, by implication, the executive are in accord with the U.S. Constitution. This was established by Marbury v. Madison.	20
5075325452	unequal division of property	according to Madison this is the "most common and durable source of factions"	21
5075325453	Congress	was given chief economic policymaking power	22
5075325454	3/5ths Compromise	said slaves would be counted as 3/5ths of a person for congressional representation and taxation	23
5075325455	John Locke	author of Two Treatises of Civil Government	24

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AP Las Redes Sociales Flashcards

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6125095592	las redes sociales	social networks	0
6125131290	el entretenimiento	entertainment	1
6125134812	la salubridad	health	2
6125134813	la seguridad	safety/security	3
6125139128	el mensaje de texto	text message	4
6125141490	la mensajería instantánea	instante messaging	5
6125147654	el móvil / el celular	cell phone	6
6125152665	los avances tecnológicos	technological advances	7
6125158842	las cifras	figures / numbers	8
6125164417	Estar enganchado	to be hooked / addicted	9
6125169543	suelo contestar	I usually answer	10
6125175792	hablar a través de	talk via / through	11
6125179213	se le acaba la batería	the battery dies	12
6125186478	aquejado	afflicted	13
6125189743	el síndrome de abstinencia	withdrawal symptoms	14
6125195120	el enganche	addiction	15
6125202865	apagar	to turn off	16
6125202867	consultar	to check	17
6125207164	la encuesta	survey	18
6125219118	a su juicio	en his/her opinion	19
6125264704	el dispositivo	device	20
6125321584	deprimirse	to get depressed	21
6125375826	compartir en línea	to share online	22
6125378761	las ventajas y desventajas	advantages and disadvantages	23
6125382135	chismear	to gossip	24
6125382136	la cuenta	account	25
6125385287	mantener un perfil	to have (maintain) a profile	26
6125393182	restringido	restricted	27
6125393183	la privacidad	privacy	28
6125400411	expresarse libremente	to express oneself freely	29
6125407484	la libertad	freedome	30
6125427142	estar conectado	to be connected	31
6125483908	no deberías	you shouldn't	32
6125487064	no deberías haber...	you shouldn't have...	33
6125489148	deberías haber dicho	you should have said	34
6135609326	distraer	to disract	35
6135849511	el ordenador	computer	36

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